修复包围盒并集错误

更新注释和文本描述
更新至v0.12.4
2025-04-17 20:29:20 +08:00 · 2025-04-17 20:10:59 +08:00 · 2025-04-17 20:06:52 +08:00 · 2025-04-17 20:06:38 +08:00 · 2025-04-17 20:04:06 +08:00 · 2025-04-17 20:03:46 +08:00
106 changed files with 9994 additions and 5210 deletions
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,45 @@
 # CHANGELOG

+## v0.12.4
+
+- 增加导出自动分辨率参数
+- 增加导出边缘和填充参数
+- 增加导出内容溢出参数
+- 支持3.7及以下版本多皮肤功能
+- 增加3.8版本的骨骼文件二进制和文本格式互转
+- 增加格式转换输出文件夹参数
+- 修改打开对话框的默认文件后缀筛选为所有类型
+
+## v0.12.3
+
+- 增加按住 ctrl 缩放选中模型
+- 增加对骨骼/网格/剪裁的调试渲染
+- 换回以前的上下参数面板布局
+- 修改窗口缩放模式为 Font -> Dpi
+- 修复部分问题
+
+## v0.12.2
+
+- 模型参数分标签显示
+- 皮肤/动画列表使用右键菜单进行增删
+- 标题栏显示版本号
+- 增加 webp 和 avif 动图格式
+- 增加导出参数缓存
+- 动图默认帧率修改为 24 帧
+- 增加保留最后一帧参数
+
+## v0.12.1
+
+- 优化使用体验, 提供初始皮肤/动画空位
+- 修复预览画面分辨率调整时父容器尺寸获取错误
+
+## v0.12.0
+
+- 支持皮肤列表 (仅 3.8.x 及以上支持)
+- 支持多轨道动画
+- 动画和皮肤列表多选时改为取并集
+- 修复导出时没有正确处理预乘像素的问题
+
 ## v0.11.5

 - 导出格式全面支持
--- a/README.en.md
+++ b/README.en.md
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # [SpineViewer](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer)

 [![Build and Release](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer/actions/workflows/dotnet-desktop.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer/actions/workflows/dotnet-desktop.yml)
+[![GitHub Release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/ww-rm/SpineViewer?logo=github&logoColor=959da5&label=Release&labelColor=3f4850)](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer/releases)
+[![Downloads](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/ww-rm/SpineViewer/total?logo=github&logoColor=959da5&label=Downloads&labelColor=3f4850)](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer/releases)

 [中文](README.md) | [English](README.en.md)

@@ -10,6 +12,10 @@

 ---

+:sparkles: v0.12.x New Feature: Support for multi-track animations and multi-skin list management :sparkles:
+
+---
+
 ## Installation

 Head over to the [Release](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer/releases) page to download the zip package.
@@ -23,7 +29,7 @@ Exporting video formats such as GIF requires that ffmpeg is installed locally an
 ## Supported Export Formats

 | Export Format  | Suitable for Scenario                                                                 |
-| :------------: | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|
+| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | Single Frame   | Supports generating high-definition model snapshots; you can manually adjust the frame. |
 | Frame Sequence | Supports png sequence output with transparency and lossless compression.              |
 | GIF            | Ideal for generating preview animations.                                              |
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # [SpineViewer](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer)

 [![Build and Release](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer/actions/workflows/dotnet-desktop.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer/actions/workflows/dotnet-desktop.yml)
+[![GitHub Release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/ww-rm/SpineViewer?logo=github&logoColor=959da5&label=Release&labelColor=3f4850)](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer/releases)
+[![Downloads](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/ww-rm/SpineViewer/total?logo=github&logoColor=959da5&label=Downloads&labelColor=3f4850)](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer/releases)

 [中文](README.md) | [English](README.en.md)

@@ -8,8 +10,6 @@

 ![previewer](img/preview.webp)

---
-
 ## 安装

 前往 [Release](https://github.com/ww-rm/SpineViewer/releases) 界面下载压缩包.
@@ -22,15 +22,14 @@

 ## 导出格式支持

-| 导出格式 | 适用场景 |  
-| :---: | :---: |  
-| 单帧画面 | 支持生成高清模型画面图像, 可手动调节需要的一帧. |  
-| 帧序列 | 支持 png 格式帧序列, 可保留透明通道且无损压缩. |  
-| GIF | 适合生成预览动图. |  
-| MP4 | 最常见的视频格式, 兼容性最好. |  
-| WebM | 适合浏览器在线播放格式, 支持透明背景. |  
-| MKV | 适合折腾. |  
-| MOV | 适合折腾. |  
+| 导出格式 | 适用场景 |
+| --- | --- |
+| 单帧画面 | 支持生成高清模型画面图像, 可手动调节需要的一帧. |
+| 帧序列 | 支持 PNG 格式帧序列, 可保留透明通道且无损压缩. |
+| GIF/WebP/AVIF | 适合生成预览动图. |
+| MP4 | 最常见的视频格式, 兼容性最好. |
+| WebM | 适合浏览器在线播放格式, 支持透明背景. |
+| MKV/MOV | 适合折腾. |
 | 自定义导出 | 除上述预设方案, 支持提供任意 FFmpeg 参数进行导出, 满足自定义复杂需求. |

 ## Spine 版本支持
--- a/SpineRuntimes/SpineRuntime21/AnimationState.cs
+++ b/SpineRuntimes/SpineRuntime21/AnimationState.cs
@@ -41,8 +41,9 @@ namespace SpineRuntime21 {

 		public AnimationStateData Data { get { return data; } }
 		public float TimeScale { get { return timeScale; } set { timeScale = value; } }
+		public List<TrackEntry> Tracks => tracks;

-		public delegate void StartEndDelegate(AnimationState state, int trackIndex);
+        public delegate void StartEndDelegate(AnimationState state, int trackIndex);
 		public event StartEndDelegate Start;
 		public event StartEndDelegate End;

--- a/SpineRuntimes/SpineRuntime21/Skeleton.cs
+++ b/SpineRuntimes/SpineRuntime21/Skeleton.cs
@@ -302,5 +302,50 @@ namespace SpineRuntime21 {
 		public void Update (float delta) {
 			time += delta;
 		}
-	}
+
+        public void GetBounds(out float x, out float y, out float width, out float height)
+        {
+            float[] temp = new float[8];
+            float minX = int.MaxValue, minY = int.MaxValue, maxX = int.MinValue, maxY = int.MinValue;
+            for (int i = 0, n = drawOrder.Count; i < n; i++)
+            {
+                Slot slot = drawOrder[i];
+                int verticesLength = 0;
+                float[] vertices = null;
+                Attachment attachment = slot.Attachment;
+				if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+				{
+					verticesLength = 8;
+					vertices = temp;
+					if (vertices.Length < 8) vertices = temp = new float[8];
+					regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, temp);
+				}
+				else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+				{
+
+					MeshAttachment mesh = meshAttachment;
+					verticesLength = mesh.Vertices.Length;
+					vertices = temp;
+					if (vertices.Length < verticesLength) vertices = temp = new float[verticesLength];
+					mesh.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, temp);
+				}
+
+                if (vertices != null)
+                {
+                    for (int ii = 0; ii < verticesLength; ii += 2)
+                    {
+                        float vx = vertices[ii], vy = vertices[ii + 1];
+                        minX = Math.Min(minX, vx);
+                        minY = Math.Min(minY, vy);
+                        maxX = Math.Max(maxX, vx);
+                        maxY = Math.Max(maxY, vy);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+			x = minX;
+			y = minY;
+			width = maxX - minX;
+			height = maxY - minY;
+        }
+    }
 }
--- a/SpineRuntimes/SpineRuntime21/Skin.cs
+++ b/SpineRuntimes/SpineRuntime21/Skin.cs
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ namespace SpineRuntime21 {
 			new Dictionary<KeyValuePair<int, String>, Attachment>(AttachmentComparer.Instance);

 		public String Name { get { return name; } }
+        public Dictionary<KeyValuePair<int, String>, Attachment> Attachments { get { return attachments; } }

-		public Skin (String name) {
+        public Skin (String name) {
 			if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("name cannot be null.");
 			this.name = name;
 		}
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SkelFileListBox.Designer.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SkelFileListBox.Designer.cs
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
            // 
            openFileDialog_Skel.AddExtension = false;
            openFileDialog_Skel.AddToRecent = false;
-            openFileDialog_Skel.Filter = "skel 文件 (*.skel; *.json)|*.skel;*.json|二进制文件 (*.skel)|*.skel|文本文件 (*.json)|*.json|所有文件 (*.*)|*.*";
+            openFileDialog_Skel.Filter = "所有文件 (*.*)|*.*|skel 文件 (*.skel; *.json)|*.skel;*.json";
            openFileDialog_Skel.Multiselect = true;
            openFileDialog_Skel.Title = "批量选择skel文件";
            // 
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SkelFileListBox.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SkelFileListBox.cs
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            {
                if (File.Exists(path))
                {
-                    if (SpineHelper.CommonSkelSuffix.Contains(Path.GetExtension(path).ToLower()))
+                    if (SpineUtils.CommonSkelSuffix.Contains(Path.GetExtension(path).ToLower()))
                        listBox.Items.Add(Path.GetFullPath(path));
                }
                else if (Directory.Exists(path))
                {
                    foreach (var file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(path, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
                    {
-                        if (SpineHelper.CommonSkelSuffix.Contains(Path.GetExtension(file).ToLower()))
+                        if (SpineUtils.CommonSkelSuffix.Contains(Path.GetExtension(file).ToLower()))
                            listBox.Items.Add(file);
                    }
                }
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            {
                foreach (var file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(path, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
                {
-                    if (SpineHelper.CommonSkelSuffix.Contains(Path.GetExtension(file).ToLower()))
+                    if (SpineUtils.CommonSkelSuffix.Contains(Path.GetExtension(file).ToLower()))
                        listBox.Items.Add(file);
                }
            }
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SpineListView.Designer.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SpineListView.Designer.cs
@@ -98,21 +98,21 @@
            contextMenuStrip.ImageScalingSize = new Size(24, 24);
            contextMenuStrip.Items.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem_Add, toolStripMenuItem_Insert, toolStripMenuItem_Remove, toolStripSeparator1, toolStripMenuItem_BatchAdd, toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAll, toolStripSeparator2, toolStripMenuItem_MoveUp, toolStripMenuItem_MoveDown, toolStripMenuItem_MoveTop, toolStripMenuItem_MoveBottom, toolStripSeparator3, toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview, toolStripMenuItem_AddFromClipboard, toolStripMenuItem_SelectAll, toolStripSeparator4, toolStripMenuItem_ChangeView });
            contextMenuStrip.Name = "contextMenuStrip";
-            contextMenuStrip.Size = new Size(329, 418);
+            contextMenuStrip.Size = new Size(255, 451);
            contextMenuStrip.Closed += contextMenuStrip_Closed;
            contextMenuStrip.Opening += contextMenuStrip_Opening;
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_Add
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_Add.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_Add";
-            toolStripMenuItem_Add.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_Add.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_Add.Text = "添加...";
            toolStripMenuItem_Add.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Add_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_Insert
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_Insert.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_Insert";
-            toolStripMenuItem_Insert.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_Insert.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_Insert.Text = "插入...";
            toolStripMenuItem_Insert.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Insert_Click;
            // 
@@ -120,39 +120,39 @@
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_Remove.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_Remove";
            toolStripMenuItem_Remove.ShortcutKeys = Keys.Delete;
-            toolStripMenuItem_Remove.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_Remove.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_Remove.Text = "移除";
            toolStripMenuItem_Remove.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Remove_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripSeparator1
            // 
            toolStripSeparator1.Name = "toolStripSeparator1";
-            toolStripSeparator1.Size = new Size(325, 6);
+            toolStripSeparator1.Size = new Size(251, 6);
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_BatchAdd
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_BatchAdd.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_BatchAdd";
-            toolStripMenuItem_BatchAdd.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_BatchAdd.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_BatchAdd.Text = "批量添加...";
            toolStripMenuItem_BatchAdd.Click += toolStripMenuItem_BatchAdd_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAll
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAll.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAll";
-            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAll.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAll.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAll.Text = "移除全部";
            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAll.Click += toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAll_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripSeparator2
            // 
            toolStripSeparator2.Name = "toolStripSeparator2";
-            toolStripSeparator2.Size = new Size(325, 6);
+            toolStripSeparator2.Size = new Size(251, 6);
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_MoveUp
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveUp.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_MoveUp";
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveUp.ShortcutKeys = Keys.Alt | Keys.W;
-            toolStripMenuItem_MoveUp.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_MoveUp.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveUp.Text = "上移";
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveUp.Click += toolStripMenuItem_MoveUp_Click;
            // 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveDown.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_MoveDown";
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveDown.ShortcutKeys = Keys.Alt | Keys.S;
-            toolStripMenuItem_MoveDown.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_MoveDown.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveDown.Text = "下移";
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveDown.Click += toolStripMenuItem_MoveDown_Click;
            // 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveTop.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_MoveTop";
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveTop.ShortcutKeys = Keys.Alt | Keys.Shift | Keys.W;
-            toolStripMenuItem_MoveTop.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_MoveTop.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveTop.Text = "置顶";
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveTop.Click += toolStripMenuItem_MoveTop_Click;
            // 
@@ -176,28 +176,28 @@
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveBottom.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_MoveBottom";
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveBottom.ShortcutKeys = Keys.Alt | Keys.Shift | Keys.S;
-            toolStripMenuItem_MoveBottom.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_MoveBottom.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveBottom.Text = "置底";
            toolStripMenuItem_MoveBottom.Click += toolStripMenuItem_MoveBottom_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripSeparator3
            // 
            toolStripSeparator3.Name = "toolStripSeparator3";
-            toolStripSeparator3.Size = new Size(325, 6);
+            toolStripSeparator3.Size = new Size(251, 6);
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview";
            toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview.ShortcutKeys = Keys.Control | Keys.C;
-            toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview.Size = new Size(328, 30);
-            toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview.Text = "复制预览图 (256x256)";
+            toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview.Size = new Size(254, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview.Text = "复制预览图";
            toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview.Click += toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_AddFromClipboard
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_AddFromClipboard.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_AddFromClipboard";
            toolStripMenuItem_AddFromClipboard.ShortcutKeys = Keys.Control | Keys.V;
-            toolStripMenuItem_AddFromClipboard.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddFromClipboard.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_AddFromClipboard.Text = "从剪贴板添加";
            toolStripMenuItem_AddFromClipboard.Click += toolStripMenuItem_AddFromClipboard_Click;
            // 
@@ -205,20 +205,20 @@
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_SelectAll.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_SelectAll";
            toolStripMenuItem_SelectAll.ShortcutKeys = Keys.Control | Keys.A;
-            toolStripMenuItem_SelectAll.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_SelectAll.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_SelectAll.Text = "全选";
            toolStripMenuItem_SelectAll.Click += toolStripMenuItem_SelectAll_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripSeparator4
            // 
            toolStripSeparator4.Name = "toolStripSeparator4";
-            toolStripSeparator4.Size = new Size(325, 6);
+            toolStripSeparator4.Size = new Size(251, 6);
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_ChangeView
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_ChangeView.DropDownItems.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem_LargeIconView, toolStripMenuItem_ListView, toolStripMenuItem_DetailsView });
            toolStripMenuItem_ChangeView.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ChangeView";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ChangeView.Size = new Size(328, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_ChangeView.Size = new Size(254, 30);
            toolStripMenuItem_ChangeView.Text = "切换视图";
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_LargeIconView
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SpineListView.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SpineListView.cs
@@ -13,24 +13,33 @@ using System.Reflection;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Collections.Specialized;
 using NLog;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using SpineViewer.Spine.SpineView;
+
 namespace SpineViewer.Controls
 {
    public partial class SpineListView : UserControl
    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 日志器
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+
        /// <summary>
        /// Spine 列表只读视图, 访问时必须使用 lock 语句锁定视图本身
        /// </summary>
-        public readonly ReadOnlyCollection<Spine.Spine> Spines;
+        public readonly ReadOnlyCollection<Spine.SpineObject> Spines;

        /// <summary>
        /// Spine 列表, 访问时必须使用 lock 语句锁定只读视图 Spines
        /// </summary>
-        private readonly List<Spine.Spine> spines = [];
+        private readonly List<Spine.SpineObject> spines = [];

        /// <summary>
-        /// 日志器
+        /// 用于属性页显示模型参数的包装类
        /// </summary>
-        protected readonly Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, SpineObjectProperty> spinePropertyWrappers = [];

        public SpineListView()
        {
@@ -41,8 +50,8 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        /// <summary>
        /// 显示骨骼信息的属性面板
        /// </summary>
-        [Category("自定义"), Description("用于显示骨骼属性的属性页")]
-        public PropertyGrid? PropertyGrid { get; set; }
+        [Category("自定义"), Description("用于显示模型属性的组合属性页")]
+        public SpineViewPropertyGrid? SpinePropertyGrid { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 选中的索引
@@ -60,8 +69,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        private void Insert(int index = -1)
        {
            var dialog = new Dialogs.OpenSpineDialog();
-            if (dialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
-                return;
+            if (dialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK) return;
            Insert(dialog.Result, index);
        }

@@ -72,19 +80,17 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        {
            try
            {
-                var spine = Spine.Spine.New(result.Version, result.SkelPath, result.AtlasPath);
+                var spine = Spine.SpineObject.New(result.Version, result.SkelPath, result.AtlasPath);

                // 如果索引无效则在末尾添加
                if (index < 0 || index > listView.Items.Count)
                    index = listView.Items.Count;

                // 锁定外部的读操作
-                lock (Spines)
-                {
-                    spines.Insert(index, spine);
-                    listView.SmallImageList.Images.Add(spine.ID, spine.Preview);
-                    listView.LargeImageList.Images.Add(spine.ID, spine.Preview);
-                }
+                lock (Spines) { spines.Insert(index, spine); }
+                spinePropertyWrappers[spine.ID] = new(spine);
+                listView.SmallImageList.Images.Add(spine.ID, spine.Preview);
+                listView.LargeImageList.Images.Add(spine.ID, spine.Preview);
                listView.Items.Insert(index, new ListViewItem(spine.Name, spine.ID) { ToolTipText = spine.SkelPath });

                // 选中新增项
@@ -95,7 +101,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            {
                logger.Error(ex.ToString());
                logger.Error("Failed to load {} {}", result.SkelPath, result.AtlasPath);
-                MessageBox.Error(ex.ToString(), "骨骼加载失败");
+                MessagePopup.Error(ex.ToString(), "骨骼加载失败");
            }

            logger.LogCurrentProcessMemoryUsage();
@@ -107,8 +113,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        public void BatchAdd()
        {
            var openDialog = new Dialogs.BatchOpenSpineDialog();
-            if (openDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
-                return;
+            if (openDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK) return;
            BatchAdd(openDialog.Result);
        }

@@ -150,9 +155,10 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls

                try
                {
-                    var spine = Spine.Spine.New(version, skelPath);
+                    var spine = Spine.SpineObject.New(version, skelPath);
                    var preview = spine.Preview;
                    lock (Spines) { spines.Add(spine); }
+                    spinePropertyWrappers[spine.ID] = new(spine);
                    listView.Invoke(() =>
                    {
                        listView.SmallImageList.Images.Add(spine.ID, preview);
@@ -199,14 +205,14 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            {
                if (File.Exists(path))
                {
-                    if (SpineHelper.CommonSkelSuffix.Contains(Path.GetExtension(path).ToLower()))
+                    if (SpineUtils.CommonSkelSuffix.Contains(Path.GetExtension(path).ToLower()))
                        validPaths.Add(path);
                }
                else if (Directory.Exists(path))
                {
                    foreach (var file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(path, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
                    {
-                        if (SpineHelper.CommonSkelSuffix.Contains(Path.GetExtension(file).ToLower()))
+                        if (SpineUtils.CommonSkelSuffix.Contains(Path.GetExtension(file).ToLower()))
                            validPaths.Add(file);
                    }
                }
@@ -216,7 +222,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            {
                if (validPaths.Count > 100)
                {
-                    if (MessageBox.Quest($"共发现 {validPaths.Count} 个可加载骨骼，数量较多，是否一次性全部加载？") == DialogResult.Cancel)
+                    if (MessagePopup.Quest($"共发现 {validPaths.Count} 个可加载骨骼，数量较多，是否一次性全部加载？") == DialogResult.Cancel)
                        return;
                }
                BatchAdd(new Dialogs.BatchOpenSpineDialogResult(SpineVersion.Auto, validPaths.ToArray()));
@@ -243,14 +249,14 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        {
            lock (Spines)
            {
-                if (PropertyGrid is not null)
+                if (SpinePropertyGrid is not null)
                {
                    if (listView.SelectedIndices.Count <= 0)
-                        PropertyGrid.SelectedObject = null;
+                        SpinePropertyGrid.SelectedSpines = null;
                    else if (listView.SelectedIndices.Count <= 1)
-                        PropertyGrid.SelectedObject = spines[listView.SelectedIndices[0]];
+                        SpinePropertyGrid.SelectedSpines = [spinePropertyWrappers[spines[listView.SelectedIndices[0]].ID]];
                    else
-                        PropertyGrid.SelectedObjects = listView.SelectedIndices.Cast<int>().Select(index => spines[index]).ToArray();
+                        SpinePropertyGrid.SelectedSpines = listView.SelectedIndices.Cast<int>().Select(index => spinePropertyWrappers[spines[index].ID]).ToArray();
                }

                // 标记选中的 Spine
@@ -405,7 +411,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls

            if (listView.SelectedIndices.Count > 1)
            {
-                if (MessageBox.Quest($"确定移除所选 {listView.SelectedIndices.Count} 项吗？") != DialogResult.OK)
+                if (MessagePopup.Quest($"确定移除所选 {listView.SelectedIndices.Count} 项吗？") != DialogResult.OK)
                    return;
            }

@@ -417,6 +423,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
                    listView.Items.RemoveAt(i);
                    var spine = spines[i];
                    spines.RemoveAt(i);
+                    spinePropertyWrappers.Remove(spine.ID);
                    listView.SmallImageList.Images.RemoveByKey(spine.ID);
                    listView.LargeImageList.Images.RemoveByKey(spine.ID);
                    spine.Dispose();
@@ -504,7 +511,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            if (listView.Items.Count <= 0)
                return;

-            if (MessageBox.Quest($"确认移除所有 {listView.Items.Count} 项吗？") != DialogResult.OK)
+            if (MessagePopup.Quest($"确认移除所有 {listView.Items.Count} 项吗？") != DialogResult.OK)
                return;

            listView.Items.Clear();
@@ -512,11 +519,12 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            {
                foreach (var spine in spines) spine.Dispose();
                spines.Clear();
+                spinePropertyWrappers.Clear();
                listView.SmallImageList.Images.Clear();
                listView.LargeImageList.Images.Clear();
            }
-            if (PropertyGrid is not null)
-                PropertyGrid.SelectedObject = null;
+            if (SpinePropertyGrid is not null)
+                SpinePropertyGrid.SelectedSpines = null;
        }

        private void toolStripMenuItem_CopyPreview_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
@@ -574,4 +582,9 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            listView.View = View.Details;
        }
    }
+
+    public class DefaultSpineConfig
+    {
+
+    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SpinePreviewPanel.Designer.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SpinePreviewPanel.Designer.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace SpineViewer.Controls
 {
-    partial class SpinePreviewer
+    partial class SpinePreviewPanel
    {
        /// <summary> 
        /// 必需的设计器变量。
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
-            System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(SpinePreviewer));
-            panel = new Panel();
+            System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(SpinePreviewPanel));
+            panel_Render = new Panel();
            tableLayoutPanel1 = new TableLayoutPanel();
            panel_Container = new Panel();
            flowLayoutPanel1 = new FlowLayoutPanel();
@@ -46,18 +46,18 @@
            flowLayoutPanel1.SuspendLayout();
            SuspendLayout();
            // 
-            // panel
+            // panel_Render
            // 
-            panel.BackColor = SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
-            panel.Location = new Point(157, 136);
-            panel.Margin = new Padding(0);
-            panel.Name = "panel";
-            panel.Size = new Size(320, 320);
-            panel.TabIndex = 1;
-            panel.MouseDown += panel_MouseDown;
-            panel.MouseMove += panel_MouseMove;
-            panel.MouseUp += panel_MouseUp;
-            panel.MouseWheel += panel_MouseWheel;
+            panel_Render.BackColor = SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
+            panel_Render.Location = new Point(157, 136);
+            panel_Render.Margin = new Padding(0);
+            panel_Render.Name = "panel_Render";
+            panel_Render.Size = new Size(320, 320);
+            panel_Render.TabIndex = 1;
+            panel_Render.MouseDown += panel_Render_MouseDown;
+            panel_Render.MouseMove += panel_Render_MouseMove;
+            panel_Render.MouseUp += panel_Render_MouseUp;
+            panel_Render.MouseWheel += panel_Render_MouseWheel;
            // 
            // tableLayoutPanel1
            // 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
            // panel_Container
            // 
            panel_Container.BackColor = SystemColors.ControlDark;
-            panel_Container.Controls.Add(panel);
+            panel_Container.Controls.Add(panel_Render);
            panel_Container.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            panel_Container.Location = new Point(0, 0);
            panel_Container.Margin = new Padding(0);
@@ -190,14 +190,14 @@
            button_ForwardFast.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            button_ForwardFast.Click += button_ForwardFast_Click;
            // 
-            // SpinePreviewer
+            // SpinePreviewPanel
            // 
            AutoScaleDimensions = new SizeF(11F, 24F);
            AutoScaleMode = AutoScaleMode.Font;
            Controls.Add(tableLayoutPanel1);
-            Name = "SpinePreviewer";
+            Name = "SpinePreviewPanel";
            Size = new Size(641, 636);
-            SizeChanged += SpinePreviewer_SizeChanged;
+            SizeChanged += SpinePreviewPanel_SizeChanged;
            tableLayoutPanel1.ResumeLayout(false);
            tableLayoutPanel1.PerformLayout();
            panel_Container.ResumeLayout(false);
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@

        #endregion

-        private Panel panel;
+        private Panel panel_Render;
        private TableLayoutPanel tableLayoutPanel1;
        private Panel panel_Container;
        private FlowLayoutPanel flowLayoutPanel1;
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SpinePreviewPanel.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SpinePreviewPanel.cs
@@ -10,11 +10,30 @@ using System.Windows.Forms;
 using System.Security.Policy;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using NLog;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;

 namespace SpineViewer.Controls
 {
-    public partial class SpinePreviewer : UserControl
+    public partial class SpinePreviewPanel : UserControl
    {
+        public SpinePreviewPanel()
+        {
+            InitializeComponent();
+            renderWindow = new(panel_Render.Handle);
+            renderWindow.SetActive(false);
+
+            // 设置默认参数
+            Resolution = new(2048, 2048);
+            Center = new(0, 0);
+            FlipY = true;
+            MaxFps = 30;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 日志器
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+
        /// <summary>
        /// 要绑定的 Spine 列表控件
        /// </summary>
@@ -32,57 +51,12 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            {
                propertyGrid = value;
                if (propertyGrid is not null)
-                    propertyGrid.SelectedObject = new PreviewerProperty(this);
+                    propertyGrid.SelectedObject = new SpinePreviewPanelProperty(this);
            }
        }
        private PropertyGrid? propertyGrid;

-        #region 画面参数
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 画面缩放最大值
-        /// </summary>
-        public const float ZOOM_MAX = 1000f;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 画面缩放最小值
-        /// </summary>
-        public const float ZOOM_MIN = 0.001f;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 包装类, 用于属性面板显示
-        /// </summary>
-        private class PreviewerProperty(SpinePreviewer previewer)
-        {
-            [TypeConverter(typeof(SizeConverter))]
-            [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("分辨率")]
-            public Size Resolution { get => previewer.Resolution; set => previewer.Resolution = value; }
-
-            [TypeConverter(typeof(PointFConverter))]
-            [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("画面中心点")]
-            public PointF Center { get => previewer.Center; set => previewer.Center = value; }
-
-            [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("缩放")]
-            public float Zoom { get => previewer.Zoom; set => previewer.Zoom = value; }
-
-            [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("旋转")]
-            public float Rotation { get => previewer.Rotation; set => previewer.Rotation = value; }
-
-            [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("水平翻转")]
-            public bool FlipX { get => previewer.FlipX; set => previewer.FlipX = value; }
-
-            [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("垂直翻转")]
-            public bool FlipY { get => previewer.FlipY; set => previewer.FlipY = value; }
-
-            [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("仅渲染选中")]
-            public bool RenderSelectedOnly { get => previewer.RenderSelectedOnly; set => previewer.RenderSelectedOnly = value; }
-
-            [Category("[1] 预览"), DisplayName("显示坐标轴")]
-            public bool ShowAxis { get => previewer.ShowAxis; set => previewer.ShowAxis = value; }
-
-            [Category("[1] 预览"), DisplayName("最大帧率")]
-            public uint MaxFps { get => previewer.MaxFps; set => previewer.MaxFps = value; }
-        }
+        #region 参数属性

        /// <summary>
        /// 分辨率
@@ -97,8 +71,8 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
                if (value.Width <= 0) value.Width = 100;
                if (value.Height <= 0) value.Height = 100;

-                float parentX = Width;
-                float parentY = Height;
+                float parentX = panel_Render.Parent.Width;
+                float parentY = panel_Render.Parent.Height;
                float sizeX = value.Width;
                float sizeY = value.Height;

@@ -116,15 +90,15 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
                }

                // 必须通过 SFML 的方法调整窗口
-                RenderWindow.Position = new((int)(parentX - sizeX) / 2, (int)(parentY - sizeY) / 2);
-                RenderWindow.Size = new((uint)sizeX, (uint)sizeY);
+                renderWindow.Position = new((int)(parentX - sizeX) / 2, (int)(parentY - sizeY) / 2);
+                renderWindow.Size = new((uint)sizeX, (uint)sizeY);

                // 将 view 的大小设置成于 resolution 相同的大小, 其余属性都不变
-                var view = RenderWindow.GetView();
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
                var signX = Math.Sign(view.Size.X);
                var signY = Math.Sign(view.Size.Y);
                view.Size = new(value.Width * signX, value.Height * signY);
-                RenderWindow.SetView(view);
+                renderWindow.SetView(view);

                resolution = value;
            }
@@ -140,14 +114,15 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        {
            get
            {
-                var center = RenderWindow.GetView().Center;
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
+                var center = view.Center;
                return new(center.X, center.Y);
            }
            set
            {
-                var view = RenderWindow.GetView();
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
                view.Center = new(value.X, value.Y);
-                RenderWindow.SetView(view);
+                renderWindow.SetView(view);
            }
        }

@@ -158,15 +133,19 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        [Browsable(false)]
        public float Zoom
        {
-            get => resolution.Width / Math.Abs(RenderWindow.GetView().Size.X);
+            get
+            {
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
+                return resolution.Width / Math.Abs(view.Size.X);
+            }
            set
            {
-                value = Math.Clamp(value, ZOOM_MIN, ZOOM_MAX);
-                var view = RenderWindow.GetView();
+                value = Math.Clamp(value, 0.001f, 1000f);
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
                var signX = Math.Sign(view.Size.X);
                var signY = Math.Sign(view.Size.Y);
                view.Size = new(resolution.Width / value * signX, resolution.Height / value * signY);
-                RenderWindow.SetView(view);
+                renderWindow.SetView(view);
            }
        }

@@ -177,12 +156,16 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
        public float Rotation
        {
-            get => RenderWindow.GetView().Rotation;
+            get
+            {
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
+                return view.Rotation;
+            }
            set
            {
-                var view = RenderWindow.GetView();
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
                view.Rotation = value;
-                RenderWindow.SetView(view);
+                renderWindow.SetView(view);
            }
        }

@@ -193,15 +176,19 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        [Browsable(false)]
        public bool FlipX
        {
-            get => RenderWindow.GetView().Size.X < 0;
+            get
+            {
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
+                return view.Size.X < 0;
+            }
            set
            {
-                var view = RenderWindow.GetView();
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
                var size = view.Size;
                if (size.X > 0 && value || size.X < 0 && !value)
                    size.X *= -1;
                view.Size = size;
-                RenderWindow.SetView(view);
+                renderWindow.SetView(view);
            }
        }

@@ -212,15 +199,19 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        [Browsable(false)]
        public bool FlipY
        {
-            get => RenderWindow.GetView().Size.Y < 0;
+            get
+            {
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
+                return view.Size.Y < 0;
+            }
            set
            {
-                var view = RenderWindow.GetView();
+                using var view = renderWindow.GetView();
                var size = view.Size;
                if (size.Y > 0 && value || size.Y < 0 && !value)
                    size.Y *= -1;
                view.Size = size;
-                RenderWindow.SetView(view);
+                renderWindow.SetView(view);
            }
        }

@@ -243,40 +234,42 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        /// </summary>
        [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
        [Browsable(false)]
-        public uint MaxFps { get => maxFps; set { RenderWindow.SetFramerateLimit(value); maxFps = value; } }
+        public uint MaxFps { get => maxFps; set { renderWindow.SetFramerateLimit(value); maxFps = value; } }
        private uint maxFps = 60;

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取 View
        /// </summary>
-        public SFML.Graphics.View GetView() => RenderWindow.GetView();
+        public SFML.Graphics.View GetView() => renderWindow.GetView();

        #endregion

+        #region 渲染管理
+
        /// <summary>
-        /// 日志器
+        /// 预览画面背景色
        /// </summary>
-        private Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+        private static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color BackgroundColor = new(105, 105, 105);

-        public SpinePreviewer()
-        {
-            InitializeComponent();
-            RenderWindow = new(panel.Handle);
-            RenderWindow.SetActive(false);
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 预览画面坐标轴颜色
+        /// </summary>
+        private static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color AxisColor = new(220, 220, 220);

-            // 设置默认参数
-            Resolution = new(2048, 2048);
-            Center = new(0, 0);
-            FlipY = true;
-            MaxFps = 30;
-        }
-
-        #region 渲染线程管理
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 坐标轴顶点缓冲区
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly SFML.Graphics.VertexArray axisVertices = new(SFML.Graphics.PrimitiveType.Lines, 2); // XXX: 暂时未使用 Dispose 释放

        /// <summary>
        /// 渲染窗口
        /// </summary>
-        private readonly SFML.Graphics.RenderWindow RenderWindow;
+        private readonly SFML.Graphics.RenderWindow renderWindow;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 帧间隔计时器
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly SFML.System.Clock clock = new();

        /// <summary>
        /// 渲染任务
@@ -284,6 +277,36 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        private Task? task = null;
        private CancellationTokenSource? cancelToken = null;

+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否更新画面
+        /// </summary>
+        [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public bool IsUpdating
+        {
+            get => isUpdating;
+            private set
+            {
+                if (value == isUpdating) return;
+                if (value)
+                {
+                    button_Start.ImageKey = "pause";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    button_Start.ImageKey = "start";
+                }
+                isUpdating = value;
+            }
+        }
+        private bool isUpdating = true;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 快进时间量
+        /// </summary>
+        private float forwardDelta = 0;
+        private object _forwardDeltaLock = new();
+
        /// <summary>
        /// 开始渲染
        /// </summary>
@@ -310,58 +333,6 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            task = null;
        }

-        #endregion
-
-        #region 渲染更新管理
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 是否更新画面
-        /// </summary>
-        public bool IsUpdating
-        {
-            get => isUpdating;
-            private set
-            {
-                if (value == isUpdating) return;
-                if (value)
-                {
-                    button_Start.ImageKey = "pause";
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    button_Start.ImageKey = "start";
-                }
-                isUpdating = value;
-            }
-        }
-        private bool isUpdating = true;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 快进时间量
-        /// </summary>
-        private float forwardDelta = 0;
-        private object _forwardDeltaLock = new();
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 预览画面背景色
-        /// </summary>
-        private static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color BackgroundColor = new(105, 105, 105);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 预览画面坐标轴颜色
-        /// </summary>
-        private static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color AxisColor = new(220, 220, 220);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 坐标轴顶点缓冲区
-        /// </summary>
-        private readonly SFML.Graphics.VertexArray AxisVertex = new(SFML.Graphics.PrimitiveType.Lines, 2);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 帧间隔计时器
-        /// </summary>
-        private readonly SFML.System.Clock Clock = new();
-
        /// <summary>
        /// 渲染任务
        /// </summary>
@@ -369,13 +340,13 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        {
            try
            {
-                RenderWindow.SetActive(true);
+                renderWindow.SetActive(true);

                float delta;
                while (cancelToken is not null && !cancelToken.IsCancellationRequested)
                {
-                    delta = Clock.ElapsedTime.AsSeconds();
-                    Clock.Restart();
+                    delta = clock.ElapsedTime.AsSeconds();
+                    clock.Restart();

                    // 停止更新的时候只是时间不前进, 但是坐标变换还是要更新, 否则无法移动对象
                    if (!IsUpdating) delta = 0;
@@ -387,17 +358,17 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
                        forwardDelta = 0;
                    }

-                    RenderWindow.Clear(BackgroundColor);
+                    renderWindow.Clear(BackgroundColor);

                    if (ShowAxis)
                    {
                        // 画一个很长的坐标轴, 用 1e9 比较合适
-                        AxisVertex[0] = new(new(-1e9f, 0), AxisColor);
-                        AxisVertex[1] = new(new(1e9f, 0), AxisColor);
-                        RenderWindow.Draw(AxisVertex);
-                        AxisVertex[0] = new(new(0, -1e9f), AxisColor);
-                        AxisVertex[1] = new(new(0, 1e9f), AxisColor);
-                        RenderWindow.Draw(AxisVertex);
+                        axisVertices[0] = new(new(-1e9f, 0), AxisColor);
+                        axisVertices[1] = new(new(1e9f, 0), AxisColor);
+                        renderWindow.Draw(axisVertices);
+                        axisVertices[0] = new(new(0, -1e9f), AxisColor);
+                        axisVertices[1] = new(new(0, 1e9f), AxisColor);
+                        renderWindow.Draw(axisVertices);
                    }

                    // 渲染 Spine
@@ -418,25 +389,25 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
                                if (RenderSelectedOnly && !spine.IsSelected)
                                    continue;

-                                spine.IsDebug = true;
-                                RenderWindow.Draw(spine);
-                                spine.IsDebug = false;
+                                spine.EnableDebug = true;
+                                renderWindow.Draw(spine);
+                                spine.EnableDebug = false;
                            }
                        }
                    }

-                    RenderWindow.Display();
+                    renderWindow.Display();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
-                logger.Fatal(ex);
+                logger.Fatal(ex.ToString());
                logger.Fatal("Render task stopped");
-                MessageBox.Error(ex.ToString(), "预览画面已停止渲染");
+                MessagePopup.Error(ex.ToString(), "预览画面已停止渲染");
            }
            finally
            {
-                RenderWindow.SetActive(false);
+                renderWindow.SetActive(false);
            }
        }

@@ -447,46 +418,36 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        /// </summary>
        private SFML.System.Vector2f? draggingSrc = null;

-        private void SpinePreviewer_SizeChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        private void SpinePreviewPanel_SizeChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
-            if (RenderWindow is null)
+            if (renderWindow is null)
                return;

-            float parentX = panel.Parent.Width;
-            float parentY = panel.Parent.Height;
-            float sizeX = panel.Width;
-            float sizeY = panel.Height;
-
-            if ((sizeY / sizeX) < (parentY / parentX))
-            {
-                // 相同的 X, 子窗口 Y 更小
-                sizeY = parentX * sizeY / sizeX;
-                sizeX = parentX;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // 相同的 Y, 子窗口 X 更小
-                sizeX = parentY * sizeX / sizeY;
-                sizeY = parentY;
-            }
+            float parentW = panel_Render.Parent.Width;
+            float parentH = panel_Render.Parent.Height;
+            float renderW = panel_Render.Width;
+            float renderH = panel_Render.Height;
+            float scale = Math.Min(parentW / renderW, parentH / renderH); // 两方向取较小值, 保证 parent 覆盖 render
+            renderH *= scale;
+            renderW *= scale;

            // 必须通过 SFML 的方法调整窗口
-            RenderWindow.Position = new((int)(parentX - sizeX) / 2, (int)(parentY - sizeY) / 2);
-            RenderWindow.Size = new((uint)sizeX, (uint)sizeY);
+            renderWindow.Position = new((int)(parentW - renderW) / 2, (int)(parentH - renderH) / 2);
+            renderWindow.Size = new((uint)renderW, (uint)renderH);
        }

-        private void panel_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        private void panel_Render_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            // 右键优先级高, 进入画面拖动模式, 需要重新记录源点
            if ((e.Button & MouseButtons.Right) != 0)
            {
-                draggingSrc = RenderWindow.MapPixelToCoords(new(e.X, e.Y));
+                draggingSrc = renderWindow.MapPixelToCoords(new(e.X, e.Y));
                Cursor = Cursors.Hand;
            }
            // 按下了左键并且右键是松开的
            else if ((e.Button & MouseButtons.Left) != 0 && (MouseButtons & MouseButtons.Right) == 0)
            {
-                draggingSrc = RenderWindow.MapPixelToCoords(new(e.X, e.Y));
+                draggingSrc = renderWindow.MapPixelToCoords(new(e.X, e.Y));
                var src = new PointF(((SFML.System.Vector2f)draggingSrc).X, ((SFML.System.Vector2f)draggingSrc).Y);

                if (SpineListView is null)
@@ -504,7 +465,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
                        foreach (int i in SpineListView.SelectedIndices)
                        {
                            if (spines[i].IsHidden) continue;
-                            if (!spines[i].Bounds.Contains(src)) continue;
+                            if (!spines[i].GetCurrentBounds().Contains(src)) continue;
                            hit = true;
                            break;
                        }
@@ -521,7 +482,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
                            for (int i = 0; i < spines.Count; i++)
                            {
                                if (spines[i].IsHidden) continue;
-                                if (!spines[i].Bounds.Contains(src)) continue;
+                                if (!spines[i].GetCurrentBounds().Contains(src)) continue;

                                hit = true;

@@ -543,7 +504,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
                            for (int i = 0; i < spines.Count; i++)
                            {
                                if (spines[i].IsHidden) continue;
-                                if (!spines[i].Bounds.Contains(src)) continue;
+                                if (!spines[i].GetCurrentBounds().Contains(src)) continue;

                                SpineListView.SelectedIndices.Add(i);
                                break;
@@ -554,13 +515,13 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            }
        }

-        private void panel_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        private void panel_Render_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            if (draggingSrc is null)
                return;

            var src = (SFML.System.Vector2f)draggingSrc;
-            var dst = RenderWindow.MapPixelToCoords(new(e.X, e.Y));
+            var dst = renderWindow.MapPixelToCoords(new(e.X, e.Y));
            var _delta = dst - src;
            var delta = new SizeF(_delta.X, _delta.Y);

@@ -586,12 +547,12 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            }
        }

-        private void panel_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        private void panel_Render_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            // 右键高优先级, 结束画面拖动模式
            if ((e.Button & MouseButtons.Right) != 0)
            {
-                SpineListView?.PropertyGrid?.Refresh();
+                SpineListView?.SpinePropertyGrid?.Refresh();

                draggingSrc = null;
                Cursor = Cursors.Default;
@@ -601,14 +562,34 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
            else if ((e.Button & MouseButtons.Left) != 0 && (MouseButtons & MouseButtons.Right) == 0)
            {
                draggingSrc = null;
-                SpineListView?.PropertyGrid?.Refresh();
+                SpineListView?.SpinePropertyGrid?.Refresh();
            }
        }

-        private void panel_MouseWheel(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        private void panel_Render_MouseWheel(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
-            Zoom *= (e.Delta > 0 ? 1.1f : 0.9f);
-            PropertyGrid?.Refresh();
+            var factor = (e.Delta > 0 ? 1.1f : 0.9f);
+            if ((ModifierKeys & Keys.Control) == 0)
+            {
+                Zoom *= factor;
+                PropertyGrid?.Refresh();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (SpineListView is not null)
+                {
+                    lock (SpineListView.Spines)
+                    {
+                        var spines = SpineListView.Spines;
+                        foreach (int i in SpineListView.SelectedIndices)
+                        {
+                            if (spines[i].IsHidden) continue;
+                            spines[i].Scale *= factor;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    SpineListView.SpinePropertyGrid?.Refresh();
+                }
+            }
        }

        private void button_Stop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
@@ -619,7 +600,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
                lock (SpineListView.Spines)
                {
                    foreach (var spine in SpineListView.Spines)
-                        spine.Track0Animation = spine.Track0Animation; // TODO: 多轨道重置
+                        spine.ResetAnimationsTime();
                }
            }
        }
@@ -631,7 +612,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
                lock (SpineListView.Spines)
                {
                    foreach (var spine in SpineListView.Spines)
-                        spine.Track0Animation = spine.Track0Animation; // TODO: 多轨道重置
+                        spine.ResetAnimationsTime();
                }
            }
            IsUpdating = true;
@@ -646,7 +627,10 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        {
            lock (_forwardDeltaLock)
            {
-                forwardDelta += 1f / maxFps;
+                if (maxFps > 0)
+                    forwardDelta += 1f / maxFps;
+                else
+                    forwardDelta += 0.001f;
            }
        }

@@ -654,7 +638,10 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        {
            lock (_forwardDeltaLock)
            {
-                forwardDelta += 10f / maxFps;
+                if (maxFps > 0)
+                    forwardDelta += 10f / maxFps;
+                else
+                    forwardDelta += 0.01f;
            }
        }

@@ -664,4 +651,42 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Controls
        //public void ClickForwardStepButton() => button_ForwardStep_Click(button_ForwardStep, EventArgs.Empty);
        //public void ClickForwardFastButton() => button_ForwardFast_Click(button_ForwardFast, EventArgs.Empty);
    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用于在 PropertyGrid 上显示 <see cref="SpinePreviewPanel"/> 属性的包装类, 提供用户操作接口
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SpinePreviewPanelProperty(SpinePreviewPanel previewPanel)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public SpinePreviewPanel PreviewPanel { get; } = previewPanel;
+
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(SizeConverter))]
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("分辨率")]
+        public Size Resolution { get => PreviewPanel.Resolution; set => PreviewPanel.Resolution = value; }
+
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(PointFConverter))]
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("画面中心点")]
+        public PointF Center { get => PreviewPanel.Center; set => PreviewPanel.Center = value; }
+
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("缩放")]
+        public float Zoom { get => PreviewPanel.Zoom; set => PreviewPanel.Zoom = value; }
+
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("旋转")]
+        public float Rotation { get => PreviewPanel.Rotation; set => PreviewPanel.Rotation = value; }
+
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("水平翻转")]
+        public bool FlipX { get => PreviewPanel.FlipX; set => PreviewPanel.FlipX = value; }
+
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("垂直翻转")]
+        public bool FlipY { get => PreviewPanel.FlipY; set => PreviewPanel.FlipY = value; }
+
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("仅渲染选中")]
+        public bool RenderSelectedOnly { get => PreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly; set => PreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly = value; }
+
+        [Category("[1] 预览"), DisplayName("显示坐标轴")]
+        public bool ShowAxis { get => PreviewPanel.ShowAxis; set => PreviewPanel.ShowAxis = value; }
+
+        [Category("[1] 预览"), DisplayName("最大帧率")]
+        public uint MaxFps { get => PreviewPanel.MaxFps; set => PreviewPanel.MaxFps = value; }
+    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SpinePreviewPanel.resx
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SpinePreviewPanel.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!--
+    Microsoft ResX Schema
+
+    Version 2.0
+
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes
+    associated with the data types.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple
+    name/value pairs.
+
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture.
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the
+    mimetype set.
+
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <metadata name="imageList.TrayLocation" type="System.Drawing.Point, System.Drawing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a">
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+  </metadata>
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+  </data>
+  <metadata name="toolTip.TrayLocation" type="System.Drawing.Point, System.Drawing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a">
+    <value>165, 17</value>
+  </metadata>
+</root>
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SpinePreviewer.resx
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SpinePreviewer.resx
@@ -1,326 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<root>
-  <!--
-    Microsoft ResX Schema
-
-    Version 2.0
-
-    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format
-    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the
-    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes
-    associated with the data types.
-
-    Example:
-
-    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
-    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
-    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
-    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
-    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
-    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
-    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
-    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
-        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
-    </data>
-    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
-        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
-        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
-    </data>
-
-    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple
-    name/value pairs.
-
-    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a
-    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support
-    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture.
-    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the
-    mimetype set.
-
-    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the
-    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not
-    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
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-    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format
-    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can
-    read any of the formats listed below.
-
-    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
-    value   : The object must be serialized with
-            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
-            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
-
-    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
-    value   : The object must be serialized with
-            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
-            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
-
-    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
-    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array
-            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
-            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
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-        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
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-            <xsd:complexType>
-              <xsd:sequence>
-                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
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-              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
-              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
-              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
-              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
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-          </xsd:element>
-          <xsd:element name="assembly">
-            <xsd:complexType>
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-              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
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-          </xsd:element>
-          <xsd:element name="data">
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-              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
-              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
-              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
-              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
-            </xsd:complexType>
-          </xsd:element>
-          <xsd:element name="resheader">
-            <xsd:complexType>
-              <xsd:sequence>
-                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
-              </xsd:sequence>
-              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
-            </xsd:complexType>
-          </xsd:element>
-        </xsd:choice>
-      </xsd:complexType>
-    </xsd:element>
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-  <resheader name="resmimetype">
-    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
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-  <resheader name="version">
-    <value>2.0</value>
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-  <resheader name="reader">
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-  <resheader name="writer">
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-</value>
-  </data>
-  <metadata name="toolTip.TrayLocation" type="System.Drawing.Point, System.Drawing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a">
-    <value>165, 17</value>
-  </metadata>
-</root>
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SpineViewPropertyGrid.Designer.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SpineViewPropertyGrid.Designer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+namespace SpineViewer.Controls
+{
+    partial class SpineViewPropertyGrid
+    {
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// 必需的设计器变量。
+        /// </summary>
+        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源，为 true；否则为 false。</param>
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (disposing && (components != null))
+            {
+                components.Dispose();
+            }
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+        }
+
+        #region 组件设计器生成的代码
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要修改
+        /// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
+        /// </summary>
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
+            tabControl = new TabControl();
+            tabPage_BaseInfo = new TabPage();
+            propertyGrid_BaseInfo = new PropertyGrid();
+            tabPage_Render = new TabPage();
+            propertyGrid_Render = new PropertyGrid();
+            tabPage_Transform = new TabPage();
+            propertyGrid_Transform = new PropertyGrid();
+            tabPage_Skin = new TabPage();
+            propertyGrid_Skin = new PropertyGrid();
+            contextMenuStrip_Skin = new ContextMenuStrip(components);
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            tabPage_Animation = new TabPage();
+            propertyGrid_Animation = new PropertyGrid();
+            contextMenuStrip_Animation = new ContextMenuStrip(components);
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            tabPage_Debug = new TabPage();
+            propertyGrid_Debug = new PropertyGrid();
+            tabControl.SuspendLayout();
+            tabPage_BaseInfo.SuspendLayout();
+            tabPage_Render.SuspendLayout();
+            tabPage_Transform.SuspendLayout();
+            tabPage_Skin.SuspendLayout();
+            contextMenuStrip_Skin.SuspendLayout();
+            tabPage_Animation.SuspendLayout();
+            contextMenuStrip_Animation.SuspendLayout();
+            tabPage_Debug.SuspendLayout();
+            SuspendLayout();
+            // 
+            // tabControl
+            // 
+            tabControl.Alignment = TabAlignment.Bottom;
+            tabControl.Controls.Add(tabPage_BaseInfo);
+            tabControl.Controls.Add(tabPage_Render);
+            tabControl.Controls.Add(tabPage_Transform);
+            tabControl.Controls.Add(tabPage_Skin);
+            tabControl.Controls.Add(tabPage_Animation);
+            tabControl.Controls.Add(tabPage_Debug);
+            tabControl.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            tabControl.ItemSize = new Size(90, 35);
+            tabControl.Location = new Point(0, 0);
+            tabControl.Multiline = true;
+            tabControl.Name = "tabControl";
+            tabControl.Padding = new Point(0, 0);
+            tabControl.SelectedIndex = 0;
+            tabControl.Size = new Size(372, 448);
+            tabControl.SizeMode = TabSizeMode.FillToRight;
+            tabControl.TabIndex = 0;
+            // 
+            // tabPage_BaseInfo
+            // 
+            tabPage_BaseInfo.BackColor = SystemColors.Control;
+            tabPage_BaseInfo.Controls.Add(propertyGrid_BaseInfo);
+            tabPage_BaseInfo.Location = new Point(4, 4);
+            tabPage_BaseInfo.Margin = new Padding(0);
+            tabPage_BaseInfo.Name = "tabPage_BaseInfo";
+            tabPage_BaseInfo.Size = new Size(364, 370);
+            tabPage_BaseInfo.TabIndex = 0;
+            tabPage_BaseInfo.Text = "基本信息";
+            // 
+            // propertyGrid_BaseInfo
+            // 
+            propertyGrid_BaseInfo.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            propertyGrid_BaseInfo.HelpVisible = false;
+            propertyGrid_BaseInfo.Location = new Point(0, 0);
+            propertyGrid_BaseInfo.Name = "propertyGrid_BaseInfo";
+            propertyGrid_BaseInfo.PropertySort = PropertySort.Alphabetical;
+            propertyGrid_BaseInfo.Size = new Size(364, 370);
+            propertyGrid_BaseInfo.TabIndex = 0;
+            propertyGrid_BaseInfo.ToolbarVisible = false;
+            // 
+            // tabPage_Render
+            // 
+            tabPage_Render.BackColor = SystemColors.Control;
+            tabPage_Render.Controls.Add(propertyGrid_Render);
+            tabPage_Render.Location = new Point(4, 4);
+            tabPage_Render.Margin = new Padding(0);
+            tabPage_Render.Name = "tabPage_Render";
+            tabPage_Render.Size = new Size(364, 380);
+            tabPage_Render.TabIndex = 1;
+            tabPage_Render.Text = "渲染";
+            // 
+            // propertyGrid_Render
+            // 
+            propertyGrid_Render.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            propertyGrid_Render.HelpVisible = false;
+            propertyGrid_Render.Location = new Point(0, 0);
+            propertyGrid_Render.Name = "propertyGrid_Render";
+            propertyGrid_Render.PropertySort = PropertySort.Alphabetical;
+            propertyGrid_Render.Size = new Size(364, 380);
+            propertyGrid_Render.TabIndex = 1;
+            propertyGrid_Render.ToolbarVisible = false;
+            // 
+            // tabPage_Transform
+            // 
+            tabPage_Transform.BackColor = SystemColors.Control;
+            tabPage_Transform.Controls.Add(propertyGrid_Transform);
+            tabPage_Transform.Location = new Point(4, 4);
+            tabPage_Transform.Margin = new Padding(0);
+            tabPage_Transform.Name = "tabPage_Transform";
+            tabPage_Transform.Size = new Size(364, 380);
+            tabPage_Transform.TabIndex = 2;
+            tabPage_Transform.Text = "变换";
+            // 
+            // propertyGrid_Transform
+            // 
+            propertyGrid_Transform.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            propertyGrid_Transform.HelpVisible = false;
+            propertyGrid_Transform.Location = new Point(0, 0);
+            propertyGrid_Transform.Name = "propertyGrid_Transform";
+            propertyGrid_Transform.PropertySort = PropertySort.Alphabetical;
+            propertyGrid_Transform.Size = new Size(364, 380);
+            propertyGrid_Transform.TabIndex = 1;
+            propertyGrid_Transform.ToolbarVisible = false;
+            // 
+            // tabPage_Skin
+            // 
+            tabPage_Skin.BackColor = SystemColors.Control;
+            tabPage_Skin.Controls.Add(propertyGrid_Skin);
+            tabPage_Skin.Location = new Point(4, 4);
+            tabPage_Skin.Margin = new Padding(0);
+            tabPage_Skin.Name = "tabPage_Skin";
+            tabPage_Skin.Size = new Size(364, 380);
+            tabPage_Skin.TabIndex = 3;
+            tabPage_Skin.Text = "皮肤";
+            // 
+            // propertyGrid_Skin
+            // 
+            propertyGrid_Skin.ContextMenuStrip = contextMenuStrip_Skin;
+            propertyGrid_Skin.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            propertyGrid_Skin.HelpVisible = false;
+            propertyGrid_Skin.Location = new Point(0, 0);
+            propertyGrid_Skin.Name = "propertyGrid_Skin";
+            propertyGrid_Skin.PropertySort = PropertySort.NoSort;
+            propertyGrid_Skin.Size = new Size(364, 380);
+            propertyGrid_Skin.TabIndex = 1;
+            propertyGrid_Skin.ToolbarVisible = false;
+            // 
+            // contextMenuStrip_Skin
+            // 
+            contextMenuStrip_Skin.ImageScalingSize = new Size(24, 24);
+            contextMenuStrip_Skin.Items.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin, toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin });
+            contextMenuStrip_Skin.Name = "contextMenuStrip1";
+            contextMenuStrip_Skin.Size = new Size(117, 64);
+            contextMenuStrip_Skin.Opening += contextMenuStrip_Skin_Opening;
+            // 
+            // toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin
+            // 
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin";
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin.Size = new Size(116, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin.Text = "添加";
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin.Click += toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin_Click;
+            // 
+            // toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin
+            // 
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin";
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin.Size = new Size(116, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin.Text = "移除";
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin.Click += toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin_Click;
+            // 
+            // tabPage_Animation
+            // 
+            tabPage_Animation.BackColor = SystemColors.Control;
+            tabPage_Animation.Controls.Add(propertyGrid_Animation);
+            tabPage_Animation.Location = new Point(4, 4);
+            tabPage_Animation.Margin = new Padding(0);
+            tabPage_Animation.Name = "tabPage_Animation";
+            tabPage_Animation.Size = new Size(364, 380);
+            tabPage_Animation.TabIndex = 4;
+            tabPage_Animation.Text = "动画";
+            // 
+            // propertyGrid_Animation
+            // 
+            propertyGrid_Animation.ContextMenuStrip = contextMenuStrip_Animation;
+            propertyGrid_Animation.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            propertyGrid_Animation.HelpVisible = false;
+            propertyGrid_Animation.Location = new Point(0, 0);
+            propertyGrid_Animation.Name = "propertyGrid_Animation";
+            propertyGrid_Animation.PropertySort = PropertySort.NoSort;
+            propertyGrid_Animation.Size = new Size(364, 380);
+            propertyGrid_Animation.TabIndex = 1;
+            propertyGrid_Animation.ToolbarVisible = false;
+            // 
+            // contextMenuStrip_Animation
+            // 
+            contextMenuStrip_Animation.ImageScalingSize = new Size(24, 24);
+            contextMenuStrip_Animation.Items.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation, toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation });
+            contextMenuStrip_Animation.Name = "contextMenuStrip1";
+            contextMenuStrip_Animation.Size = new Size(117, 64);
+            contextMenuStrip_Animation.Opening += contextMenuStrip_Animation_Opening;
+            // 
+            // toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation
+            // 
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation";
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation.Size = new Size(116, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation.Text = "添加";
+            toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation.Click += toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation_Click;
+            // 
+            // toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation
+            // 
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation";
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation.Size = new Size(116, 30);
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation.Text = "移除";
+            toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation.Click += toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation_Click;
+            // 
+            // tabPage_Debug
+            // 
+            tabPage_Debug.BackColor = SystemColors.Control;
+            tabPage_Debug.Controls.Add(propertyGrid_Debug);
+            tabPage_Debug.Location = new Point(4, 4);
+            tabPage_Debug.Name = "tabPage_Debug";
+            tabPage_Debug.Size = new Size(364, 380);
+            tabPage_Debug.TabIndex = 5;
+            tabPage_Debug.Text = "调试";
+            // 
+            // propertyGrid_Debug
+            // 
+            propertyGrid_Debug.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            propertyGrid_Debug.HelpVisible = false;
+            propertyGrid_Debug.Location = new Point(0, 0);
+            propertyGrid_Debug.Name = "propertyGrid_Debug";
+            propertyGrid_Debug.PropertySort = PropertySort.NoSort;
+            propertyGrid_Debug.Size = new Size(364, 380);
+            propertyGrid_Debug.TabIndex = 2;
+            propertyGrid_Debug.ToolbarVisible = false;
+            // 
+            // SpinePropertyGrid
+            // 
+            AutoScaleDimensions = new SizeF(11F, 24F);
+            AutoScaleMode = AutoScaleMode.Font;
+            Controls.Add(tabControl);
+            Name = "SpinePropertyGrid";
+            Size = new Size(372, 448);
+            tabControl.ResumeLayout(false);
+            tabPage_BaseInfo.ResumeLayout(false);
+            tabPage_Render.ResumeLayout(false);
+            tabPage_Transform.ResumeLayout(false);
+            tabPage_Skin.ResumeLayout(false);
+            contextMenuStrip_Skin.ResumeLayout(false);
+            tabPage_Animation.ResumeLayout(false);
+            contextMenuStrip_Animation.ResumeLayout(false);
+            tabPage_Debug.ResumeLayout(false);
+            ResumeLayout(false);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        private TabControl tabControl;
+        private TabPage tabPage_BaseInfo;
+        private TabPage tabPage_Render;
+        private TabPage tabPage_Transform;
+        private TabPage tabPage_Skin;
+        private TabPage tabPage_Animation;
+        private PropertyGrid propertyGrid_BaseInfo;
+        private PropertyGrid propertyGrid_Render;
+        private PropertyGrid propertyGrid_Transform;
+        private PropertyGrid propertyGrid_Skin;
+        private PropertyGrid propertyGrid_Animation;
+        private ContextMenuStrip contextMenuStrip_Skin;
+        private ContextMenuStrip contextMenuStrip_Animation;
+        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin;
+        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin;
+        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation;
+        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation;
+        private TabPage tabPage_Debug;
+        private PropertyGrid propertyGrid_Debug;
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SpineViewPropertyGrid.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SpineViewPropertyGrid.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Data;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Windows.Forms;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using SpineViewer.Spine.SpineView;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Controls
+{
+    public partial class SpineViewPropertyGrid : UserControl
+    {
+        public SpineViewPropertyGrid()
+        {
+            InitializeComponent();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 设置选中的对象列表, 可以赋值 null 来清空选中, 行为与 PropertyGrid.SelectedObjects 类似
+        /// </summary>
+        public SpineObjectProperty[] SelectedSpines
+        {
+            get => selectedSpines ?? [];
+            set
+            {
+                if (value is null || value.Length <= 0)
+                {
+                    selectedSpines = null;
+                    propertyGrid_BaseInfo.SelectedObject = null;
+                    propertyGrid_Render.SelectedObject = null;
+                    propertyGrid_Transform.SelectedObject = null;
+                    propertyGrid_Skin.SelectedObject = null;
+                    propertyGrid_Animation.SelectedObject = null;
+                    propertyGrid_Debug.SelectedObject = null;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    selectedSpines = value;
+                    propertyGrid_BaseInfo.SelectedObjects = value.Select(e => e.BaseInfo).ToArray();
+                    propertyGrid_Render.SelectedObjects = value.Select(e => e.Render).ToArray();
+                    propertyGrid_Transform.SelectedObjects = value.Select(e => e.Transform).ToArray();
+                    propertyGrid_Skin.SelectedObjects = value.Select(e => e.Skin).ToArray();
+                    propertyGrid_Animation.SelectedObjects = value.Select(e => e.Animation).ToArray();
+                    propertyGrid_Debug.SelectedObjects = value.Select(e => e.Debug).ToArray();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        private SpineObjectProperty[]? selectedSpines = null;
+
+        private void contextMenuStrip_Skin_Opening(object sender, CancelEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (selectedSpines?.Length == 1)
+            {
+                toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin.Enabled = true;
+                toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin.Enabled = propertyGrid_Skin.SelectedGridItem.Value is SkinNameProperty;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin.Enabled = false;
+                toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin.Enabled = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void contextMenuStrip_Animation_Opening(object sender, CancelEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (selectedSpines?.Length == 1)
+            {
+                toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation.Enabled = true;
+                toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation.Enabled = propertyGrid_Animation.SelectedGridItem.Value is TrackAnimationProperty;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation.Enabled = false;
+                toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation.Enabled = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_AddSkin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (selectedSpines?.Length != 1) return;
+
+            var spine = selectedSpines[0].Skin.Spine;
+
+            if (spine.SkinNames.Count <= 0)
+            {
+                MessagePopup.Info("没有可用的皮肤");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            spine.LoadSkin(spine.SkinNames[0]);
+            propertyGrid_Skin.Refresh();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_RemoveSkin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (selectedSpines?.Length != 1) return;
+
+            if (propertyGrid_Skin.SelectedGridItem.Value is SkinNameProperty wrapper)
+            {
+                selectedSpines[0].Skin.Spine.UnloadSkin(wrapper.Index);
+                propertyGrid_Skin.Refresh();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_AddAnimation_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (selectedSpines?.Length != 1) return;
+
+            var spine = selectedSpines[0].Animation.Spine;
+            spine.SetAnimation(spine.GetTrackIndices().Max() + 1, spine.AnimationNames[0]);
+            propertyGrid_Animation.Refresh();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_RemoveAnimation_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (selectedSpines?.Length != 1) return;
+
+            if (propertyGrid_Animation.SelectedGridItem.Value is TrackAnimationProperty wrapper)
+            {
+                selectedSpines[0].Animation.Spine.ClearTrack(wrapper.Index);
+                propertyGrid_Animation.Refresh();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void Refresh()
+        {
+            base.Refresh();
+            propertyGrid_BaseInfo.Refresh();
+            propertyGrid_Render.Refresh();
+            propertyGrid_Transform.Refresh();
+            propertyGrid_Skin.Refresh();
+            propertyGrid_Animation.Refresh();
+            propertyGrid_Debug.Refresh();
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Controls/SpineViewPropertyGrid.resx
+++ b/SpineViewer/Controls/SpineViewPropertyGrid.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!--
+    Microsoft ResX Schema
+
+    Version 2.0
+
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes
+    associated with the data types.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple
+    name/value pairs.
+
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture.
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the
+    mimetype set.
+
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <metadata name="contextMenuStrip_Skin.TrayLocation" type="System.Drawing.Point, System.Drawing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a">
+    <value>29, 26</value>
+  </metadata>
+  <metadata name="contextMenuStrip_Animation.TrayLocation" type="System.Drawing.Point, System.Drawing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a">
+    <value>318, 25</value>
+  </metadata>
+</root>
--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/AboutDialog.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/AboutDialog.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Diagnostics;
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
            else
            {
                Clipboard.SetText(url);
-                MessageBox.Info("链接已复制到剪贴板，请前往浏览器进行访问");
+                MessagePopup.Info("链接已复制到剪贴板，请前往浏览器进行访问");
            }
        }
    }
--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/BatchOpenSpineDialog.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/BatchOpenSpineDialog.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
        public BatchOpenSpineDialog()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
-            comboBox_Version.DataSource = SpineHelper.Names.ToList();
+            comboBox_Version.DataSource = SpineUtils.Names.ToList();
            comboBox_Version.DisplayMember = "Value";
            comboBox_Version.ValueMember = "Key";
            comboBox_Version.SelectedValue = SpineVersion.Auto;
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs

            if (items.Count <= 0)
            {
-                MessageBox.Info("未选择任何文件");
+                MessagePopup.Info("未选择任何文件");
                return;
            }

@@ -43,14 +44,14 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
            {
                if (!File.Exists(p))
                {
-                    MessageBox.Info($"{p}", "skel文件不存在");
+                    MessagePopup.Info($"{p}", "skel文件不存在");
                    return;
                }
            }

-            if (version != SpineVersion.Auto && !Spine.Spine.HasImplementation(version))
+            if (version != SpineVersion.Auto && !Spine.SpineObject.HasImplementation(version))
            {
-                MessageBox.Info($"{version.GetName()} 版本尚未实现（咕咕咕~）");
+                MessagePopup.Info($"{version.GetName()} 版本尚未实现（咕咕咕~）");
                return;
            }

--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ConvertFileFormatDialog.Designer.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ConvertFileFormatDialog.Designer.cs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
            System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(ConvertFileFormatDialog));
            panel = new Panel();
            tableLayoutPanel1 = new TableLayoutPanel();
+            label5 = new Label();
            comboBox_TargetVersion = new ComboBox();
            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat = new FlowLayoutPanel();
            radioButton_BinaryTarget = new RadioButton();
@@ -44,10 +45,15 @@
            button_Cancel = new Button();
            label2 = new Label();
            skelFileListBox = new SpineViewer.Controls.SkelFileListBox();
+            tableLayoutPanel3 = new TableLayoutPanel();
+            textBox_OutputDir = new TextBox();
+            button_SelectOutputDir = new Button();
+            folderBrowserDialog_Output = new FolderBrowserDialog();
            panel.SuspendLayout();
            tableLayoutPanel1.SuspendLayout();
            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.SuspendLayout();
            tableLayoutPanel2.SuspendLayout();
+            tableLayoutPanel3.SuspendLayout();
            SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // panel
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@
            panel.Location = new Point(0, 0);
            panel.Name = "panel";
            panel.Padding = new Padding(50, 15, 50, 10);
-            panel.Size = new Size(1051, 538);
+            panel.Size = new Size(1051, 702);
            panel.TabIndex = 2;
            // 
            // tableLayoutPanel1
@@ -65,34 +71,48 @@
            tableLayoutPanel1.ColumnCount = 2;
            tableLayoutPanel1.ColumnStyles.Add(new ColumnStyle());
            tableLayoutPanel1.ColumnStyles.Add(new ColumnStyle(SizeType.Percent, 100F));
-            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(comboBox_TargetVersion, 1, 3);
-            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat, 1, 4);
-            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(label1, 0, 3);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(label5, 0, 2);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(comboBox_TargetVersion, 1, 4);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat, 1, 5);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(label1, 0, 4);
            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(label4, 0, 0);
-            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(label3, 0, 2);
-            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(comboBox_SourceVersion, 1, 2);
-            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(tableLayoutPanel2, 0, 5);
-            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(label2, 0, 4);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(label3, 0, 3);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(comboBox_SourceVersion, 1, 3);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(tableLayoutPanel2, 0, 6);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(label2, 0, 5);
            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(skelFileListBox, 0, 1);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(tableLayoutPanel3, 1, 2);
            tableLayoutPanel1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            tableLayoutPanel1.Location = new Point(50, 15);
            tableLayoutPanel1.Name = "tableLayoutPanel1";
-            tableLayoutPanel1.RowCount = 6;
+            tableLayoutPanel1.RowCount = 7;
            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle());
            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle(SizeType.Percent, 100F));
            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle());
            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle());
            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle());
            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle());
-            tableLayoutPanel1.Size = new Size(951, 513);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle());
+            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle(SizeType.Absolute, 20F));
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Size = new Size(951, 677);
            tableLayoutPanel1.TabIndex = 1;
            // 
+            // label5
+            // 
+            label5.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Left | AnchorStyles.Right;
+            label5.AutoSize = true;
+            label5.Location = new Point(3, 462);
+            label5.Name = "label5";
+            label5.Size = new Size(104, 24);
+            label5.TabIndex = 23;
+            label5.Text = "输出文件夹:";
+            // 
            // comboBox_TargetVersion
            // 
            comboBox_TargetVersion.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Left;
            comboBox_TargetVersion.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;
            comboBox_TargetVersion.FormattingEnabled = true;
-            comboBox_TargetVersion.Location = new Point(95, 365);
+            comboBox_TargetVersion.Location = new Point(113, 535);
            comboBox_TargetVersion.Name = "comboBox_TargetVersion";
            comboBox_TargetVersion.Size = new Size(182, 32);
            comboBox_TargetVersion.Sorted = true;
@@ -104,9 +124,10 @@
            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.Controls.Add(radioButton_BinaryTarget);
            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.Controls.Add(radioButton_JsonTarget);
            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
-            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.Location = new Point(95, 403);
+            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.Location = new Point(110, 570);
+            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.Margin = new Padding(0);
            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.Name = "flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat";
-            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.Size = new Size(853, 34);
+            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.Size = new Size(841, 34);
            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.TabIndex = 19;
            // 
            // radioButton_BinaryTarget
@@ -135,7 +156,7 @@
            // 
            label1.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right;
            label1.AutoSize = true;
-            label1.Location = new Point(3, 369);
+            label1.Location = new Point(21, 539);
            label1.Name = "label1";
            label1.Size = new Size(86, 24);
            label1.TabIndex = 15;
@@ -151,14 +172,14 @@
            label4.Name = "label4";
            label4.Size = new Size(921, 24);
            label4.TabIndex = 14;
-            label4.Text = "说明：将在每个文件同级目录下生成目标格式后缀的文件，会覆盖已存在文件";
+            label4.Text = "说明：输出文件夹留空则在每个文件同级目录下生成目标格式后缀的文件，视情况会覆盖已存在文件";
            label4.TextAlign = ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
            // 
            // label3
            // 
            label3.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right;
            label3.AutoSize = true;
-            label3.Location = new Point(21, 331);
+            label3.Location = new Point(39, 501);
            label3.Name = "label3";
            label3.Size = new Size(68, 24);
            label3.TabIndex = 12;
@@ -169,7 +190,7 @@
            comboBox_SourceVersion.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Left;
            comboBox_SourceVersion.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;
            comboBox_SourceVersion.FormattingEnabled = true;
-            comboBox_SourceVersion.Location = new Point(95, 327);
+            comboBox_SourceVersion.Location = new Point(113, 497);
            comboBox_SourceVersion.Name = "comboBox_SourceVersion";
            comboBox_SourceVersion.Size = new Size(182, 32);
            comboBox_SourceVersion.Sorted = true;
@@ -186,7 +207,7 @@
            tableLayoutPanel2.Controls.Add(button_Ok, 0, 0);
            tableLayoutPanel2.Controls.Add(button_Cancel, 1, 0);
            tableLayoutPanel2.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
-            tableLayoutPanel2.Location = new Point(3, 470);
+            tableLayoutPanel2.Location = new Point(3, 634);
            tableLayoutPanel2.Margin = new Padding(3, 30, 3, 3);
            tableLayoutPanel2.Name = "tableLayoutPanel2";
            tableLayoutPanel2.RowCount = 1;
@@ -222,7 +243,7 @@
            // 
            label2.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right;
            label2.AutoSize = true;
-            label2.Location = new Point(3, 408);
+            label2.Location = new Point(21, 575);
            label2.Name = "label2";
            label2.Size = new Size(86, 24);
            label2.TabIndex = 16;
@@ -234,16 +255,56 @@
            skelFileListBox.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            skelFileListBox.Location = new Point(3, 57);
            skelFileListBox.Name = "skelFileListBox";
-            skelFileListBox.Size = new Size(945, 264);
+            skelFileListBox.Size = new Size(945, 394);
            skelFileListBox.TabIndex = 20;
            // 
+            // tableLayoutPanel3
+            // 
+            tableLayoutPanel3.AutoSize = true;
+            tableLayoutPanel3.AutoSizeMode = AutoSizeMode.GrowAndShrink;
+            tableLayoutPanel3.ColumnCount = 3;
+            tableLayoutPanel3.ColumnStyles.Add(new ColumnStyle());
+            tableLayoutPanel3.ColumnStyles.Add(new ColumnStyle(SizeType.Percent, 100F));
+            tableLayoutPanel3.ColumnStyles.Add(new ColumnStyle());
+            tableLayoutPanel3.Controls.Add(textBox_OutputDir, 1, 0);
+            tableLayoutPanel3.Controls.Add(button_SelectOutputDir, 2, 0);
+            tableLayoutPanel3.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            tableLayoutPanel3.Location = new Point(110, 454);
+            tableLayoutPanel3.Margin = new Padding(0);
+            tableLayoutPanel3.Name = "tableLayoutPanel3";
+            tableLayoutPanel3.RowCount = 1;
+            tableLayoutPanel3.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle(SizeType.Percent, 100F));
+            tableLayoutPanel3.Size = new Size(841, 40);
+            tableLayoutPanel3.TabIndex = 22;
+            // 
+            // textBox_OutputDir
+            // 
+            textBox_OutputDir.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Left | AnchorStyles.Right;
+            textBox_OutputDir.Location = new Point(3, 5);
+            textBox_OutputDir.Name = "textBox_OutputDir";
+            textBox_OutputDir.Size = new Size(797, 30);
+            textBox_OutputDir.TabIndex = 1;
+            // 
+            // button_SelectOutputDir
+            // 
+            button_SelectOutputDir.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Left | AnchorStyles.Right;
+            button_SelectOutputDir.AutoSize = true;
+            button_SelectOutputDir.AutoSizeMode = AutoSizeMode.GrowAndShrink;
+            button_SelectOutputDir.Location = new Point(806, 3);
+            button_SelectOutputDir.Name = "button_SelectOutputDir";
+            button_SelectOutputDir.Size = new Size(32, 34);
+            button_SelectOutputDir.TabIndex = 2;
+            button_SelectOutputDir.Text = "...";
+            button_SelectOutputDir.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
+            button_SelectOutputDir.Click += button_SelectOutputDir_Click;
+            // 
            // ConvertFileFormatDialog
            // 
            AcceptButton = button_Ok;
            AutoScaleDimensions = new SizeF(11F, 24F);
            AutoScaleMode = AutoScaleMode.Font;
            CancelButton = button_Cancel;
-            ClientSize = new Size(1051, 538);
+            ClientSize = new Size(1051, 702);
            Controls.Add(panel);
            FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog;
            Icon = (Icon)resources.GetObject("$this.Icon");
@@ -259,6 +320,8 @@
            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.ResumeLayout(false);
            flowLayoutPanel_TargetFormat.PerformLayout();
            tableLayoutPanel2.ResumeLayout(false);
+            tableLayoutPanel3.ResumeLayout(false);
+            tableLayoutPanel3.PerformLayout();
            ResumeLayout(false);
        }

@@ -279,5 +342,10 @@
        private RadioButton radioButton_JsonTarget;
        private Controls.SkelFileListBox skelFileListBox;
        private ComboBox comboBox_TargetVersion;
+        private FolderBrowserDialog folderBrowserDialog_Output;
+        private TableLayoutPanel tableLayoutPanel3;
+        private TextBox textBox_OutputDir;
+        private Button button_SelectOutputDir;
+        private Label label5;
    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ConvertFileFormatDialog.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ConvertFileFormatDialog.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using NLog;
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -13,6 +15,8 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
 {
    public partial class ConvertFileFormatDialog : Form
    {
+        private readonly Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+
        /// <summary>
        /// 对话框结果, 取消时为 null
        /// </summary>
@@ -22,13 +26,13 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
        {
            InitializeComponent();

-            comboBox_SourceVersion.DataSource = SpineHelper.Names.ToList();
+            comboBox_SourceVersion.DataSource = SpineUtils.Names.ToList();
            comboBox_SourceVersion.DisplayMember = "Value";
            comboBox_SourceVersion.ValueMember = "Key";
            comboBox_SourceVersion.SelectedValue = SpineVersion.Auto;

            // 目标版本不包含自动
-            var versionsWithoutAuto = SpineHelper.Names.ToDictionary();
+            var versionsWithoutAuto = SpineUtils.Names.ToDictionary();
            versionsWithoutAuto.Remove(SpineVersion.Auto);
            comboBox_TargetVersion.DataSource = versionsWithoutAuto.ToList();
            comboBox_TargetVersion.DisplayMember = "Value";
@@ -36,8 +40,17 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
            comboBox_TargetVersion.SelectedValue = SpineVersion.V38;
        }

+        private void button_SelectOutputDir_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (folderBrowserDialog_Output.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            textBox_OutputDir.Text = Path.GetFullPath(folderBrowserDialog_Output.SelectedPath);
+        }
+
        private void button_Ok_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
+            var outputDir = textBox_OutputDir.Text;
            var sourceVersion = (SpineVersion)comboBox_SourceVersion.SelectedValue;
            var targetVersion = (SpineVersion)comboBox_TargetVersion.SelectedValue;
            var jsonTarget = radioButton_JsonTarget.Checked;
@@ -46,32 +59,62 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs

            if (items.Count <= 0)
            {
-                MessageBox.Info("未选择任何文件");
+                MessagePopup.Info("未选择任何文件");
                return;
            }

+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(outputDir))
+            {
+                outputDir = null;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                outputDir = Path.GetFullPath(outputDir);
+                if (!Directory.Exists(outputDir))
+                {
+                    if (MessagePopup.Quest("输出文件夹不存在，是否创建？") == DialogResult.OK)
+                    {
+                        try
+                        {
+                            Directory.CreateDirectory(outputDir);
+                        }
+                        catch (Exception ex)
+                        {
+                            logger.Error(ex.ToString());
+                            logger.Error("Failed to create output dir {}", outputDir);
+                            MessagePopup.Error(ex.ToString());
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
            foreach (string p in items)
            {
                if (!File.Exists(p))
                {
-                    MessageBox.Info($"{p}", "skel文件不存在");
+                    MessagePopup.Info($"{p}", "skel文件不存在");
                    return;
                }
            }

            if (sourceVersion != SpineVersion.Auto && !SkeletonConverter.HasImplementation(sourceVersion))
            {
-                MessageBox.Info($"{sourceVersion.GetName()} 版本尚未实现（咕咕咕~）");
+                MessagePopup.Info($"{sourceVersion.GetName()} 版本尚未实现（咕咕咕~）");
                return;
            }

            if (!SkeletonConverter.HasImplementation(targetVersion))
            {
-                MessageBox.Info($"{targetVersion.GetName()} 版本尚未实现（咕咕咕~）");
+                MessagePopup.Info($"{targetVersion.GetName()} 版本尚未实现（咕咕咕~）");
                return;
            }

-            Result = new(items.Cast<string>().ToArray(), sourceVersion, targetVersion, jsonTarget);
+            Result = new(outputDir, items.Cast<string>().ToArray(), sourceVersion, targetVersion, jsonTarget);
            DialogResult = DialogResult.OK;
        }

@@ -84,8 +127,13 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
    /// <summary>
    /// 文件格式转换对话框结果包装类
    /// </summary>
-    public class ConvertFileFormatDialogResult(string[] skelPaths, SpineVersion sourceVersion, SpineVersion targetVersion, bool jsonTarget)
+    public class ConvertFileFormatDialogResult(string? outputDir, string[] skelPaths, SpineVersion sourceVersion, SpineVersion targetVersion, bool jsonTarget)
    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 输出文件夹, 如果为空, 则将转换后的文件转换到各自的文件夹下
+        /// </summary>
+        public string? OutputDir => outputDir;
+
        /// <summary>
        /// 骨骼文件路径列表
        /// </summary>
--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ConvertFileFormatDialog.resx
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ConvertFileFormatDialog.resx
@@ -117,6 +117,9 @@
  <resheader name="writer">
    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
  </resheader>
+  <metadata name="folderBrowserDialog_Output.TrayLocation" type="System.Drawing.Point, System.Drawing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a">
+    <value>36, 22</value>
+  </metadata>
  <assembly alias="System.Drawing" name="System.Drawing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
  <data name="$this.Icon" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
    <value>
--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/DiagnosticsDialog.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/DiagnosticsDialog.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Microsoft.Win32;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
            var properties = selectedObject.GetType().GetProperties();
            var result = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, properties.Select(p => $"{p.Name}\t{p.GetValue(selectedObject)?.ToString()}"));
            Clipboard.SetText(result);
-            MessageBox.Info("已复制");
+            MessagePopup.Info("已复制");
        }
    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ExportDialog.Designer.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ExportDialog.Designer.cs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
            panel1.Location = new Point(0, 0);
            panel1.Name = "panel1";
            panel1.Padding = new Padding(50, 15, 50, 10);
-            panel1.Size = new Size(710, 698);
+            panel1.Size = new Size(793, 841);
            panel1.TabIndex = 2;
            // 
            // tableLayoutPanel1
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle());
            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle(SizeType.Absolute, 20F));
            tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle(SizeType.Absolute, 20F));
-            tableLayoutPanel1.Size = new Size(610, 673);
+            tableLayoutPanel1.Size = new Size(693, 816);
            tableLayoutPanel1.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // propertyGrid_ExportArgs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
            propertyGrid_ExportArgs.Location = new Point(3, 3);
            propertyGrid_ExportArgs.Name = "propertyGrid_ExportArgs";
            propertyGrid_ExportArgs.PropertySort = PropertySort.Categorized;
-            propertyGrid_ExportArgs.Size = new Size(604, 594);
+            propertyGrid_ExportArgs.Size = new Size(687, 737);
            propertyGrid_ExportArgs.TabIndex = 1;
            propertyGrid_ExportArgs.ToolbarVisible = false;
            // 
@@ -88,18 +88,18 @@
            tableLayoutPanel2.Controls.Add(button_Ok, 0, 0);
            tableLayoutPanel2.Controls.Add(button_Cancel, 1, 0);
            tableLayoutPanel2.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom;
-            tableLayoutPanel2.Location = new Point(3, 630);
+            tableLayoutPanel2.Location = new Point(3, 773);
            tableLayoutPanel2.Margin = new Padding(3, 30, 3, 3);
            tableLayoutPanel2.Name = "tableLayoutPanel2";
            tableLayoutPanel2.RowCount = 1;
            tableLayoutPanel2.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle());
-            tableLayoutPanel2.Size = new Size(604, 40);
+            tableLayoutPanel2.Size = new Size(687, 40);
            tableLayoutPanel2.TabIndex = 10;
            // 
            // button_Ok
            // 
            button_Ok.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Bottom | AnchorStyles.Right;
-            button_Ok.Location = new Point(160, 3);
+            button_Ok.Location = new Point(201, 3);
            button_Ok.Margin = new Padding(3, 3, 30, 3);
            button_Ok.Name = "button_Ok";
            button_Ok.Size = new Size(112, 34);
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
            // button_Cancel
            // 
            button_Cancel.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Bottom | AnchorStyles.Left;
-            button_Cancel.Location = new Point(332, 3);
+            button_Cancel.Location = new Point(373, 3);
            button_Cancel.Margin = new Padding(30, 3, 3, 3);
            button_Cancel.Name = "button_Cancel";
            button_Cancel.Size = new Size(112, 34);
@@ -126,9 +126,8 @@
            AutoScaleDimensions = new SizeF(11F, 24F);
            AutoScaleMode = AutoScaleMode.Font;
            CancelButton = button_Cancel;
-            ClientSize = new Size(710, 698);
+            ClientSize = new Size(793, 841);
            Controls.Add(panel1);
-            FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog;
            Icon = (Icon)resources.GetObject("$this.Icon");
            MaximizeBox = false;
            MinimizeBox = false;
--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ExportDialog.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ExportDialog.cs
@@ -1,84 +1,71 @@
-using SpineViewer.Exporter;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Data;
 using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.Drawing;
-using System.Drawing.Design;
-using System.Drawing.Imaging;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using System.Windows.Forms;
+using SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter;

 namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
 {
-    public partial class ExportDialog: Form
+    public partial class ExportDialog : Form
    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 要绑定的导出参数
-        /// </summary>
-        public required ExportArgs ExportArgs
-        {
-            get => propertyGrid_ExportArgs.SelectedObject as ExportArgs;
-            init
-            {
-                propertyGrid_ExportArgs.SelectedObject = value;
+        private readonly ExporterProperty wrapper;

-                #region XXX: 通过反射默认高亮指定的项
-                var categories = propertyGrid_ExportArgs.SelectedGridItem?.Parent?.Parent?.GridItems;
-                if (categories is null) return;
-
-                foreach (var category in categories)
-                {
-                    // 查找 "导出" 分组
-                    if (category == null) continue;
-                    PropertyInfo? labelProp = category.GetType().GetProperty("Label", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
-                    if (labelProp == null) continue;
-                    string? label = labelProp.GetValue(category) as string;
-                    if (label != "[0] 导出") continue;
-
-                    // 获取该分组下的所有属性项
-                    PropertyInfo? gridItemsProp = category.GetType().GetProperty("GridItems", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
-                    if (gridItemsProp == null) continue;
-                    var gridItemsObj = gridItemsProp.GetValue(category);
-                    if (gridItemsObj is not IEnumerable gridItems) continue;
-
-                    foreach (object item in gridItems)
-                    {
-                        if (item == null) continue;
-                        PropertyInfo? propDescProp = item.GetType().GetProperty("PropertyDescriptor", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
-                        if (propDescProp == null) continue;
-                        var propDesc = propDescProp.GetValue(item) as PropertyDescriptor;
-                        if (propDesc == null) continue;
-                        if (propDesc.Name == "OutputDir")
-                        {
-
-                            if (item is GridItem gridItem)
-                                propertyGrid_ExportArgs.SelectedGridItem = gridItem; // 找到后，将此项设为选中项
-                            else
-                                propertyGrid_ExportArgs.SelectedGridItem = (GridItem)item; // 如果转换失败，则尝试直接赋值
-                        }
-                        return; // 设置成功后退出
-                    }
-                }
-                #endregion
-            }
-        }
-
-        public ExportDialog()
+        public ExportDialog(ExporterProperty wrapper)
        {
            InitializeComponent();
+            this.wrapper = wrapper;
+            propertyGrid_ExportArgs.SelectedObject = wrapper;
+
+            #region XXX: 通过反射默认高亮指定的项
+            var categories = propertyGrid_ExportArgs.SelectedGridItem?.Parent?.Parent?.GridItems;
+            if (categories is null) return;
+
+            foreach (var category in categories)
+            {
+                // 查找 "导出" 分组
+                if (category == null) continue;
+                PropertyInfo? labelProp = category.GetType().GetProperty("Label", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
+                if (labelProp == null) continue;
+                string? label = labelProp.GetValue(category) as string;
+                if (label != "[0] 导出") continue;
+
+                // 获取该分组下的所有属性项
+                PropertyInfo? gridItemsProp = category.GetType().GetProperty("GridItems", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
+                if (gridItemsProp == null) continue;
+                var gridItemsObj = gridItemsProp.GetValue(category);
+                if (gridItemsObj is not IEnumerable gridItems) continue;
+
+                foreach (object item in gridItems)
+                {
+                    if (item == null) continue;
+                    PropertyInfo? propDescProp = item.GetType().GetProperty("PropertyDescriptor", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
+                    if (propDescProp == null) continue;
+                    var propDesc = propDescProp.GetValue(item) as PropertyDescriptor;
+                    if (propDesc == null) continue;
+                    if (propDesc.Name == "OutputDir")
+                    {
+
+                        if (item is GridItem gridItem)
+                            propertyGrid_ExportArgs.SelectedGridItem = gridItem; // 找到后，将此项设为选中项
+                        else
+                            propertyGrid_ExportArgs.SelectedGridItem = (GridItem)item; // 如果转换失败，则尝试直接赋值
+                    }
+                    return; // 设置成功后退出
+                }
+            }
+            #endregion
        }

        private void button_Ok_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
-            if (ExportArgs.Validate() is string error)
-            { 
-                MessageBox.Info(error, "参数错误");
+            if (wrapper.Exporter.Validate() is string error)
+            {
+                MessagePopup.Info(error, "参数错误");
                return;
            }
            DialogResult = DialogResult.OK;
--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/OpenSpineDialog.Designer.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/OpenSpineDialog.Designer.cs
@@ -232,14 +232,14 @@
            // 
            openFileDialog_Skel.AddExtension = false;
            openFileDialog_Skel.AddToRecent = false;
-            openFileDialog_Skel.Filter = "skel 文件 (*.skel; *.json)|*.skel;*.json|二进制文件 (*.skel)|*.skel|文本文件 (*.json)|*.json|所有文件 (*.*)|*.*";
+            openFileDialog_Skel.Filter = "所有文件 (*.*)|*.*|skel 文件 (*.skel; *.json)|*.skel;*.json";
            openFileDialog_Skel.Title = "选择skel文件";
            // 
            // openFileDialog_Atlas
            // 
            openFileDialog_Atlas.AddExtension = false;
            openFileDialog_Atlas.AddToRecent = false;
-            openFileDialog_Atlas.Filter = "atlas 文件 (*.atlas)|*.atlas|所有文件 (*.*)|*.*";
+            openFileDialog_Atlas.Filter = "所有文件 (*.*)|*.*|atlas 文件 (*.atlas)|*.atlas";
            openFileDialog_Atlas.Title = "选择atlas文件";
            // 
            // OpenSpineDialog
--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/OpenSpineDialog.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/OpenSpineDialog.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
        public OpenSpineDialog()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
-            comboBox_Version.DataSource = SpineHelper.Names.ToList();
+            comboBox_Version.DataSource = SpineUtils.Names.ToList();
            comboBox_Version.DisplayMember = "Value";
            comboBox_Version.ValueMember = "Key";
            comboBox_Version.SelectedValue = SpineVersion.Auto;
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs

            if (!File.Exists(skelPath))
            {
-                MessageBox.Info($"{skelPath}", "skel文件不存在");
+                MessagePopup.Info($"{skelPath}", "skel文件不存在");
                return;
            }
            else
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
            }
            else if (!File.Exists(atlasPath))
            {
-                MessageBox.Info($"{atlasPath}", "atlas文件不存在");
+                MessagePopup.Info($"{atlasPath}", "atlas文件不存在");
                return;
            }
            else
@@ -79,9 +80,9 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
                atlasPath = Path.GetFullPath(atlasPath);
            }

-            if (version != SpineVersion.Auto && !Spine.Spine.HasImplementation(version))
+            if (version != SpineVersion.Auto && !Spine.SpineObject.HasImplementation(version))
            {
-                MessageBox.Info($"{version.GetName()} 版本尚未实现（咕咕咕~）");
+                MessagePopup.Info($"{version.GetName()} 版本尚未实现（咕咕咕~）");
                return;
            }

--- a/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ProgressDialog.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Dialogs/ProgressDialog.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using NLog;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
 {
    public partial class ProgressDialog : Form
    {
-        private Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+        private readonly Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();

        public ProgressDialog()
        {
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Dialogs
            if (e.Error != null)
            {
                logger.Error(e.Error.ToString());
-                MessageBox.Error(e.Error.ToString(), "执行出错");
+                MessagePopup.Error(e.Error.ToString(), "执行出错");
                DialogResult = DialogResult.Abort;
            }
            else if (e.Cancelled)
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/ExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/ExportArgs.cs
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-using SpineViewer.Spine;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Drawing.Design;
-using System.Drawing.Imaging;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Reflection;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 导出参数基类
-    /// </summary>
-    public abstract class ExportArgs : ImplementationResolver<ExportArgs, ExportImplementationAttribute, ExportType>
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 创建指定类型导出参数
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="exportType">导出类型</param>
-        /// <param name="resolution">分辨率</param>
-        /// <param name="view">导出视图</param>
-        /// <param name="renderSelectedOnly">仅渲染选中</param>
-        /// <returns>返回与指定 <paramref name="exportType"/> 匹配的导出参数实例</returns>
-        public static ExportArgs New(ExportType exportType, Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly)
-            => New(exportType, [resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly]);
-
-        public ExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly)
-        {
-            Resolution = resolution;
-            View = view;
-            RenderSelectedOnly = renderSelectedOnly;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 输出文件夹
-        /// </summary>
-        [Editor(typeof(FolderNameEditor), typeof(UITypeEditor))]
-        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("输出文件夹"), Description("逐个导出时可以留空，将逐个导出到模型自身所在目录")]
-        public string? OutputDir { get; set; } = null;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 导出单个
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("导出单个"), Description("是否将模型在同一个画面上导出单个文件，否则逐个导出模型")]
-        public bool ExportSingle { get; set; } = false;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 画面分辨率
-        /// </summary>
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(SizeConverter))]
-        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("分辨率"), Description("画面的宽高像素大小，请在预览画面参数面板进行调整")]
-        public Size Resolution { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 渲染视窗
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("视图"), Description("画面的视图参数，请在预览画面参数面板进行调整")]
-        public SFML.Graphics.View View { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 是否仅渲染选中
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("仅渲染选中"), Description("是否仅导出选中的模型，请在预览画面参数面板进行调整")]
-        public bool RenderSelectedOnly { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 背景颜色
-        /// </summary>
-        [Editor(typeof(SFMLColorEditor), typeof(UITypeEditor))]
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(SFMLColorConverter))]
-        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("背景颜色"), Description("要使用的背景色, 格式为 #RRGGBBAA")]
-        public SFML.Graphics.Color BackgroundColor { get; set; } = SFML.Graphics.Color.Transparent;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 检查参数是否合法并规范化参数值, 否则返回用户错误原因
-        /// </summary>
-        public virtual string? Validate()
-        {
-            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(OutputDir) && File.Exists(OutputDir))
-                return "输出文件夹无效";
-            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(OutputDir) && !Directory.Exists(OutputDir))
-                return $"文件夹 {OutputDir} 不存在";
-            if (ExportSingle && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(OutputDir))
-                return "导出单个时必须提供输出文件夹";
-
-            OutputDir = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(OutputDir) ? null : Path.GetFullPath(OutputDir);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/ExportHelper.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/ExportHelper.cs
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-using FFMpegCore.Pipes;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Drawing.Imaging;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 导出类型
-    /// </summary>
-    public enum ExportType
-    {
-        Frame,
-        FrameSequence,
-        Gif,
-        Mp4,
-        Webm,
-        Mkv,
-        Mov,
-        Custom,
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 导出实现类标记
-    /// </summary>
-    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = false)]
-    public class ExportImplementationAttribute(ExportType exportType) : Attribute, IImplementationKey<ExportType>
-    {
-        public ExportType ImplementationKey { get; private set; } = exportType;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// SFML.Graphics.Image 帧对象包装类
-    /// </summary>
-    public class SFMLImageVideoFrame(SFML.Graphics.Image image) : IVideoFrame, IDisposable
-    {
-        public int Width => (int)image.Size.X;
-        public int Height => (int)image.Size.Y;
-        public string Format => "rgba";
-        public void Serialize(Stream pipe) => pipe.Write(image.Pixels);
-        public async Task SerializeAsync(Stream pipe, CancellationToken token) => await pipe.WriteAsync(image.Pixels, token);
-        public void Dispose() => image.Dispose();
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Save the contents of the image to a file
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="filename">Path of the file to save (overwritten if already exist)</param>
-        /// <returns>True if saving was successful</returns>
-        public bool SaveToFile(string filename) => image.SaveToFile(filename);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Save the image to a buffer in memory The format of the image must be specified.
-        /// The supported image formats are bmp, png, tga and jpg. This function fails if
-        /// the image is empty, or if the format was invalid.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="output">Byte array filled with encoded data</param>
-        /// <param name="format">Encoding format to use</param>
-        /// <returns>True if saving was successful</returns>
-        public bool SaveToMemory(out byte[] output, string format) => image.SaveToMemory(out output, format);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取 Winforms Bitmap 对象
-        /// </summary>
-        public Bitmap CopyToBitmap()
-        {
-            image.SaveToMemory(out var imgBuffer, "bmp");
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream(imgBuffer);
-            return new(new Bitmap(stream)); // 必须重复构造一个副本才能摆脱对流的依赖, 否则之后使用会报错
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 为帧导出创建的辅助类
-    /// </summary>
-    public static class ExportHelper
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 根据 Bitmap 文件格式获取合适的文件后缀
-        /// </summary>
-        public static string GetSuffix(this ImageFormat imageFormat)
-        {
-            if (imageFormat == ImageFormat.Icon) return ".ico";
-            else if (imageFormat == ImageFormat.Exif) return ".jpeg";
-            else return $".{imageFormat.ToString().ToLower()}";
-        }
-
-        #region 包围盒辅助函数
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取某个包围盒下合适的视图
-        /// </summary>
-        public static SFML.Graphics.View GetView(this RectangleF bounds, Size resolution, Padding padding)
-            => bounds.GetView((uint)resolution.Width, (uint)resolution.Height, (uint)padding.Left, (uint)padding.Right, (uint)padding.Top, (uint)padding.Bottom);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取某个包围盒下合适的视图
-        /// </summary>
-        public static SFML.Graphics.View GetView(this RectangleF bounds, uint width, uint height, Padding padding)
-            => bounds.GetView(width, height, (uint)padding.Left, (uint)padding.Right, (uint)padding.Top, (uint)padding.Bottom);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取某个包围盒下合适的视图
-        /// </summary>
-        public static SFML.Graphics.View GetView(this RectangleF bounds, Size resolution, uint paddingL = 1, uint paddingR = 1, uint paddingT = 1, uint paddingB = 1)
-            => bounds.GetView((uint)resolution.Width, (uint)resolution.Height, paddingL, paddingR, paddingT, paddingB);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取某个包围盒下合适的视图
-        /// </summary>
-        public static SFML.Graphics.View GetView(this RectangleF bounds, uint width, uint height, uint paddingL = 1, uint paddingR = 1, uint paddingT = 1, uint paddingB = 1)
-        {
-            float sizeX = bounds.Width;
-            float sizeY = bounds.Height;
-            float innerW = width - paddingL - paddingR;
-            float innerH = height - paddingT - paddingB;
-
-            float scale = 1;
-            if (sizeY / sizeX < innerH / innerW)
-                scale = sizeX / innerW; // 相同的 X, 视窗 Y 更大
-            else
-                scale = sizeY / innerH; // 相同的 Y, 视窗 X 更大
-
-            var x = bounds.X + bounds.Width / 2 + (paddingL - (float)paddingR) * scale;
-            var y = bounds.Y + bounds.Height / 2 + (paddingT - (float)paddingB) * scale;
-            var viewX = width * scale;
-            var viewY = height * scale;
-
-            return new(new(x, y), new(viewX, -viewY));
-        }
-
-        #endregion
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Exporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Exporter.cs
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-using NLog;
-using SpineViewer.Spine;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Reflection;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 导出器基类
-    /// </summary>
-    public abstract class Exporter(ExportArgs exportArgs) : ImplementationResolver<Exporter, ExportImplementationAttribute, ExportType>
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 创建指定类型导出器
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="exportType">导出类型</param>
-        /// <param name="exportArgs">与 <paramref name="exportType"/> 匹配的导出参数</param>
-        /// <returns>与 <paramref name="exportType"/> 匹配的导出器</returns>
-        public static Exporter New(ExportType exportType, ExportArgs exportArgs) => New(exportType, [exportArgs]);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 日志器
-        /// </summary>
-        protected Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 导出参数
-        /// </summary>
-        public ExportArgs ExportArgs { get; } = exportArgs;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 可用于文件名的时间戳字符串
-        /// </summary>
-        protected readonly string timestamp = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyMMddHHmmss");
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取供渲染的 SFML.Graphics.RenderTexture
-        /// </summary>
-        private SFML.Graphics.RenderTexture GetRenderTexture()
-        {
-            var tex = new SFML.Graphics.RenderTexture((uint)ExportArgs.Resolution.Width, (uint)ExportArgs.Resolution.Height);
-            tex.Clear(SFML.Graphics.Color.Transparent);
-            tex.SetView(ExportArgs.View);
-            return tex;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取单个模型的单帧画面
-        /// </summary>
-        protected SFMLImageVideoFrame GetFrame(Spine.Spine spine)
-        {
-            // tex 必须临时创建, 随用随取, 防止出现跨线程的情况
-            using var tex = GetRenderTexture();
-            tex.Clear(ExportArgs.BackgroundColor);
-            tex.Draw(spine);
-            tex.Display();
-            return new(tex.Texture.CopyToImage());
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取模型列表的单帧画面
-        /// </summary>
-        protected SFMLImageVideoFrame GetFrame(Spine.Spine[] spinesToRender)
-        {
-            // tex 必须临时创建, 随用随取, 防止出现跨线程的情况
-            using var tex = GetRenderTexture();
-            tex.Clear(ExportArgs.BackgroundColor);
-            foreach (var spine in spinesToRender) tex.Draw(spine);
-            tex.Display();
-            return new(tex.Texture.CopyToImage());
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 每个模型在同一个画面进行导出
-        /// </summary>
-        protected abstract void ExportSingle(Spine.Spine[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 每个模型独立导出
-        /// </summary>
-        protected abstract void ExportIndividual(Spine.Spine[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 执行导出
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="spines">要进行导出的 Spine 列表</param>
-        /// <param name="worker">用来执行该函数的 worker</param>
-        public virtual void Export(Spine.Spine[] spines, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
-        {
-            var spinesToRender = spines.Where(sp => !ExportArgs.RenderSelectedOnly || sp.IsSelected).Reverse().ToArray();
-
-            if (ExportArgs.ExportSingle) ExportSingle(spinesToRender, worker);
-            else ExportIndividual(spinesToRender, worker);
-
-            logger.LogCurrentProcessMemoryUsage();
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/CustomExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/CustomExportArgs.cs
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-using FFMpegCore.Enums;
-using FFMpegCore;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// FFmpeg 自定义视频导出参数
-    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Custom)]
-    public class CustomExportArgs : FFmpegVideoExportArgs
-    {
-        public CustomExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly) : base(resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly) { }
-
-        public override string Format => CustomFormat;
-
-        public override string Suffix => CustomSuffix;
-
-        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => string.Empty;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 文件格式
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[3] 自定义参数"), DisplayName("文件格式"), Description("文件格式")]
-        public string CustomFormat { get; set; } = "mp4";
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 文件名后缀
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[3] 自定义参数"), DisplayName("文件名后缀"), Description("文件名后缀")]
-        public string CustomSuffix { get; set; } = ".mp4";
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/FFmpegVideoExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/FFmpegVideoExportArgs.cs
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-using FFMpegCore.Enums;
-using FFMpegCore;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 使用 FFmpeg 视频导出参数
-    /// </summary>
-    public abstract class FFmpegVideoExportArgs : VideoExportArgs
-    {
-        public FFmpegVideoExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly) : base(resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly) { }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 文件格式
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[2] FFmpeg 基本参数"), DisplayName("文件格式"), Description("文件格式")]
-        public abstract string Format { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 文件名后缀
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[2] FFmpeg 基本参数"), DisplayName("文件名后缀"), Description("文件名后缀")]
-        public abstract string Suffix { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 文件名后缀
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[2] FFmpeg 基本参数"), DisplayName("自定义参数"), Description("提供给 FFmpeg 的自定义参数, 除非很清楚自己在做什么, 否则请勿填写此参数")]
-        public string CustomArgument { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取输出附加选项
-        /// </summary>
-        public virtual void SetOutputOptions(FFMpegArgumentOptions options) => options.ForceFormat(Format).WithCustomArgument(CustomArgument);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 要追加在文件名末尾的信息字串, 首尾不需要提供额外分隔符
-        /// </summary>
-        [Browsable(false)]
-        public abstract string FileNameNoteSuffix { get; }
-
-        public override string? Validate()
-        {
-            if (base.Validate() is string error)
-                return error;
-            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Format))
-                return "需要提供有效的格式";
-            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Suffix))
-                return "需要提供有效的文件名后缀";
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/FrameExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/FrameExportArgs.cs
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Drawing.Imaging;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 单帧画面导出参数
-    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Frame)]
-    public class FrameExportArgs : SpineViewer.Exporter.ExportArgs
-    {
-        public FrameExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly) : base(resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly) { }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 单帧画面格式
-        /// </summary>
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(ImageFormatConverter))]
-        [Category("[1] 单帧画面"), DisplayName("图像格式")]
-        public ImageFormat ImageFormat
-        {
-            get => imageFormat;
-            set
-            {
-                if (value == ImageFormat.MemoryBmp) value = ImageFormat.Bmp;
-                imageFormat = value;
-            }
-        }
-        private ImageFormat imageFormat = ImageFormat.Png;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 文件名后缀
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[1] 单帧画面"), DisplayName("文件名后缀"), Description("与图像格式匹配的文件名后缀")]
-        public string Suffix { get => imageFormat.GetSuffix(); }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// DPI
-        /// </summary>
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(SizeFConverter))]
-        [Category("[1] 单帧画面"), DisplayName("DPI"), Description("导出图像的每英寸像素数，用于调整图像的物理尺寸")]
-        public SizeF DPI
-        {
-            get => dpi;
-            set
-            {
-                if (value.Width <= 0) value.Width = 144;
-                if (value.Height <= 0) value.Height = 144;
-                dpi = value;
-            }
-        }
-        private SizeF dpi = new(144, 144);
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/FrameSequenceExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/FrameSequenceExportArgs.cs
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Drawing.Imaging;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 帧序列导出参数
-    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.FrameSequence)]
-    public class FrameSequenceExportArgs : VideoExportArgs
-    {
-        public FrameSequenceExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly) : base(resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly) { }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 文件名后缀
-        /// </summary>
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter)), StringEnumConverter.StandardValues(".png", ".jpg", ".tga", ".bmp")]
-        [Category("[2] 帧序列参数"), DisplayName("文件名后缀"), Description("帧文件的后缀，同时决定帧图像格式")]
-        public string Suffix { get; set; } = ".png";
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/VideoExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/VideoExportArgs.cs
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-using FFMpegCore.Enums;
-using FFMpegCore;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 视频导出参数基类
-    /// </summary>
-    public abstract class VideoExportArgs : SpineViewer.Exporter.ExportArgs
-    {
-        public VideoExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly) : base(resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly) { }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 导出时长
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[1] 视频参数"), DisplayName("时长"), Description("可以从模型列表查看动画时长, 如果小于 0, 则在逐个导出时每个模型使用各自的当前动画时长")]
-        public float Duration 
-        { 
-            get => duration;
-            set => duration = value < 0 ? -1 : value;
-        }
-        private float duration = -1;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 帧率
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[1] 视频参数"), DisplayName("帧率"), Description("每秒画面数")]
-        public float FPS { get; set; } = 60;
-
-        public override string? Validate()
-        {
-            if (base.Validate() is string error)
-                return error;
-            if (ExportSingle && Duration < 0)
-                return "导出单个时导出时长不能为负数";
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/Exporter/FFmpegVideoExporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/Exporter/FFmpegVideoExporter.cs
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-using FFMpegCore.Pipes;
-using FFMpegCore;
-using SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using FFMpegCore.Arguments;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.Exporter
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 使用 FFmpeg 的视频导出器
-    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Gif)]
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Mp4)]
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Webm)]
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Mkv)]
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Mov)]
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Custom)]
-    public class FFmpegVideoExporter : VideoExporter
-    {
-        public FFmpegVideoExporter(FFmpegVideoExportArgs exportArgs) : base(exportArgs) { }
-
-        protected override void ExportSingle(Spine.Spine[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
-        {
-            var args = (FFmpegVideoExportArgs)ExportArgs;
-            var noteSuffix = args.FileNameNoteSuffix;
-            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(noteSuffix)) noteSuffix = $"_{noteSuffix}";
-
-            var filename = $"{timestamp}_{args.FPS:f0}{noteSuffix}{args.Suffix}";
-
-            // 导出单个时必定提供输出文件夹
-            var savePath = Path.Combine(args.OutputDir, filename);
-
-            var videoFramesSource = new RawVideoPipeSource(GetFrames(spinesToRender, worker)) { FrameRate = args.FPS };
-            try
-            {
-                var ffmpegArgs = FFMpegArguments.FromPipeInput(videoFramesSource).OutputToFile(savePath, true, args.SetOutputOptions);
-
-                logger.Info("FFmpeg arguments: {}", ffmpegArgs.Arguments);
-                ffmpegArgs.ProcessSynchronously();
-            }
-            catch (Exception ex)
-            {
-                logger.Error(ex.ToString());
-                logger.Error("Failed to export {} {}", args.Format, savePath);
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override void ExportIndividual(Spine.Spine[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
-        {
-            var args = (FFmpegVideoExportArgs)ExportArgs;
-            var noteSuffix = args.FileNameNoteSuffix;
-            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(noteSuffix)) noteSuffix = $"_{noteSuffix}";
-
-            foreach (var spine in spinesToRender)
-            {
-                if (worker?.CancellationPending == true) break; // 取消的日志在 GetFrames 里输出
-
-                var filename = $"{spine.Name}_{timestamp}_{args.FPS:f0}{noteSuffix}{args.Suffix}";
-
-                // 如果提供了输出文件夹, 则全部导出到输出文件夹, 否则导出到各自的文件夹下
-                var savePath = Path.Combine(args.OutputDir ?? spine.AssetsDir, filename);
-
-                var videoFramesSource = new RawVideoPipeSource(GetFrames(spine, worker)) { FrameRate = args.FPS };
-                try
-                {
-                    var ffmpegArgs = FFMpegArguments
-                    .FromPipeInput(videoFramesSource)
-                    .OutputToFile(savePath, true, args.SetOutputOptions);
-
-                    logger.Info("FFmpeg arguments: {}", ffmpegArgs.Arguments);
-                    ffmpegArgs.ProcessSynchronously();
-                }
-                catch (Exception ex)
-                {
-                    logger.Error(ex.ToString());
-                    logger.Error("Failed to export {} {} {}", args.Format, savePath, spine.SkelPath);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/Exporter/FrameExporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/Exporter/FrameExporter.cs
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-using SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs;
-using SpineViewer.Spine;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.Exporter
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 单帧画面导出器
-    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Frame)]
-    public class FrameExporter : SpineViewer.Exporter.Exporter
-    {
-        public FrameExporter(FrameExportArgs exportArgs) : base(exportArgs) { }
-
-        protected override void ExportSingle(Spine.Spine[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
-        {
-            var args = (FrameExportArgs)ExportArgs;
-
-            // 导出单个时必定提供输出文件夹
-            var filename = $"frame_{timestamp}{args.Suffix}";
-            var savePath = Path.Combine(args.OutputDir, filename);
-
-            worker?.ReportProgress(0, $"已处理 0/1");
-            try
-            {
-                using var frame = GetFrame(spinesToRender);
-                using var img = frame.CopyToBitmap();
-                img.SetResolution(args.DPI.Width, args.DPI.Height);
-                img.Save(savePath, args.ImageFormat);
-            }
-            catch (Exception ex)
-            {
-                logger.Error(ex.ToString());
-                logger.Error("Failed to save single frame");
-            }
-            worker?.ReportProgress(100, $"已处理 1/1");
-        }
-
-        protected override void ExportIndividual(Spine.Spine[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
-        {
-            var args = (FrameExportArgs)ExportArgs;
-
-            int total = spinesToRender.Length;
-            int success = 0;
-            int error = 0;
-
-            worker?.ReportProgress(0, $"已处理 0/{total}");
-            for (int i = 0; i < total; i++)
-            {
-                var spine = spinesToRender[i];
-
-                // 逐个导出时如果提供了输出文件夹, 则全部导出到输出文件夹, 否则输出到各自的文件夹
-                var filename = $"{spine.Name}_{timestamp}{args.Suffix}";
-                var savePath = args.OutputDir is null ? Path.Combine(spine.AssetsDir, filename) : Path.Combine(args.OutputDir, filename);
-
-                try
-                {
-                    using var frame = GetFrame(spine);
-                    using var img = frame.CopyToBitmap();
-                    img.SetResolution(args.DPI.Width, args.DPI.Height);
-                    img.Save(savePath, args.ImageFormat);
-                    success++;
-                }
-                catch (Exception ex)
-                {
-                    logger.Error(ex.ToString());
-                    logger.Error("Failed to save frame {} {}", savePath, spine.SkelPath);
-                    error++;
-                }
-
-                worker?.ReportProgress((int)((i + 1) * 100.0) / total, $"已处理 {i + 1}/{total}");
-            }
-
-            if (error > 0)
-                logger.Warn("Frames save {} successfully, {} failed", success, error);
-            else
-                logger.Info("{} frames saved successfully", success);
-        }
-    }
-
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/Exporter/VideoExporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/Exporter/VideoExporter.cs
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-using SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs;
-using SpineViewer.Spine;
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.Exporter
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 视频导出基类
-    /// </summary>
-    public abstract class VideoExporter : SpineViewer.Exporter.Exporter
-    {
-        public VideoExporter(VideoExportArgs exportArgs) : base(exportArgs) { }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 生成单个模型的帧序列
-        /// </summary>
-        protected IEnumerable<SFMLImageVideoFrame> GetFrames(Spine.Spine spine, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
-        {
-            var args = (VideoExportArgs)ExportArgs;
-
-            // 独立导出时如果 args.Duration 小于 0 则使用 Track0 的动画时长
-            var duration = args.Duration;
-            if (duration < 0) duration = spine.GetAnimationDuration(spine.Track0Animation); // TODO: 也许可以使用所有轨道的最大值
-
-            float delta = 1f / args.FPS;
-            int total = Math.Max(1, (int)(duration * args.FPS)); // 至少导出 1 帧
-
-            worker?.ReportProgress(0, $"{spine.Name} 已处理 0/{total} 帧");
-            for (int i = 0; i < total; i++)
-            {
-                if (worker?.CancellationPending == true)
-                {
-                    logger.Info("Export cancelled");
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                var frame = GetFrame(spine);
-                spine.Update(delta);
-                worker?.ReportProgress((int)((i + 1) * 100.0) / total, $"{spine.Name} 已处理 {i + 1}/{total} 帧");
-                yield return frame;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 生成多个模型的帧序列
-        /// </summary>
-        protected IEnumerable<SFMLImageVideoFrame> GetFrames(Spine.Spine[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
-        {
-            // 导出单个时必须根据 args.Duration 决定导出时长
-            var args = (VideoExportArgs)ExportArgs;
-            float delta = 1f / args.FPS;
-            int total = Math.Max(1, (int)(args.Duration * args.FPS)); // 至少导出 1 帧
-
-            worker?.ReportProgress(0, $"已处理 0/{total} 帧");
-            for (int i = 0; i < total; i++)
-            {
-                if (worker?.CancellationPending == true)
-                {
-                    logger.Info("Export cancelled");
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                var frame = GetFrame(spinesToRender);
-                foreach (var spine in spinesToRender) spine.Update(delta);
-                worker?.ReportProgress((int)((i + 1) * 100.0) / total, $"已处理 {i + 1}/{total} 帧");
-                yield return frame;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override void Export(Spine.Spine[] spines, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
-        {
-            // 导出视频格式需要把模型时间都重置到 0
-            foreach (var spine in spines) spine.Track0Animation = spine.Track0Animation; // TODO: 多轨道重置
-            base.Export(spines, worker);
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/TypeConverter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/TypeConverter.cs
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
-using System.Globalization;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter
-{
-    public class SFMLColorConverter : ExpandableObjectConverter
-    {
-        private class SFMLColorPropertyDescriptor : SimplePropertyDescriptor
-        {
-            public SFMLColorPropertyDescriptor(Type componentType, string name, Type propertyType) : base(componentType, name, propertyType) { }
-
-            public override object? GetValue(object? component)
-            {
-                return component?.GetType().GetField(Name)?.GetValue(component) ?? default;
-            }
-
-            public override void SetValue(object? component, object? value)
-            {
-                component?.GetType().GetField(Name)?.SetValue(component, value);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext? context, Type sourceType)
-        {
-            return sourceType == typeof(string) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
-        }
-
-        public override object? ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext? context, CultureInfo? culture, object value)
-        {
-            if (value is string s)
-            {
-                s = s.Trim();
-                if (s.StartsWith("#") && s.Length == 9)
-                {
-                    try
-                    {
-                        // 解析 R, G, B, A 分量，注意16进制解析
-                        byte r = byte.Parse(s.Substring(1, 2), NumberStyles.HexNumber);
-                        byte g = byte.Parse(s.Substring(3, 2), NumberStyles.HexNumber);
-                        byte b = byte.Parse(s.Substring(5, 2), NumberStyles.HexNumber);
-                        byte a = byte.Parse(s.Substring(7, 2), NumberStyles.HexNumber);
-                        return new SFML.Graphics.Color(r, g, b, a);
-                    }
-                    catch (Exception ex)
-                    {
-                        throw new FormatException("无法解析颜色，确保格式为 #RRGGBBAA", ex);
-                    }
-                }
-                throw new FormatException("格式错误，正确格式为 #RRGGBBAA");
-            }
-            return base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value);
-        }
-
-        public override bool CanConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext? context, Type? destinationType)
-        {
-            return destinationType == typeof(string) || base.CanConvertTo(context, destinationType);
-        }
-
-        public override object? ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext? context, CultureInfo? culture, object? value, Type destinationType)
-        {
-            if (destinationType == typeof(string) && value is SFML.Graphics.Color color)
-                return $"#{color.R:X2}{color.G:X2}{color.B:X2}{color.A:X2}";
-            return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
-        }
-
-        public override PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties(ITypeDescriptorContext? context, object value, Attribute[]? attributes)
-        {
-            // 自定义属性集合
-            var properties = new List<PropertyDescriptor>
-            {
-                // 定义 R, G, B, A 四个字段的描述器
-                new SFMLColorPropertyDescriptor(typeof(SFML.Graphics.Color), "R", typeof(byte)),
-                new SFMLColorPropertyDescriptor(typeof(SFML.Graphics.Color), "G", typeof(byte)),
-                new SFMLColorPropertyDescriptor(typeof(SFML.Graphics.Color), "B", typeof(byte)),
-                new SFMLColorPropertyDescriptor(typeof(SFML.Graphics.Color), "A", typeof(byte))
-            };
-
-            // 返回自定义属性集合
-            return new PropertyDescriptorCollection(properties.ToArray());
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Extensions/NLogExtension.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Extensions/NLogExtension.cs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

-namespace SpineViewer
+namespace SpineViewer.Extensions
 {
    public static class NLogExtension
    {
--- a/SpineViewer/Extensions/SFMLExtension.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Extensions/SFMLExtension.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Extensions
+{
+    public static class SFMLExtension
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取并集范围
+        /// </summary>
+        public static RectangleF Union(this RectangleF bounds, RectangleF other)
+        {
+            var x = Math.Min(bounds.X, other.X);
+            var y = Math.Min(bounds.Y, other.Y);
+            var w = Math.Max(bounds.Right, other.Right) - x;
+            var h = Math.Max(bounds.Bottom, other.Bottom) - y;
+            return new(x, y, w, h);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取适合指定画布参数下能够覆盖包围盒的画布视区包围盒
+        /// </summary>
+        public static RectangleF GetCanvasBounds(this RectangleF bounds, Size resolution) => GetCanvasBounds(bounds, resolution, new(0), new(0));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取适合指定画布参数下能够覆盖包围盒的画布视区包围盒
+        /// </summary>
+        public static RectangleF GetCanvasBounds(this RectangleF bounds, Size resolution, Padding margin) => GetCanvasBounds(bounds, resolution, margin, new(0));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取适合指定画布参数下能够覆盖包围盒的画布视区包围盒
+        /// </summary>
+        public static RectangleF GetCanvasBounds(this RectangleF bounds, Size resolution, Padding margin, Padding padding)
+        {
+            float sizeW = bounds.Width;
+            float sizeH = bounds.Height;
+            float innerW = resolution.Width - padding.Horizontal;
+            float innerH = resolution.Height - padding.Vertical;
+            float scale = Math.Max(Math.Abs(sizeW / innerW), Math.Abs(sizeH / innerH)); // 取两方向上较大的缩放比, 以此让画布可以覆盖内容
+            float scaleW = scale * Math.Sign(sizeW);
+            float scaleH = scale * Math.Sign(sizeH);
+
+            innerW *= scaleW;
+            innerH *= scaleH;
+
+            var x = bounds.X - (innerW - sizeW) / 2 - (margin.Left + padding.Left) * scaleW;
+            var y = bounds.Y - (innerH - sizeH) / 2 - (margin.Top + padding.Top) * scaleH;
+            var w = (resolution.Width + margin.Horizontal) * scaleW;
+            var h = (resolution.Height + margin.Vertical) * scaleH;
+            return new(x, y, w, h);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取 Winforms Bitmap 对象, 需要使用 Dispose 释放对象
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Bitmap CopyToBitmap(this SFML.Graphics.Image image)
+        {
+            image.SaveToMemory(out var imgBuffer, "bmp");
+            using var stream = new MemoryStream(imgBuffer);
+            using var bitmap = new Bitmap(stream);
+            return new(bitmap); // 必须重复构造一个副本才能摆脱对流的依赖, 否则之后使用会报错
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取 Winforms Bitmap 对象, 需要使用 Dispose 释放对象
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Bitmap CopyToBitmap(this SFML.Graphics.Texture texture)
+        {
+            using var image = texture.CopyToImage();
+            return image.CopyToBitmap();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取视区的包围盒
+        /// </summary>
+        public static RectangleF GetBounds(this SFML.Graphics.View view)
+        {
+            return new(
+                view.Center.X - view.Size.X / 2, 
+                view.Center.Y - view.Size.Y / 2, 
+                view.Size.X, 
+                view.Size.Y
+            );
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 按画布设置视区, 边缘和填充区域将不会出现内容
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void SetViewport(this SFML.Graphics.View view, Size resolution, Padding margin) => SetViewport(view, resolution, margin, new(0));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 按画布设置视区, 边缘和填充区域将不会出现内容
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void SetViewport(this SFML.Graphics.View view, Size resolution, Padding margin, Padding padding)
+        {
+            var innerW = resolution.Width - padding.Horizontal;
+            var innerH = resolution.Height - padding.Vertical;
+
+            float width = resolution.Width + margin.Horizontal;
+            float height = resolution.Height + margin.Vertical;
+
+            view.Viewport = new(
+                (margin.Left + padding.Left) / width,
+                (margin.Top + padding.Top) / height,
+                innerW / width,
+                innerH / height
+            );
+
+            var bounds = view.GetBounds().GetCanvasBounds(new(innerW, innerH));
+
+            view.Center = new(bounds.X + bounds.Width / 2, bounds.Y + bounds.Height / 2);
+            view.Size = new(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Forms/PetForm.Designer.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Forms/PetForm.Designer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+namespace SpineViewer
+{
+    partial class PetForm
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Required designer variable.
+        /// </summary>
+        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clean up any resources being used.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (disposing && (components != null))
+            {
+                components.Dispose();
+            }
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+        }
+
+        #region Windows Form Designer generated code
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
+        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            SuspendLayout();
+            // 
+            // PetForm
+            // 
+            AutoScaleMode = AutoScaleMode.None;
+            ClientSize = new Size(490, 456);
+            ControlBox = false;
+            MaximizeBox = false;
+            MinimizeBox = false;
+            Name = "PetForm";
+            ShowIcon = false;
+            ShowInTaskbar = false;
+            StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
+            Text = "PetForm";
+            ResumeLayout(false);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Forms/PetForm.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Forms/PetForm.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+using SpineViewer.Natives;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Data;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Windows.Forms;
+
+namespace SpineViewer
+{
+    public partial class PetForm: Form
+    {
+        public PetForm()
+        {
+            InitializeComponent();
+        }
+
+        protected override CreateParams CreateParams
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                //var style = Win32.GetWindowLong(hWnd, Win32.GWL_STYLE) | Win32.WS_POPUP;
+                //var exStyle = Win32.GetWindowLong(hWnd, Win32.GWL_EXSTYLE) | Win32.WS_EX_LAYERED | Win32.WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW | Win32.WS_EX_TOPMOST;
+                //Win32.SetWindowLong(hWnd, Win32.GWL_STYLE, style);
+                //Win32.SetWindowLong(hWnd, Win32.GWL_EXSTYLE, exStyle);
+                //Win32.SetLayeredWindowAttributes(hWnd, crKey, 255, Win32.LWA_COLORKEY | Win32.LWA_ALPHA);
+                //Win32.SetWindowPos(hWnd, Win32.HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, Win32.SWP_NOMOVE | Win32.SWP_NOSIZE);
+                var cp = base.CreateParams;
+                cp.ExStyle = Win32.WS_EX_LAYERED | Win32.WS_EX_TOPMOST;
+                cp.Style = Win32.WS_POPUP;
+                //cp.ExStyle |= Win32.WS_EX_LAYERED | Win32.WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW | Win32.WS_EX_TOPMOST;
+                return cp;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
+        {
+            ;
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnPaintBackground(PaintEventArgs e)
+        {
+            ;
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Forms/PetForm.resx
+++ b/SpineViewer/Forms/PetForm.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!--
+    Microsoft ResX Schema
+
+    Version 2.0
+
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes
+    associated with the data types.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple
+    name/value pairs.
+
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture.
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the
+    mimetype set.
+
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+</root>
--- a/SpineViewer/Forms/SpineViewerForm.Designer.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Forms/SpineViewerForm.Designer.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace SpineViewer
 {
-    partial class MainForm
+    partial class SpineViewerForm
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///  Required designer variable.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
-            System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(MainForm));
+            System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(SpineViewerForm));
            menuStrip = new MenuStrip();
            toolStripMenuItem_File = new ToolStripMenuItem();
            toolStripMenuItem_Open = new ToolStripMenuItem();
@@ -38,11 +38,16 @@
            toolStripMenuItem_Export = new ToolStripMenuItem();
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame = new ToolStripMenuItem();
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            toolStripSeparator4 = new ToolStripSeparator();
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif = new ToolStripMenuItem();
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            toolStripSeparator5 = new ToolStripSeparator();
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4 = new ToolStripMenuItem();
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov = new ToolStripMenuItem();
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov = new ToolStripMenuItem();
+            toolStripSeparator6 = new ToolStripSeparator();
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom = new ToolStripMenuItem();
            toolStripSeparator2 = new ToolStripSeparator();
            toolStripMenuItem_Exit = new ToolStripMenuItem();
@@ -60,13 +65,13 @@
            splitContainer_Information = new SplitContainer();
            groupBox_SkelList = new GroupBox();
            spineListView = new SpineViewer.Controls.SpineListView();
-            propertyGrid_Spine = new PropertyGrid();
+            spineViewPropertyGrid = new SpineViewer.Controls.SpineViewPropertyGrid();
            splitContainer_Config = new SplitContainer();
            groupBox_PreviewConfig = new GroupBox();
            propertyGrid_Previewer = new PropertyGrid();
            groupBox_SkelConfig = new GroupBox();
            groupBox_Preview = new GroupBox();
-            spinePreviewer = new SpineViewer.Controls.SpinePreviewer();
+            spinePreviewPanel = new SpineViewer.Controls.SpinePreviewPanel();
            panel_MainForm = new Panel();
            toolTip = new ToolTip(components);
            menuStrip.SuspendLayout();
@@ -115,27 +120,27 @@
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_Open.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_Open";
            toolStripMenuItem_Open.ShortcutKeys = Keys.Control | Keys.O;
-            toolStripMenuItem_Open.Size = new Size(270, 34);
+            toolStripMenuItem_Open.Size = new Size(254, 34);
            toolStripMenuItem_Open.Text = "打开(&O)...";
            toolStripMenuItem_Open.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Open_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen";
-            toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen.Size = new Size(270, 34);
+            toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen.Size = new Size(254, 34);
            toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen.Text = "批量打开(&B)...";
            toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen.Click += toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripSeparator1
            // 
            toolStripSeparator1.Name = "toolStripSeparator1";
-            toolStripSeparator1.Size = new Size(267, 6);
+            toolStripSeparator1.Size = new Size(251, 6);
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_Export
            // 
-            toolStripMenuItem_Export.DropDownItems.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame, toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence, toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif, toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4, toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm, toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv, toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov, toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom });
+            toolStripMenuItem_Export.DropDownItems.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame, toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence, toolStripSeparator4, toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif, toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp, toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif, toolStripSeparator5, toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4, toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm, toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv, toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov, toolStripSeparator6, toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom });
            toolStripMenuItem_Export.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_Export";
-            toolStripMenuItem_Export.Size = new Size(270, 34);
+            toolStripMenuItem_Export.Size = new Size(254, 34);
            toolStripMenuItem_Export.Text = "导出(&E)";
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame
@@ -143,67 +148,96 @@
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame";
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame.Size = new Size(288, 34);
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame.Text = "单帧画面...";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Export_Click;
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame.Click += toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence";
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence.Size = new Size(288, 34);
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence.Text = "帧序列...";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Export_Click;
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence.Click += toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence_Click;
+            // 
+            // toolStripSeparator4
+            // 
+            toolStripSeparator4.Name = "toolStripSeparator4";
+            toolStripSeparator4.Size = new Size(285, 6);
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif";
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif.Size = new Size(288, 34);
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif.Text = "GIF...";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Export_Click;
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif.Click += toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif_Click;
            // 
-            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv
+            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp
            // 
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv.Size = new Size(288, 34);
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv.Text = "MKV...";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Export_Click;
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp";
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp.Size = new Size(288, 34);
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp.Text = "WebP...";
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp.Click += toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp_Click;
+            // 
+            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif
+            // 
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif";
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif.Size = new Size(288, 34);
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif.Text = "AVIF...";
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif.Click += toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif_Click;
+            // 
+            // toolStripSeparator5
+            // 
+            toolStripSeparator5.Name = "toolStripSeparator5";
+            toolStripSeparator5.Size = new Size(285, 6);
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4";
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4.Size = new Size(288, 34);
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4.Text = "MP4...";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Export_Click;
-            // 
-            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov
-            // 
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov.Size = new Size(288, 34);
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov.Text = "MOV...";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Export_Click;
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4.Click += toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm";
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm.Size = new Size(288, 34);
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm.Text = "WebM...";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Export_Click;
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm.Click += toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm_Click;
+            // 
+            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv
+            // 
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv";
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv.Size = new Size(288, 34);
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv.Text = "MKV...";
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv.Click += toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv_Click;
+            // 
+            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov
+            // 
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov";
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov.Size = new Size(288, 34);
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov.Text = "MOV...";
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov.Click += toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov_Click;
+            // 
+            // toolStripSeparator6
+            // 
+            toolStripSeparator6.Name = "toolStripSeparator6";
+            toolStripSeparator6.Size = new Size(285, 6);
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom";
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom.Size = new Size(288, 34);
            toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom.Text = "FFmpeg 自定义导出...";
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Export_Click;
+            toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom.Click += toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom_Click;
            // 
            // toolStripSeparator2
            // 
            toolStripSeparator2.Name = "toolStripSeparator2";
-            toolStripSeparator2.Size = new Size(267, 6);
+            toolStripSeparator2.Size = new Size(251, 6);
            // 
            // toolStripMenuItem_Exit
            // 
            toolStripMenuItem_Exit.Name = "toolStripMenuItem_Exit";
            toolStripMenuItem_Exit.ShortcutKeys = Keys.Alt | Keys.F4;
-            toolStripMenuItem_Exit.Size = new Size(270, 34);
+            toolStripMenuItem_Exit.Size = new Size(254, 34);
            toolStripMenuItem_Exit.Text = "退出(&X)";
            toolStripMenuItem_Exit.Click += toolStripMenuItem_Exit_Click;
            // 
@@ -271,7 +305,7 @@
            rtbLog.Margin = new Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            rtbLog.Name = "rtbLog";
            rtbLog.ReadOnly = true;
-            rtbLog.Size = new Size(1758, 146);
+            rtbLog.Size = new Size(1758, 142);
            rtbLog.TabIndex = 0;
            rtbLog.Text = "";
            rtbLog.WordWrap = false;
@@ -295,7 +329,7 @@
            splitContainer_MainForm.Panel2.Controls.Add(rtbLog);
            splitContainer_MainForm.Panel2.Cursor = Cursors.Default;
            splitContainer_MainForm.Size = new Size(1758, 1097);
-            splitContainer_MainForm.SplitterDistance = 943;
+            splitContainer_MainForm.SplitterDistance = 947;
            splitContainer_MainForm.SplitterWidth = 8;
            splitContainer_MainForm.TabIndex = 3;
            splitContainer_MainForm.TabStop = false;
@@ -319,8 +353,8 @@
            // 
            splitContainer_Functional.Panel2.Controls.Add(groupBox_Preview);
            splitContainer_Functional.Panel2.Cursor = Cursors.Default;
-            splitContainer_Functional.Size = new Size(1758, 943);
-            splitContainer_Functional.SplitterDistance = 759;
+            splitContainer_Functional.Size = new Size(1758, 947);
+            splitContainer_Functional.SplitterDistance = 788;
            splitContainer_Functional.SplitterWidth = 8;
            splitContainer_Functional.TabIndex = 2;
            splitContainer_Functional.TabStop = false;
@@ -343,8 +377,8 @@
            // 
            splitContainer_Information.Panel2.Controls.Add(splitContainer_Config);
            splitContainer_Information.Panel2.Cursor = Cursors.Default;
-            splitContainer_Information.Size = new Size(759, 943);
-            splitContainer_Information.SplitterDistance = 354;
+            splitContainer_Information.Size = new Size(788, 947);
+            splitContainer_Information.SplitterDistance = 351;
            splitContainer_Information.SplitterWidth = 8;
            splitContainer_Information.TabIndex = 1;
            splitContainer_Information.TabStop = false;
@@ -357,7 +391,7 @@
            groupBox_SkelList.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            groupBox_SkelList.Location = new Point(0, 0);
            groupBox_SkelList.Name = "groupBox_SkelList";
-            groupBox_SkelList.Size = new Size(354, 943);
+            groupBox_SkelList.Size = new Size(351, 947);
            groupBox_SkelList.TabIndex = 0;
            groupBox_SkelList.TabStop = false;
            groupBox_SkelList.Text = "模型列表";
@@ -367,26 +401,21 @@
            spineListView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            spineListView.Location = new Point(3, 26);
            spineListView.Name = "spineListView";
-            spineListView.PropertyGrid = propertyGrid_Spine;
-            spineListView.Size = new Size(348, 914);
+            spineListView.Size = new Size(345, 918);
+            spineListView.SpinePropertyGrid = spineViewPropertyGrid;
            spineListView.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
-            // propertyGrid_Spine
+            // spinePropertyGrid
            // 
-            propertyGrid_Spine.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
-            propertyGrid_Spine.HelpVisible = false;
-            propertyGrid_Spine.Location = new Point(3, 26);
-            propertyGrid_Spine.Name = "propertyGrid_Spine";
-            propertyGrid_Spine.Size = new Size(391, 580);
-            propertyGrid_Spine.TabIndex = 0;
-            propertyGrid_Spine.ToolbarVisible = false;
-            propertyGrid_Spine.PropertyValueChanged += propertyGrid_PropertyValueChanged;
+            spineViewPropertyGrid.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            spineViewPropertyGrid.Location = new Point(3, 26);
+            spineViewPropertyGrid.Name = "spinePropertyGrid";
+            spineViewPropertyGrid.Size = new Size(423, 586);
+            spineViewPropertyGrid.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // splitContainer_Config
            // 
-            splitContainer_Config.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNS;
            splitContainer_Config.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
-            splitContainer_Config.FixedPanel = FixedPanel.Panel1;
            splitContainer_Config.Location = new Point(0, 0);
            splitContainer_Config.Name = "splitContainer_Config";
            splitContainer_Config.Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal;
@@ -394,27 +423,23 @@
            // splitContainer_Config.Panel1
            // 
            splitContainer_Config.Panel1.Controls.Add(groupBox_PreviewConfig);
-            splitContainer_Config.Panel1.Cursor = Cursors.Default;
            // 
            // splitContainer_Config.Panel2
            // 
            splitContainer_Config.Panel2.Controls.Add(groupBox_SkelConfig);
-            splitContainer_Config.Panel2.Cursor = Cursors.Default;
-            splitContainer_Config.Size = new Size(397, 943);
-            splitContainer_Config.SplitterDistance = 326;
+            splitContainer_Config.Size = new Size(429, 947);
+            splitContainer_Config.SplitterDistance = 324;
            splitContainer_Config.SplitterWidth = 8;
            splitContainer_Config.TabIndex = 0;
-            splitContainer_Config.TabStop = false;
-            splitContainer_Config.SplitterMoved += splitContainer_SplitterMoved;
-            splitContainer_Config.MouseUp += splitContainer_MouseUp;
            // 
            // groupBox_PreviewConfig
            // 
            groupBox_PreviewConfig.Controls.Add(propertyGrid_Previewer);
            groupBox_PreviewConfig.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            groupBox_PreviewConfig.Location = new Point(0, 0);
+            groupBox_PreviewConfig.Margin = new Padding(0);
            groupBox_PreviewConfig.Name = "groupBox_PreviewConfig";
-            groupBox_PreviewConfig.Size = new Size(397, 326);
+            groupBox_PreviewConfig.Size = new Size(429, 324);
            groupBox_PreviewConfig.TabIndex = 1;
            groupBox_PreviewConfig.TabStop = false;
            groupBox_PreviewConfig.Text = "画面参数";
@@ -425,42 +450,43 @@
            propertyGrid_Previewer.HelpVisible = false;
            propertyGrid_Previewer.Location = new Point(3, 26);
            propertyGrid_Previewer.Name = "propertyGrid_Previewer";
-            propertyGrid_Previewer.Size = new Size(391, 297);
+            propertyGrid_Previewer.Size = new Size(423, 295);
            propertyGrid_Previewer.TabIndex = 1;
            propertyGrid_Previewer.ToolbarVisible = false;
            propertyGrid_Previewer.PropertyValueChanged += propertyGrid_PropertyValueChanged;
            // 
            // groupBox_SkelConfig
            // 
-            groupBox_SkelConfig.Controls.Add(propertyGrid_Spine);
+            groupBox_SkelConfig.Controls.Add(spineViewPropertyGrid);
            groupBox_SkelConfig.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            groupBox_SkelConfig.Location = new Point(0, 0);
+            groupBox_SkelConfig.Margin = new Padding(0);
            groupBox_SkelConfig.Name = "groupBox_SkelConfig";
-            groupBox_SkelConfig.Size = new Size(397, 609);
+            groupBox_SkelConfig.Size = new Size(429, 615);
            groupBox_SkelConfig.TabIndex = 0;
            groupBox_SkelConfig.TabStop = false;
            groupBox_SkelConfig.Text = "模型参数";
            // 
            // groupBox_Preview
            // 
-            groupBox_Preview.Controls.Add(spinePreviewer);
+            groupBox_Preview.Controls.Add(spinePreviewPanel);
            groupBox_Preview.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            groupBox_Preview.Location = new Point(0, 0);
            groupBox_Preview.Name = "groupBox_Preview";
-            groupBox_Preview.Size = new Size(991, 943);
+            groupBox_Preview.Size = new Size(962, 947);
            groupBox_Preview.TabIndex = 1;
            groupBox_Preview.TabStop = false;
            groupBox_Preview.Text = "预览画面";
            // 
            // spinePreviewer
            // 
-            spinePreviewer.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
-            spinePreviewer.Location = new Point(3, 26);
-            spinePreviewer.Name = "spinePreviewer";
-            spinePreviewer.PropertyGrid = propertyGrid_Previewer;
-            spinePreviewer.Size = new Size(985, 914);
-            spinePreviewer.SpineListView = spineListView;
-            spinePreviewer.TabIndex = 0;
+            spinePreviewPanel.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            spinePreviewPanel.Location = new Point(3, 26);
+            spinePreviewPanel.Name = "spinePreviewer";
+            spinePreviewPanel.PropertyGrid = propertyGrid_Previewer;
+            spinePreviewPanel.Size = new Size(956, 918);
+            spinePreviewPanel.SpineListView = spineListView;
+            spinePreviewPanel.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // panel_MainForm
            // 
@@ -476,17 +502,17 @@
            // 
            toolTip.ShowAlways = true;
            // 
-            // MainForm
+            // SpineViewerForm
            // 
-            AutoScaleDimensions = new SizeF(11F, 24F);
-            AutoScaleMode = AutoScaleMode.Font;
+            AutoScaleDimensions = new SizeF(144F, 144F);
+            AutoScaleMode = AutoScaleMode.Dpi;
            ClientSize = new Size(1778, 1144);
            Controls.Add(panel_MainForm);
            Controls.Add(menuStrip);
            Icon = (Icon)resources.GetObject("$this.Icon");
            MainMenuStrip = menuStrip;
            Margin = new Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
-            Name = "MainForm";
+            Name = "SpineViewerForm";
            StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
            Text = "SpineViewer";
            FormClosing += MainForm_FormClosing;
@@ -532,7 +558,6 @@
        private SplitContainer splitContainer_Information;
        private GroupBox groupBox_SkelList;
        private GroupBox groupBox_SkelConfig;
-        private SplitContainer splitContainer_Config;
        private GroupBox groupBox_PreviewConfig;
        private Panel panel_MainForm;
        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_Help;
@@ -540,10 +565,9 @@
        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen;
        private GroupBox groupBox_Preview;
        private ToolTip toolTip;
-        private PropertyGrid propertyGrid_Spine;
        private Controls.SpineListView spineListView;
        private PropertyGrid propertyGrid_Previewer;
-        private Controls.SpinePreviewer spinePreviewer;
+        private Controls.SpinePreviewPanel spinePreviewPanel;
        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_Diagnostics;
        private ToolStripSeparator toolStripSeparator3;
        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_Download;
@@ -559,5 +583,12 @@
        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv;
        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm;
        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom;
+        private Controls.SpineViewPropertyGrid spineViewPropertyGrid;
+        private ToolStripSeparator toolStripSeparator4;
+        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp;
+        private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif;
+        private ToolStripSeparator toolStripSeparator5;
+        private ToolStripSeparator toolStripSeparator6;
+        private SplitContainer splitContainer_Config;
    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Forms/SpineViewerForm.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Forms/SpineViewerForm.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+using NLog;
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using SpineViewer.Natives;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter;
+
+namespace SpineViewer
+{
+    internal partial class SpineViewerForm : Form
+    {
+        private readonly Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, Exporter> exporterCache = [];
+
+        public SpineViewerForm()
+        {
+            InitializeComponent();
+            InitializeLogConfiguration();
+
+            // 执行一些初始化工作
+            try
+            {
+                SFMLShader.Init();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                logger.Error(ex.ToString());
+                logger.Error("Failed to load fragment shader");
+                MessagePopup.Warn("Fragment shader 加载失败，预乘Alpha通道属性失效");
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化窗口日志器
+        /// </summary>
+        private void InitializeLogConfiguration()
+        {
+            // 窗口日志
+            var rtbTarget = new NLog.Windows.Forms.RichTextBoxTarget
+            {
+                Name = "rtbTarget",
+                TargetForm = this,
+                TargetRichTextBox = rtbLog,
+                AutoScroll = true,
+                MaxLines = 3000,
+                SupportLinks = true,
+                Layout = "[${level:format=OneLetter}]${date:format=yyyy-MM-dd HH\\:mm\\:ss} - ${message}"
+            };
+
+            rtbTarget.WordColoringRules.Add(new("[D]", "Gray", "Empty", FontStyle.Bold));
+            rtbTarget.WordColoringRules.Add(new("[I]", "DimGray", "Empty", FontStyle.Bold));
+            rtbTarget.WordColoringRules.Add(new("[W]", "DarkOrange", "Empty", FontStyle.Bold));
+            rtbTarget.WordColoringRules.Add(new("[E]", "Red", "Empty", FontStyle.Bold));
+            rtbTarget.WordColoringRules.Add(new("[F]", "DarkRed", "Empty", FontStyle.Bold));
+
+            LogManager.Configuration.AddTarget(rtbTarget);
+            LogManager.Configuration.AddRule(LogLevel.Debug, LogLevel.Fatal, rtbTarget);
+            LogManager.ReconfigExistingLoggers();
+        }
+
+        private void MainForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            spinePreviewPanel.StartRender();
+        }
+
+        private void MainForm_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
+        {
+            spinePreviewPanel.StopRender();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_Open_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            spineListView.Add();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            spineListView.BatchAdd();
+        }
+
+        #region private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportXXX_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (spinePreviewPanel.IsUpdating && MessagePopup.Quest("画面仍在更新，建议手动暂停画面后导出固定的一帧，是否继续？") != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var k = nameof(toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame);
+            if (!exporterCache.ContainsKey(k)) exporterCache[k] = new FrameExporter();
+
+            var exporter = exporterCache[k];
+            using var view = spinePreviewPanel.GetView();
+            exporter.Resolution = spinePreviewPanel.Resolution;
+            exporter.PreviewerView = view;
+            exporter.RenderSelectedOnly = spinePreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly;
+
+            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog(new FrameExporterProperty((FrameExporter)exporter));
+            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var k = nameof(toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence);
+            if (!exporterCache.ContainsKey(k)) exporterCache[k] = new FrameSequenceExporter();
+
+            var exporter = exporterCache[k];
+            using var view = spinePreviewPanel.GetView();
+            exporter.Resolution = spinePreviewPanel.Resolution;
+            exporter.PreviewerView = view;
+            exporter.RenderSelectedOnly = spinePreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly;
+
+            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog(new FrameSequenceExporterProperty((FrameSequenceExporter)exporter));
+            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var k = nameof(toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif);
+            if (!exporterCache.ContainsKey(k)) exporterCache[k] = new GifExporter();
+
+            var exporter = exporterCache[k];
+            using var view = spinePreviewPanel.GetView();
+            exporter.Resolution = spinePreviewPanel.Resolution;
+            exporter.PreviewerView = view;
+            exporter.RenderSelectedOnly = spinePreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly;
+
+            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog(new GifExporterProperty((GifExporter)exporter));
+            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var k = nameof(toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebp);
+            if (!exporterCache.ContainsKey(k)) exporterCache[k] = new WebpExporter();
+
+            var exporter = exporterCache[k];
+            using var view = spinePreviewPanel.GetView();
+            exporter.Resolution = spinePreviewPanel.Resolution;
+            exporter.PreviewerView = view;
+            exporter.RenderSelectedOnly = spinePreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly;
+
+            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog(new WebpExporterProperty((WebpExporter)exporter));
+            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var k = nameof(toolStripMenuItem_ExportAvif);
+            if (!exporterCache.ContainsKey(k)) exporterCache[k] = new AvifExporter();
+
+            var exporter = exporterCache[k];
+            using var view = spinePreviewPanel.GetView();
+            exporter.Resolution = spinePreviewPanel.Resolution;
+            exporter.PreviewerView = view;
+            exporter.RenderSelectedOnly = spinePreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly;
+
+            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog(new AvifExporterProperty((AvifExporter)exporter));
+            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var k = nameof(toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4);
+            if (!exporterCache.ContainsKey(k)) exporterCache[k] = new Mp4Exporter();
+
+            var exporter = exporterCache[k];
+            using var view = spinePreviewPanel.GetView();
+            exporter.Resolution = spinePreviewPanel.Resolution;
+            exporter.PreviewerView = view;
+            exporter.RenderSelectedOnly = spinePreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly;
+
+            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog(new Mp4ExporterProperty((Mp4Exporter)exporter));
+            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var k = nameof(toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm);
+            if (!exporterCache.ContainsKey(k)) exporterCache[k] = new WebmExporter();
+
+            var exporter = exporterCache[k];
+            using var view = spinePreviewPanel.GetView();
+            exporter.Resolution = spinePreviewPanel.Resolution;
+            exporter.PreviewerView = view;
+            exporter.RenderSelectedOnly = spinePreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly;
+
+            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog(new WebmExporterProperty((WebmExporter)exporter));
+            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var k = nameof(toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv);
+            if (!exporterCache.ContainsKey(k)) exporterCache[k] = new MkvExporter();
+
+            var exporter = exporterCache[k];
+            using var view = spinePreviewPanel.GetView();
+            exporter.Resolution = spinePreviewPanel.Resolution;
+            exporter.PreviewerView = view;
+            exporter.RenderSelectedOnly = spinePreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly;
+
+            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog(new MkvExporterProperty((MkvExporter)exporter));
+            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var k = nameof(toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov);
+            if (!exporterCache.ContainsKey(k)) exporterCache[k] = new MovExporter();
+
+            var exporter = exporterCache[k];
+            using var view = spinePreviewPanel.GetView();
+            exporter.Resolution = spinePreviewPanel.Resolution;
+            exporter.PreviewerView = view;
+            exporter.RenderSelectedOnly = spinePreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly;
+
+            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog(new MovExporterProperty((MovExporter)exporter));
+            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var k = nameof(toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom);
+            if (!exporterCache.ContainsKey(k)) exporterCache[k] = new CustomExporter();
+
+            var exporter = exporterCache[k];
+            using var view = spinePreviewPanel.GetView();
+            exporter.Resolution = spinePreviewPanel.Resolution;
+            exporter.PreviewerView = view;
+            exporter.RenderSelectedOnly = spinePreviewPanel.RenderSelectedOnly;
+
+            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog(new CustomExporterProperty((CustomExporter)exporter));
+            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_Exit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            Close();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ConvertFileFormat_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var openDialog = new Dialogs.ConvertFileFormatDialog();
+            if (openDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
+                return;
+
+            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
+            progressDialog.DoWork += ConvertFileFormat_Work;
+            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(openDialog.Result);
+            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_ManageResource_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_About_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            using var dialog = new Dialogs.AboutDialog();
+            dialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void toolStripMenuItem_Diagnostics_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            using var dialog = new Dialogs.DiagnosticsDialog();
+            dialog.ShowDialog();
+        }
+
+        private void splitContainer_SplitterMoved(object sender, SplitterEventArgs e) => ActiveControl = null;
+
+        private void splitContainer_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) => ActiveControl = null;
+
+        private void propertyGrid_PropertyValueChanged(object sender, PropertyValueChangedEventArgs e)
+        {
+            // 用来解决对面板某些值修改之后, 其他被联动修改的值不会实时刷新的问题
+            (sender as PropertyGrid)?.Refresh();
+        }
+
+        private void Export_Work(object? sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
+        {
+            var worker = (BackgroundWorker)sender;
+            var exporter = (Exporter)e.Argument;
+            Invoke(() => TaskbarManager.SetProgressState(Handle, TBPFLAG.TBPF_INDETERMINATE));
+            spinePreviewPanel.StopRender();
+            lock (spineListView.Spines) { exporter.Export(spineListView.Spines.Where(sp => !sp.IsHidden).ToArray(), (BackgroundWorker)sender); }
+            e.Cancel = worker.CancellationPending;
+            spinePreviewPanel.StartRender();
+            Invoke(() => TaskbarManager.SetProgressState(Handle, TBPFLAG.TBPF_NOPROGRESS));
+        }
+
+        private void ConvertFileFormat_Work(object? sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
+        {
+            var worker = sender as BackgroundWorker;
+            var args = e.Argument as Dialogs.ConvertFileFormatDialogResult;
+            var newSuffix = args.JsonTarget ? ".json" : ".skel";
+
+            int totalCount = args.SkelPaths.Length;
+            int success = 0;
+            int error = 0;
+
+            SkeletonConverter srcCvter = args.SourceVersion != SpineVersion.Auto ? SkeletonConverter.New(args.SourceVersion) : null;
+            SkeletonConverter tgtCvter = SkeletonConverter.New(args.TargetVersion);
+
+            worker.ReportProgress(0, $"已处理 0/{totalCount}");
+            for (int i = 0; i < totalCount; i++)
+            {
+                if (worker.CancellationPending)
+                {
+                    e.Cancel = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                var skelPath = args.SkelPaths[i];
+                var newPath = Path.ChangeExtension(skelPath, newSuffix);
+                if (args.OutputDir is string outputDir) newPath = Path.Combine(outputDir, Path.GetFileName(newPath));
+
+                try
+                {
+                    if (args.SourceVersion == SpineVersion.Auto)
+                    {
+                        try
+                        {
+                            srcCvter = SkeletonConverter.New(SpineUtils.GetVersion(skelPath));
+                        }
+                        catch (Exception ex)
+                        {
+                            throw new InvalidDataException($"Auto version detection failed for {skelPath}, try to use a specific version", ex);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    var root = srcCvter.Read(skelPath);
+                    root = srcCvter.ToVersion(root, args.TargetVersion);
+                    if (args.JsonTarget) tgtCvter.WriteJson(root, newPath); 
+                    else tgtCvter.WriteBinary(root, newPath);
+                    success++;
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    logger.Error(ex.ToString());
+                    logger.Error("Failed to convert {}", skelPath);
+                    error++;
+                }
+
+                worker.ReportProgress((int)((i + 1) * 100.0) / totalCount, $"已处理 {i + 1}/{totalCount}");
+            }
+
+            if (error > 0)
+            {
+                logger.Warn("Batch convert {} successfully, {} failed", success, error);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                logger.Info("{} skel converted successfully", success);
+            }
+        }
+
+        //private System.Windows.Forms.Timer timer = new();
+        //private PetForm pet = new PetForm();
+        //private IntPtr screenDC;
+        //private IntPtr memDC;
+        //private void _Test()
+        //{
+        //    screenDC = Win32.GetDC(IntPtr.Zero);
+        //    memDC = Win32.CreateCompatibleDC(screenDC);
+        //    pet.Show();
+        //    timer.Tick += Timer_Tick;
+        //    timer.Enabled = true;
+        //    timer.Interval = 50;
+        //    timer.Start();
+        //}
+
+        //private void Timer_Tick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
+        //{
+        //    using var tex = new SFML.Graphics.RenderTexture((uint)pet.Width, (uint)pet.Height);
+        //    var v = spinePreviewer.GetView();
+        //    tex.SetView(v);
+        //    tex.Clear(new SFML.Graphics.Color(0, 0, 0, 0));
+        //    lock (spineListView.Spines)
+        //    {
+        //        foreach (var sp in spineListView.Spines)
+        //            tex.Draw(sp);
+        //    }
+        //    tex.Display();
+        //    using var frame = new SFMLImageVideoFrame(tex.Texture.CopyToImage());
+        //    using var bitmap = frame.CopyToBitmap();
+
+        //    var newBitmap = bitmap.GetHbitmap(Color.FromArgb(0));
+        //    var oldBitmap = Win32.SelectObject(memDC, newBitmap);
+
+        //    Win32.SIZE size = new Win32.SIZE { cx = pet.Width, cy = pet.Height };
+        //    Win32.POINT srcPos = new Win32.POINT { x = 0, y = 0 };
+        //    Win32.BLENDFUNCTION blend = new Win32.BLENDFUNCTION { BlendOp = 0, BlendFlags = 0, SourceConstantAlpha = 255, AlphaFormat = Win32.AC_SRC_ALPHA };
+
+        //    Win32.UpdateLayeredWindow(pet.Handle, screenDC, IntPtr.Zero, ref size, memDC, ref srcPos, 0, ref blend, Win32.ULW_ALPHA);
+
+        //    Win32.SelectObject(memDC, oldBitmap);
+        //    Win32.DeleteObject(newBitmap);
+        //}
+
+        //private void spinePreviewer_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
+        //{
+        //    switch (e.KeyCode)
+        //    {
+        //        case Keys.Space:
+        //            if ((ModifierKeys & Keys.Alt) != 0)
+        //                spinePreviewer.ClickStopButton();
+        //            else
+        //                spinePreviewer.ClickStartButton();
+        //            break;
+        //        case Keys.Right:
+        //            if ((ModifierKeys & Keys.Alt) != 0)
+        //                spinePreviewer.ClickForwardFastButton();
+        //            else
+        //                spinePreviewer.ClickForwardStepButton();
+        //            break;
+        //        case Keys.Left:
+        //            if ((ModifierKeys & Keys.Alt) != 0)
+        //                spinePreviewer.ClickRestartButton();
+        //            break;
+        //    }
+        //}
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Forms/SpineViewerForm.resx
+++ b/SpineViewer/Forms/SpineViewerForm.resx
--- a/SpineViewer/MainForm.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/MainForm.cs
@@ -1,263 +0,0 @@
-using FFMpegCore.Pipes;
-using FFMpegCore;
-using NLog;
-using SFML.System;
-using SpineViewer.Spine;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.Text.Json;
-using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
-using FFMpegCore.Enums;
-using SpineViewer.Exporter;
-
-namespace SpineViewer
-{
-    internal partial class MainForm : Form
-    {
-        private Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
-
-        public MainForm()
-        {
-            InitializeComponent();
-            InitializeLogConfiguration();
-
-            // 在此处将导出菜单需要的类绑定起来
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrame.Tag = ExportType.Frame;
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportFrameSequence.Tag = ExportType.FrameSequence;
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportGif.Tag = ExportType.Gif;
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMkv.Tag = ExportType.Mkv;
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMp4.Tag = ExportType.Mp4;
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportMov.Tag = ExportType.Mov;
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportWebm.Tag = ExportType.Webm;
-            toolStripMenuItem_ExportCustom.Tag = ExportType.Custom;
-
-            // 执行一些初始化工作
-            try
-            {
-                Spine.Shader.Init();
-            }
-            catch (Exception ex)
-            {
-                logger.Error(ex.ToString());
-                logger.Error("Failed to load fragment shader");
-                MessageBox.Warn("Fragment shader 加载失败，预乘Alpha通道属性失效");
-            }
-
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 初始化窗口日志器
-        /// </summary>
-        private void InitializeLogConfiguration()
-        {
-            // 窗口日志
-            var rtbTarget = new NLog.Windows.Forms.RichTextBoxTarget
-            {
-                Name = "rtbTarget",
-                TargetForm = this,
-                TargetRichTextBox = rtbLog,
-                AutoScroll = true,
-                MaxLines = 3000,
-                SupportLinks = true,
-                Layout = "[${level:format=OneLetter}]${date:format=yyyy-MM-dd HH\\:mm\\:ss} - ${message}"
-            };
-
-            rtbTarget.WordColoringRules.Add(new("[D]", "Gray", "Empty", FontStyle.Bold));
-            rtbTarget.WordColoringRules.Add(new("[I]", "DimGray", "Empty", FontStyle.Bold));
-            rtbTarget.WordColoringRules.Add(new("[W]", "DarkOrange", "Empty", FontStyle.Bold));
-            rtbTarget.WordColoringRules.Add(new("[E]", "Red", "Empty", FontStyle.Bold));
-            rtbTarget.WordColoringRules.Add(new("[F]", "DarkRed", "Empty", FontStyle.Bold));
-
-            LogManager.Configuration.AddTarget(rtbTarget);
-            LogManager.Configuration.AddRule(LogLevel.Debug, LogLevel.Fatal, rtbTarget);
-            LogManager.ReconfigExistingLoggers();
-        }
-
-        private void MainForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
-        {
-            spinePreviewer.StartRender();
-        }
-
-        private void MainForm_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
-        {
-            spinePreviewer.StopRender();
-        }
-
-        private void toolStripMenuItem_Open_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
-        {
-            spineListView.Add();
-        }
-
-        private void toolStripMenuItem_BatchOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
-        {
-            spineListView.BatchAdd();
-        }
-
-        private void toolStripMenuItem_Export_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
-        {
-            ExportType type = (ExportType)((ToolStripMenuItem)sender).Tag;
-
-            if (type == ExportType.Frame && spinePreviewer.IsUpdating)
-            {
-                if (MessageBox.Quest("画面仍在更新，建议手动暂停画面后导出固定的一帧，是否继续？") != DialogResult.OK)
-                    return;
-            }
-
-            var exportArgs = ExportArgs.New(type, spinePreviewer.Resolution, spinePreviewer.GetView(), spinePreviewer.RenderSelectedOnly);
-            var exportDialog = new Dialogs.ExportDialog() { ExportArgs = exportArgs };
-            if (exportDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
-                return;
-
-            var exporter = Exporter.Exporter.New(type, exportArgs);
-
-            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
-            progressDialog.DoWork += Export_Work;
-            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(exporter);
-            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
-        }
-
-        private void toolStripMenuItem_Exit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
-        {
-            Close();
-        }
-
-        private void toolStripMenuItem_ConvertFileFormat_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
-        {
-            var openDialog = new Dialogs.ConvertFileFormatDialog();
-            if (openDialog.ShowDialog() != DialogResult.OK)
-                return;
-
-            var progressDialog = new Dialogs.ProgressDialog();
-            progressDialog.DoWork += ConvertFileFormat_Work;
-            progressDialog.RunWorkerAsync(openDialog.Result);
-            progressDialog.ShowDialog();
-        }
-
-        private void toolStripMenuItem_ManageResource_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
-        {
-
-        }
-
-        private void toolStripMenuItem_About_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
-        {
-            (new Dialogs.AboutDialog()).ShowDialog();
-        }
-
-        private void toolStripMenuItem_Diagnostics_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
-        {
-            (new Dialogs.DiagnosticsDialog()).ShowDialog();
-        }
-
-        private void splitContainer_SplitterMoved(object sender, SplitterEventArgs e) => ActiveControl = null;
-
-        private void splitContainer_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) => ActiveControl = null;
-
-        private void propertyGrid_PropertyValueChanged(object sender, PropertyValueChangedEventArgs e)
-        {
-            // 用来解决对面板某些值修改之后, 其他被联动修改的值不会实时刷新的问题
-            (sender as PropertyGrid)?.Refresh();
-        }
-
-        private void Export_Work(object? sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
-        {
-            var worker = (BackgroundWorker)sender;
-            var exporter = (Exporter.Exporter)e.Argument;
-            Invoke(() => TaskbarManager.SetProgressState(Handle, TBPFLAG.TBPF_INDETERMINATE));
-            spinePreviewer.StopRender();
-            lock (spineListView.Spines) { exporter.Export(spineListView.Spines.Where(sp => !sp.IsHidden).ToArray(), (BackgroundWorker)sender); }
-            e.Cancel = worker.CancellationPending;
-            spinePreviewer.StartRender();
-            Invoke(() => TaskbarManager.SetProgressState(Handle, TBPFLAG.TBPF_NOPROGRESS));
-        }
-
-        private void ConvertFileFormat_Work(object? sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
-        {
-            var worker = sender as BackgroundWorker;
-            var arguments = e.Argument as Dialogs.ConvertFileFormatDialogResult;
-            var skelPaths = arguments.SkelPaths;
-            var srcVersion = arguments.SourceVersion;
-            var tgtVersion = arguments.TargetVersion;
-            var jsonTarget = arguments.JsonTarget;
-            var newSuffix = jsonTarget ? ".json" : ".skel";
-
-            int totalCount = skelPaths.Length;
-            int success = 0;
-            int error = 0;
-
-            SkeletonConverter srcCvter = srcVersion != SpineVersion.Auto ? SkeletonConverter.New(srcVersion) : null;
-            SkeletonConverter tgtCvter = SkeletonConverter.New(tgtVersion);
-
-            worker.ReportProgress(0, $"已处理 0/{totalCount}");
-            for (int i = 0; i < totalCount; i++)
-            {
-                if (worker.CancellationPending)
-                {
-                    e.Cancel = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                var skelPath = skelPaths[i];
-                var newPath = Path.ChangeExtension(skelPath, newSuffix);
-
-                try
-                {
-                    if (srcVersion == SpineVersion.Auto)
-                    {
-                        try
-                        {
-                            srcCvter = SkeletonConverter.New(SpineHelper.GetVersion(skelPath));
-                        }
-                        catch (Exception ex)
-                        {
-                            throw new InvalidDataException($"Auto version detection failed for {skelPath}, try to use a specific version", ex);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    var root = srcCvter.Read(skelPath);
-                    root = srcCvter.ToVersion(root, tgtVersion);
-                    if (jsonTarget) tgtCvter.WriteJson(root, newPath); else tgtCvter.WriteBinary(root, newPath);
-                    success++;
-                }
-                catch (Exception ex)
-                {
-                    logger.Error(ex.ToString());
-                    logger.Error("Failed to convert {}", skelPath);
-                    error++;
-                }
-
-                worker.ReportProgress((int)((i + 1) * 100.0) / totalCount, $"已处理 {i + 1}/{totalCount}");
-            }
-
-            if (error > 0)
-            {
-                logger.Warn("Batch convert {} successfully, {} failed", success, error);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                logger.Info("{} skel converted successfully", success);
-            }
-        }
-
-        //private void spinePreviewer_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
-        //{
-        //    switch (e.KeyCode)
-        //    {
-        //        case Keys.Space:
-        //            if ((ModifierKeys & Keys.Alt) != 0)
-        //                spinePreviewer.ClickStopButton();
-        //            else
-        //                spinePreviewer.ClickStartButton();
-        //            break;
-        //        case Keys.Right:
-        //            if ((ModifierKeys & Keys.Alt) != 0)
-        //                spinePreviewer.ClickForwardFastButton();
-        //            else
-        //                spinePreviewer.ClickForwardStepButton();
-        //            break;
-        //        case Keys.Left:
-        //            if ((ModifierKeys & Keys.Alt) != 0)
-        //                spinePreviewer.ClickRestartButton();
-        //            break;
-        //    }
-        //}
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Natives/TaskbarManager.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Natives/TaskbarManager.cs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Windows.Forms;

-namespace SpineViewer
+namespace SpineViewer.Natives
 {
    internal enum TBPFLAG
    {
@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ namespace SpineViewer
    {
        // ITaskbarList
        void HrInit();
-        void AddTab(IntPtr hwnd);
-        void DeleteTab(IntPtr hwnd);
-        void ActivateTab(IntPtr hwnd);
-        void SetActiveAlt(IntPtr hwnd);
+        void AddTab(nint hwnd);
+        void DeleteTab(nint hwnd);
+        void ActivateTab(nint hwnd);
+        void SetActiveAlt(nint hwnd);
        // ITaskbarList2
-        void MarkFullscreenWindow(IntPtr hwnd, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool fFullscreen);
+        void MarkFullscreenWindow(nint hwnd, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool fFullscreen);
        // ITaskbarList3
-        void SetProgressValue(IntPtr hwnd, ulong ullCompleted, ulong ullTotal);
-        void SetProgressState(IntPtr hwnd, TBPFLAG tbpFlags);
+        void SetProgressValue(nint hwnd, ulong ullCompleted, ulong ullTotal);
+        void SetProgressState(nint hwnd, TBPFLAG tbpFlags);
        //void RegisterTab(IntPtr hwndTab, IntPtr hwndMDI);
        //void UnregisterTab(IntPtr hwndTab);
        //void SetTabOrder(IntPtr hwndTab, IntPtr hwndInsertBefore);
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ namespace SpineViewer
            taskbarList.HrInit();
        }

-        public static void SetProgressState(IntPtr windowHandle, TBPFLAG state)
+        public static void SetProgressState(nint windowHandle, TBPFLAG state)
        {
            taskbarList.SetProgressState(windowHandle, state);
        }

-        public static void SetProgressValue(IntPtr windowHandle, ulong completed, ulong total)
+        public static void SetProgressValue(nint windowHandle, ulong completed, ulong total)
        {
            taskbarList.SetProgressValue(windowHandle, completed, total);
        }
--- a/SpineViewer/Natives/Win32.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Natives/Win32.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Natives
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Win32 Sdk 包装类
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class Win32
+    {
+        public const int GWL_STYLE = -16;
+        public const int WS_SIZEBOX = 0x40000;
+        public const int WS_BORDER = 0x800000;
+        public const int WS_POPUP = unchecked((int)0x80000000);
+
+        public const int GWL_EXSTYLE = -20;
+        public const int WS_EX_TOPMOST = 0x8;
+        public const int WS_EX_TRANSPARENT = 0x20;
+        public const int WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW = 0x80;
+        public const int WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE = 0x100;
+        public const int WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE = 0x200;
+        public const int WS_EX_LAYERED = 0x80000;
+        public const int WS_EX_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW = WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE | WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE;
+
+        public const uint LWA_COLORKEY = 0x1;
+        public const uint LWA_ALPHA = 0x2;
+
+        public const byte AC_SRC_OVER = 0x00;
+        public const byte AC_SRC_ALPHA = 0x01;
+
+        public const int ULW_COLORKEY = 0x00000001;
+        public const int ULW_ALPHA = 0x00000002;
+        public const int ULW_OPAQUE = 0x00000004;
+
+        public const nint HWND_TOPMOST = -1;
+
+        public const uint SWP_NOSIZE = 0x0001;
+        public const uint SWP_NOMOVE = 0x0002;
+        public const uint SWP_NOZORDER = 0x0004;
+        public const uint SWP_FRAMECHANGED = 0x0020;
+        public const uint SWP_REFRESHLONG = SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_FRAMECHANGED;
+
+        public const int WM_SPAWN_WORKER = 0x052C; // 一个未公开的神秘消息
+
+        public const uint SMTO_NORMAL = 0x0000;
+        public const uint SMTO_BLOCK = 0x0001;
+        public const uint SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG = 0x0002;
+        public const uint SMTO_NOTIMEOUTIFNOTHUNG = 0x0008;
+
+        public const uint GA_PARENT = 1;
+        public const uint GW_OWNER = 4;
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+        public struct POINT
+        {
+            public int x;
+            public int y;
+        }
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+        public struct SIZE
+        {
+            public int cx;
+            public int cy;
+        }
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
+        public struct BLENDFUNCTION
+        {
+            public byte BlendOp;
+            public byte BlendFlags;
+            public byte SourceConstantAlpha;
+            public byte AlphaFormat;
+        }
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+        private struct LASTINPUTINFO
+        {
+            public uint cbSize;
+            public uint dwTime;
+        }
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern nint GetDC(nint hWnd);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern int ReleaseDC(nint hWnd, nint hDC);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern int SetWindowLong(nint hWnd, int nIndex, int dwNewLong);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern int GetWindowLong(nint hWnd, int nIndex);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern bool GetLayeredWindowAttributes(nint hWnd, ref uint crKey, ref byte bAlpha, ref uint dwFlags);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern bool SetLayeredWindowAttributes(nint hWnd, uint pcrKey, byte pbAlpha, uint pdwFlags);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern bool UpdateLayeredWindow(nint hWnd, nint hdcDst, nint pptDst, ref SIZE psize, nint hdcSrc, ref POINT pptSrc, int crKey, ref BLENDFUNCTION pblend, int dwFlags);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern bool SetWindowPos(nint hWnd, nint hWndInsertAfter, int X, int Y, int cx, int cy, uint uFlags);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern uint GetDoubleClickTime();
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern bool GetLastInputInfo(ref LASTINPUTINFO plii);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern nint FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern nint SendMessageTimeout(nint hWnd, uint Msg, nint wParam, nint lParam, uint fuFlags, uint uTimeout, out nint lpdwResult);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern nint FindWindowEx(nint parentHandle, nint childAfter, string className, string windowTitle);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern nint SetParent(nint hWndChild, nint hWndNewParent);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern nint GetParent(nint hWnd);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern nint GetAncestor(nint hWnd, uint gaFlags);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern nint GetWindow(nint hWnd, uint uCmd);
+
+        [DllImport("gdi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern nint CreateCompatibleDC(nint hdc);
+
+        [DllImport("gdi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern bool DeleteDC(nint hdc);
+
+        [DllImport("gdi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern nint SelectObject(nint hdc, nint hgdiobj);
+
+        [DllImport("gdi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        public static extern bool DeleteObject(nint hObject);
+
+        public static TimeSpan GetLastInputElapsedTime()
+        {
+            LASTINPUTINFO lastInputInfo = new();
+            lastInputInfo.cbSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(lastInputInfo);
+
+            uint idleTimeMillis = 1000;
+            if (GetLastInputInfo(ref lastInputInfo))
+            {
+                uint tickCount = (uint)Environment.TickCount;
+                uint lastInputTick = lastInputInfo.dwTime;
+                idleTimeMillis = tickCount - lastInputTick;
+            }
+            return TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(idleTimeMillis);
+        }
+
+        public static nint GetWorkerW()
+        {
+            var progman = FindWindow("Progman", null);
+            if (progman == nint.Zero)
+                return nint.Zero;
+            nint hWnd = FindWindowEx(progman, 0, "WorkerW", null);
+            Debug.WriteLine($"{hWnd:x8}");
+            return hWnd;
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Program.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Program.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 using NLog;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Reflection;

 namespace SpineViewer
 {
@@ -25,6 +27,8 @@ namespace SpineViewer
        ///// </summary>
        //public static readonly string TempDir = Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Name)).FullName;

+        public static string Version => Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>()?.InformationalVersion;
+
        /// <summary>
        /// 程序日志器
        /// </summary>
@@ -46,12 +50,12 @@ namespace SpineViewer

            try
            {
-                Application.Run(new MainForm());
+                Application.Run(new SpineViewerForm() { Text = $"SpineViewer - v{Version}"});
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                logger.Fatal(ex.ToString());
-                MessageBox.Error(ex.ToString(), "程序已崩溃");
+                MessagePopup.Error(ex.ToString(), "程序已崩溃");
            }
        }

--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/BlendModeSFML.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/BlendModeSFML.cs
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// SFML 混合模式
-    /// </summary>
-    public static class BlendModeSFML
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Alpha Blend
-        /// <code>
-        /// res.c = src.c * src.a + dst.c * (1 - src.a)
-        /// res.a = src.a * 1     + dst.a * (1 - src.a)
-        /// </code>
-        /// </summary>
-        public static SFML.Graphics.BlendMode Normal = SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Alpha;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Additive Blend
-        /// <code>
-        /// res.c = src.c * src.a + dst.c * 1
-        /// res.a = src.a * 1     + dst.a * 1
-        /// </code>
-        /// </summary>
-        public static SFML.Graphics.BlendMode Additive = SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Add;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Multiply Blend (PremultipliedAlpha Only)
-        /// <code>
-        /// res.c = src.c * dst.c + dst.c * (1 - src.a)
-        /// res.a = src.a * 1     + dst.a * (1 - src.a)
-        /// </code>
-        /// </summary>
-        public static SFML.Graphics.BlendMode Multiply = new(
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Factor.DstColor,
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Factor.OneMinusSrcAlpha,
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Equation.Add,
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Factor.One,
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Factor.OneMinusSrcAlpha,
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Equation.Add
-        );
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Screen Blend (PremultipliedAlpha Only)
-        /// <code>
-        /// res.c = src.c * 1 + dst.c * (1 - src.c) = 1 - [(1 - src.c)(1 - dst.c)]
-        /// res.a = src.a * 1 + dst.a * (1 - src.a)
-        /// </code>
-        /// </summary>
-        public static SFML.Graphics.BlendMode Screen = new(
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Factor.One,
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Factor.OneMinusSrcColor,
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Equation.Add,
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Factor.One,
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Factor.OneMinusSrcAlpha,
-            SFML.Graphics.BlendMode.Equation.Add
-        );
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SkeletonConverter/SkeletonConverter38.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SkeletonConverter/SkeletonConverter38.cs
@@ -12,8 +12,45 @@ using System.Globalization;
 namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
 {
    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V38)]
-    class SkeletonConverter38 : SpineViewer.Spine.SkeletonConverter
+    public class SkeletonConverter38 : Spine.SkeletonConverter
    {
+        private static readonly Dictionary<TransformMode, string> TransformModeJsonValue = new()
+        {
+            [TransformMode.Normal] = "normal",
+            [TransformMode.OnlyTranslation] = "onlyTranslation",
+            [TransformMode.NoRotationOrReflection] = "noRotationOrReflection",
+            [TransformMode.NoScale] = "noScale",
+            [TransformMode.NoScaleOrReflection] = "noScaleOrReflection",
+        };
+
+        private static readonly Dictionary<BlendMode, string> BlendModeJsonValue = new()
+        {
+            [BlendMode.Normal] = "normal",
+            [BlendMode.Additive] = "additive",
+            [BlendMode.Multiply] = "multiply",
+            [BlendMode.Screen] = "screen",
+        };
+
+        private static readonly Dictionary<PositionMode, string> PositionModeJsonValue = new()
+        {
+            [PositionMode.Fixed] = "fixed",
+            [PositionMode.Percent] = "percent",
+        };
+
+        private static readonly Dictionary<SpacingMode, string> SpacingModeJsonValue = new()
+        {
+            [SpacingMode.Length] = "length",
+            [SpacingMode.Fixed] = "fixed",
+            [SpacingMode.Percent] = "percent",
+        };
+
+        private static readonly Dictionary<RotateMode, string> RotateModeJsonValue = new()
+        {
+            [RotateMode.Tangent] = "tangent",
+            [RotateMode.Chain] = "chain",
+            [RotateMode.ChainScale] = "chainScale",
+        };
+
        private BinaryReader reader = null;
        private JsonObject root = null;
        private bool nonessential = false;
@@ -44,6 +81,9 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter

            idx2event.Clear();

+            // 清理临时属性
+            foreach (var (_, data) in root["events"].AsObject()) data.AsObject().Remove("__name__");
+
            return root;
        }

@@ -90,7 +130,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                data["shearX"] = reader.ReadFloat();
                data["shearY"] = reader.ReadFloat();
                data["length"] = reader.ReadFloat();
-                data["transform"] = SkeletonBinary.TransformModeValues[reader.ReadVarInt()].ToString();
+                data["transform"] = TransformModeJsonValue[SkeletonBinary.TransformModeValues[reader.ReadVarInt()]];
                data["skin"] = reader.ReadBoolean();
                if (nonessential) reader.ReadInt();
                bones.Add(data);
@@ -111,7 +151,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                int dark = reader.ReadInt();
                if (dark != -1) data["dark"] = dark.ToString("x6"); // 0x00rrggbb -> rrggbb
                data["attachment"] = reader.ReadStringRef();
-                data["blend"] = ((BlendMode)reader.ReadVarInt()).ToString();
+                data["blend"] = BlendModeJsonValue[((BlendMode)reader.ReadVarInt())];
                slots.Add(data);
            }
            root["slots"] = slots;
@@ -181,9 +221,9 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                data["skin"] = reader.ReadBoolean();
                data["bones"] = ReadNames(bones);
                data["target"] = (string)bones[reader.ReadVarInt()]["name"];
-                data["positionMode"] = ((PositionMode)reader.ReadVarInt()).ToString();
-                data["spacingMode"] = ((SpacingMode)reader.ReadVarInt()).ToString();
-                data["rotateMode"] = ((RotateMode)reader.ReadVarInt()).ToString();
+                data["positionMode"] = PositionModeJsonValue[((PositionMode)reader.ReadVarInt())];
+                data["spacingMode"] = SpacingModeJsonValue[((SpacingMode)reader.ReadVarInt())];
+                data["rotateMode"] = RotateModeJsonValue[((RotateMode)reader.ReadVarInt())];
                data["rotation"] = reader.ReadFloat();
                data["position"] = reader.ReadFloat();
                data["spacing"] = reader.ReadFloat();
@@ -283,7 +323,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                    if (path is not null) attachment["path"] = path;
                    attachment["color"] = reader.ReadInt().ToString("x8");
                    vertexCount = reader.ReadVarInt();
-                    attachment["uvs"] = ReadFloatArray(vertexCount << 1); // vertexCount = uvs.Length
+                    attachment["uvs"] = ReadFloatArray(vertexCount << 1); // vertexCount = uvs.Length >> 1
                    attachment["triangles"] = ReadShortArray();
                    attachment["vertices"] = ReadVertices(vertexCount);
                    attachment["hull"] = reader.ReadVarInt();
@@ -348,7 +388,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                JsonObject data = [];
                var name = reader.ReadStringRef();
                events[name] = data;
-                data["name"] = name; // 额外增加的, 方便后面查找
+                data["__name__"] = name; // 数据里是不应该有这个字段的, 但是为了 ReadEventTimelines 里能够提供 name 字段, 临时增加了一下
                data["int"] = reader.ReadVarInt(false);
                data["float"] = reader.ReadFloat();
                data["string"] = reader.ReadString();
@@ -376,7 +416,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                if (ReadTransformTimelines() is JsonObject transform) data["transform"] = transform;
                if (ReadPathTimelines() is JsonObject path) data["path"] = path;
                if (ReadDeformTimelines() is JsonObject deform) data["deform"] = deform;
-                if (ReadDrawOrderTimelines() is JsonArray draworder) data["drawOrder"] = draworder;
+                if (ReadDrawOrderTimelines() is JsonArray draworder) data["draworder"] = draworder;
                if (ReadEventTimelines() is JsonArray events) data["events"] = events;
            }
            root["animations"] = animations;
@@ -592,7 +632,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                for (int timelineCount = reader.ReadVarInt(); timelineCount > 0; timelineCount--)
                {
                    JsonArray frames = [];
-                    var type = reader.ReadByte();
+                    var type = reader.ReadSByte();
                    var frameCount = reader.ReadVarInt();
                    switch (type)
                    {
@@ -600,11 +640,13 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                            timeline["position"] = frames;
                            while (frameCount-- > 0)
                            {
-                                frames.Add(new JsonObject()
+                                var o = new JsonObject()
                                {
                                    ["time"] = reader.ReadFloat(),
                                    ["position"] = reader.ReadFloat(),
-                                });
+                                };
+                                if (frameCount > 0) ReadCurve(o);
+                                frames.Add(o);
                            }
                            break;
                        case SkeletonBinary.PATH_SPACING:
@@ -671,8 +713,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                            var end = reader.ReadVarInt();
                            if (end > 0)
                            {
-                                var start = reader.ReadVarInt();
-                                o["offset"] = start;
+                                o["offset"] = reader.ReadVarInt();
                                o["vertices"] = ReadFloatArray(end);
                            }
                            if (frameCount > 0) ReadCurve(o);
@@ -719,14 +760,14 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                JsonObject data = [];
                data["time"] = reader.ReadFloat();
                JsonObject eventData = idx2event[reader.ReadVarInt()].AsObject();
-                data["name"] = (string)eventData["name"];
+                data["name"] = (string)eventData["__name__"];
                data["int"] = reader.ReadVarInt();
                data["float"] = reader.ReadFloat();
-                data["string"] = reader.ReadBoolean() ? reader.ReadString() : (string)eventData["string"];
+                if (reader.ReadBoolean()) data["string"] = reader.ReadString();
                if (eventData.ContainsKey("audio"))
                {
-                    data["volume"] = (string)eventData["volume"];
-                    data["balance"] = (string)eventData["balance"];
+                    data["volume"] = reader.ReadFloat();
+                    data["balance"] = reader.ReadFloat();
                }
                eventTimelines.Add(data);
            }
@@ -785,10 +826,6 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
            switch (type)
            {
                case SkeletonBinary.CURVE_LINEAR:
-                    obj["curve"] = 1 / 3f;
-                    obj["c2"] = 1 / 3f;
-                    obj["c3"] = 2 / 3f;
-                    obj["c4"] = 2 / 3f;
                    break;
                case SkeletonBinary.CURVE_STEPPED:
                    obj["curve"] = "stepped";
@@ -810,6 +847,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
        private readonly Dictionary<string, int> ik2idx = [];
        private readonly Dictionary<string, int> transform2idx = [];
        private readonly Dictionary<string, int> path2idx = [];
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, int> skin2idx = [];
        private readonly Dictionary<string, int> event2idx = [];

        public override void WriteBinary(JsonObject root, string binPath, bool nonessential = false)
@@ -818,7 +856,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
            this.root = root;

            using var outputBody = new MemoryStream(); // 先把主体写入内存缓冲区
-            writer = new(outputBody);
+            BinaryWriter tmpWriter = writer = new (outputBody);

            WriteBones();
            WriteSlots();
@@ -828,16 +866,28 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
            WriteSkins();
            WriteEvents();
            WriteAnimations();
-            
-            //using var output = File.Create(binPath); // 将数据写入文件
-            //writer = new(output);
+
+            using var output = File.Create(binPath); // 将数据写入文件
+            writer = new(output);
+
+            // 把字符串表保留过来
+            writer.StringTable.AddRange(tmpWriter.StringTable);

            WriteSkeleton();
            WriteStrings();
-            //output.Write(outputBody.GetBuffer());
+            outputBody.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            outputBody.CopyTo(output);

            writer = null;
            this.root = null;
+
+            bone2idx.Clear();
+            slot2idx.Clear();
+            ik2idx.Clear();
+            transform2idx.Clear();
+            path2idx.Clear();
+            skin2idx.Clear();
+            event2idx.Clear();
        }

        private void WriteSkeleton()
@@ -890,7 +940,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("shearX", out var shearX)) writer.WriteFloat((float)shearX); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("shearY", out var shearY)) writer.WriteFloat((float)shearY); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("length", out var length)) writer.WriteFloat((float)length); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
-                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("transform", out var transform)) writer.WriteVarInt((int)Enum.Parse<TransformMode>((string)transform, true)); else writer.WriteVarInt((int)TransformMode.Normal);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("transform", out var transform)) writer.WriteVarInt(Array.IndexOf(SkeletonBinary.TransformModeValues, Enum.Parse<TransformMode>((string)transform, true))); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("skin", out var skin)) writer.WriteBoolean((bool)skin); else writer.WriteBoolean(false);
                if (nonessential) writer.WriteInt(0);
                bone2idx[name] = i;
@@ -912,7 +962,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                var name = (string)data["name"];
                writer.WriteString(name);
                writer.WriteVarInt(bone2idx[(string)data["bone"]]);
-                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("color", out var color)) writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)color, NumberStyles.HexNumber)); else writer.WriteInt(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("color", out var color)) writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)color, NumberStyles.HexNumber)); else writer.WriteInt(-1); // 默认值是全 255
                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("dark", out var dark)) writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)dark, NumberStyles.HexNumber)); else writer.WriteInt(-1);
                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("attachment", out var attachment)) writer.WriteStringRef((string)attachment); else writer.WriteStringRef(null);
                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("blend", out var blend)) writer.WriteVarInt((int)Enum.Parse<BlendMode>((string)blend, true)); else writer.WriteVarInt((int)BlendMode.Normal);
@@ -1018,6 +1068,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
            {
                writer.WriteVarInt(0); // default 的 slotCount
                writer.WriteVarInt(0); // 其他皮肤数量
+                skin2idx["default"] = skin2idx.Count;
                return;
            }

@@ -1029,6 +1080,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                {
                    hasDefault = true;
                    WriteSkin(skin, true);
+                    skin2idx["default"] = skin2idx.Count;
                    break;
                }
            }
@@ -1045,8 +1097,12 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
            writer.WriteVarInt(skinCount);
            foreach (JsonObject skin in skins)
            {
-                if ((string)skin["name"] != "default")
+                var name = (string)skin["name"];
+                if (name != "default")
+                {
                    WriteSkin(skin);
+                    skin2idx[name] = skin2idx.Count;
+                }
            }
        }

@@ -1109,7 +1165,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("scaleY", out var scaleY)) writer.WriteFloat((float)scaleY); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("width", out var width)) writer.WriteFloat((float)width); else writer.WriteFloat(32);
                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("height", out var height)) writer.WriteFloat((float)height); else writer.WriteFloat(32);
-                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("color", out var color1)) writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)color1, NumberStyles.HexNumber)); else writer.WriteInt(0);
+                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("color", out var color1)) writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)color1, NumberStyles.HexNumber)); else writer.WriteInt(-1);
                    break;
                case AttachmentType.Boundingbox:
                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("vertexCount", out var _vertexCount1)) vertexCount = (int)_vertexCount1; else vertexCount = 0;
@@ -1119,10 +1175,10 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                    break;
                case AttachmentType.Mesh:
                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("path", out var path2)) writer.WriteStringRef((string)path2); else writer.WriteStringRef(null);
-                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("color", out var color2)) writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)color2, NumberStyles.HexNumber)); else writer.WriteInt(0);
-                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("vertexCount", out var _vertexCount2)) vertexCount = (int)_vertexCount2; else vertexCount = 0;
+                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("color", out var color2)) writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)color2, NumberStyles.HexNumber)); else writer.WriteInt(-1);
+                    vertexCount = attachment["uvs"].AsArray().Count >> 1;
                    writer.WriteVarInt(vertexCount);
-                    WriteFloatArray(attachment["uvs"].AsArray(), vertexCount << 1); // vertexCount = uvs.Length
+                    WriteFloatArray(attachment["uvs"].AsArray(), vertexCount << 1); // vertexCount = uvs.Length >> 1
                    WriteShortArray(attachment["triangles"].AsArray());
                    WriteVertices(attachment["vertices"].AsArray(), vertexCount);
                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("hull", out var hull)) writer.WriteVarInt((int)hull); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
@@ -1135,7 +1191,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                    break;
                case AttachmentType.Linkedmesh:
                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("path", out var path3)) writer.WriteStringRef((string)path3); else writer.WriteStringRef(null);
-                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("color", out var color3)) writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)color3, NumberStyles.HexNumber)); else writer.WriteInt(0);
+                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("color", out var color3)) writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)color3, NumberStyles.HexNumber)); else writer.WriteInt(-1);
                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("skin", out var skin)) writer.WriteStringRef((string)skin); else writer.WriteStringRef(null);
                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("parent", out var parent)) writer.WriteStringRef((string)parent); else writer.WriteStringRef(null);
                    if (attachment.TryGetPropertyValue("deform", out var deform)) writer.WriteBoolean((bool)deform); else writer.WriteBoolean(true);
@@ -1199,6 +1255,10 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                        if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("balance", out var balance)) writer.WriteFloat((float)balance); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
                    }
                }
+                else
+                {
+                    writer.WriteString(null);
+                }
                event2idx[name] = i++;
            }
        }
@@ -1210,11 +1270,333 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
                writer.WriteVarInt(0);
                return;
            }
-            JsonArray animations = root["animations"].AsArray();
+
+            JsonObject animations = root["animations"].AsObject();
            writer.WriteVarInt(animations.Count);
-            for (int i = 0, n = animations.Count; i < n; i++)
+            foreach (var (name, _data) in animations)
            {
-                throw new NotImplementedException();
+                JsonObject data = _data.AsObject();
+                writer.WriteString(name);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("slots", out var slots)) WriteSlotTimelines(slots.AsObject()); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("bones", out var bones)) WriteBoneTimelines(bones.AsObject()); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("ik", out var ik)) WriteIKTimelines(ik.AsObject()); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("transform", out var transform)) WriteTransformTimelines(transform.AsObject()); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("path", out var path)) WritePathTimelines(path.AsObject()); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("deform", out var deform)) WriteDeformTimelines(deform.AsObject()); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("drawOrder", out var drawOrder)) WriteDrawOrderTimelines(drawOrder.AsArray()); else 
+                    if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("draworder", out var draworder)) WriteDrawOrderTimelines(draworder.AsArray()); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("events", out var events)) WriteEventTimelines(events.AsArray()); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteSlotTimelines(JsonObject slotTimelines)
+        {
+            writer.WriteVarInt(slotTimelines.Count);
+            foreach (var (name, _timeline) in slotTimelines)
+            {
+                JsonObject timeline = _timeline.AsObject();
+                writer.WriteVarInt(slot2idx[name]);
+                writer.WriteVarInt(timeline.Count);
+                foreach (var (type, _frames) in timeline)
+                {
+                    JsonArray frames = _frames.AsArray();
+                    if (type == "attachment")
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.SLOT_ATTACHMENT);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        foreach (JsonObject o in frames)
+                        {
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            writer.WriteStringRef((string)o["name"]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (type == "color")
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.SLOT_COLOR);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                        {
+                            JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)o["color"], NumberStyles.HexNumber));
+                            if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (type == "twoColor")
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.SLOT_TWO_COLOR);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                        {
+                            JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)o["light"], NumberStyles.HexNumber));
+                            writer.WriteInt(int.Parse((string)o["dark"], NumberStyles.HexNumber));
+                            if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteBoneTimelines(JsonObject boneTimelines)
+        {
+            writer.WriteVarInt(boneTimelines.Count);
+            foreach (var (name, _timeline) in boneTimelines)
+            {
+                JsonObject timeline = _timeline.AsObject();
+                writer.WriteVarInt(bone2idx[name]);
+                writer.WriteVarInt(timeline.Count);
+                foreach (var (type, _frames) in timeline)
+                {
+                    JsonArray frames = _frames.AsArray();
+                    if (type == "rotate")
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.BONE_ROTATE);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                        {
+                            JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("angle", out var angle)) writer.WriteFloat((float)angle); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (type == "translate")
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.BONE_TRANSLATE);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                        {
+                            JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("x", out var x)) writer.WriteFloat((float)x); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("y", out var y)) writer.WriteFloat((float)y); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (type == "scale")
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.BONE_SCALE);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                        {
+                            JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("x", out var x)) writer.WriteFloat((float)x); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("y", out var y)) writer.WriteFloat((float)y); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                            if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (type == "shear")
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.BONE_SHEAR);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                        {
+                            JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("x", out var x)) writer.WriteFloat((float)x); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("y", out var y)) writer.WriteFloat((float)y); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteIKTimelines(JsonObject ikTimelines)
+        {
+            writer.WriteVarInt(ikTimelines.Count);
+            foreach (var (name, _frames) in ikTimelines)
+            {
+                JsonArray frames = _frames.AsArray();
+                writer.WriteVarInt(ik2idx[name]);
+                writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                {
+                    JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("mix", out var mix)) writer.WriteFloat((float)mix); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("softness", out var softness)) writer.WriteFloat((float)softness); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("bendPositive", out var bendPositive)) writer.WriteSByte((sbyte)((bool)bendPositive ? 1 : -1)); else writer.WriteSByte(1);
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("compress", out var compress)) writer.WriteBoolean((bool)compress); else writer.WriteBoolean(false);
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("stretch", out var stretch)) writer.WriteBoolean((bool)stretch); else writer.WriteBoolean(false);
+                    if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteTransformTimelines(JsonObject transformTimelines)
+        {
+            writer.WriteVarInt(transformTimelines.Count);
+            foreach (var (name, _frames) in transformTimelines)
+            {
+                JsonArray frames = _frames.AsArray();
+                writer.WriteVarInt(transform2idx[name]);
+                writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                {
+                    JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("rotateMix", out var rotateMix)) writer.WriteFloat((float)rotateMix); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("translateMix", out var translateMix)) writer.WriteFloat((float)translateMix); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("scaleMix", out var scaleMix)) writer.WriteFloat((float)scaleMix); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("shearMix", out var shearMix)) writer.WriteFloat((float)shearMix); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                    if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WritePathTimelines(JsonObject pathTimelines)
+        {
+            writer.WriteVarInt(pathTimelines.Count);
+            foreach (var (name, _timeline) in pathTimelines)
+            {
+                JsonObject timeline = _timeline.AsObject();
+                writer.WriteVarInt(path2idx[name]);
+                writer.WriteVarInt(timeline.Count);
+                foreach (var (type, _frame) in timeline)
+                {
+                    JsonArray frames = _frame.AsArray();
+                    if (type == "position")
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.PATH_POSITION);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                        {
+                            JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("position", out var position)) writer.WriteFloat((float)position); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (type == "spacing")
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.PATH_SPACING);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                        {
+                            JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("spacing", out var spacing)) writer.WriteFloat((float)spacing); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (type == "mix")
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.PATH_MIX);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                        {
+                            JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("rotateMix", out var rotateMix)) writer.WriteFloat((float)rotateMix); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("translateMix", out var translateMix)) writer.WriteFloat((float)translateMix); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                            if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteDeformTimelines(JsonObject deformTimelines)
+        {
+            writer.WriteVarInt(deformTimelines.Count);
+            foreach (var (skinName, _skinValue) in deformTimelines)
+            {
+                JsonObject skinValue = _skinValue.AsObject();
+                writer.WriteVarInt(skin2idx[skinName]);
+                writer.WriteVarInt(skinValue.Count);
+                foreach (var (slotName, _slotValue) in skinValue)
+                {
+                    JsonObject slotValue = _slotValue.AsObject();
+                    writer.WriteVarInt(slot2idx[slotName]);
+                    writer.WriteVarInt(slotValue.Count);
+                    foreach (var (attachmentName, _frames) in slotValue)
+                    {
+                        JsonArray frames = _frames.AsArray();
+                        writer.WriteStringRef(attachmentName);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(frames.Count);
+                        for (int i = 0, n = frames.Count; i < n; i++)
+                        {
+                            JsonObject o = frames[i].AsObject();
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                            if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("vertices", out var _vertices))
+                            {
+                                JsonArray vertices = _vertices.AsArray();
+                                writer.WriteVarInt(vertices.Count);
+                                if (vertices.Count > 0)
+                                {
+                                    if (o.TryGetPropertyValue("offset", out var offset)) writer.WriteVarInt((int)offset); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                                    WriteFloatArray(vertices, vertices.Count);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                            }
+                            if (i < n - 1) WriteCurve(o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteDrawOrderTimelines(JsonArray drawOrderTimelines)
+        {
+            writer.WriteVarInt(drawOrderTimelines.Count);
+            foreach (JsonObject data in drawOrderTimelines)
+            {
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("offsets", out var _offsets))
+                {
+                    JsonArray offsets = _offsets.AsArray();
+                    writer.WriteVarInt(offsets.Count);
+                    foreach (JsonObject o in offsets)
+                    {
+                        writer.WriteVarInt(slot2idx[(string)o["slot"]]);
+                        writer.WriteVarInt((int)o["offset"]);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteEventTimelines(JsonArray eventTimelines)
+        {
+            JsonObject events = root["events"].AsObject();
+
+            writer.WriteVarInt(eventTimelines.Count);
+            foreach(JsonObject data in eventTimelines)
+            {
+                JsonObject eventData = events[(string)data["name"]].AsObject();
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("time", out var time)) writer.WriteFloat((float)time); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                writer.WriteVarInt(event2idx[(string)data["name"]]);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("int", out var @int)) writer.WriteVarInt((int)@int); else
+                    if (eventData.TryGetPropertyValue("int", out var @int2)) writer.WriteVarInt((int)@int2); else writer.WriteVarInt(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("float", out var @float)) writer.WriteFloat((float)@float); else
+                    if (eventData.TryGetPropertyValue("float", out var @float2)) writer.WriteFloat((float)@float2); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("string", out var @string))
+                {
+                    writer.WriteBoolean(true);
+                    writer.WriteString((string)@string);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    writer.WriteBoolean(false);
+                }
+
+                if (eventData.ContainsKey("audio"))
+                {
+                    if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("volume", out var volume)) writer.WriteFloat((float)volume); else
+                        if (eventData.TryGetPropertyValue("volume", out var volume2)) writer.WriteFloat((float)volume2); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                    if (data.TryGetPropertyValue("balance", out var balance)) writer.WriteFloat((float)balance); else
+                        if (eventData.TryGetPropertyValue("balance", out var balance2)) writer.WriteFloat((float)balance2); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                }
            }
        }

@@ -1234,7 +1616,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
        public void WriteShortArray(JsonArray array)
        {
            writer.WriteVarInt(array.Count);
-            foreach (uint i in array)
+            foreach (int i in array)
            {
                writer.WriteByte((byte)(i >> 8));
                writer.WriteByte((byte)i);
@@ -1267,6 +1649,29 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SkeletonConverter
            }
        }

+        private void WriteCurve(JsonObject obj)
+        {
+            if (obj.TryGetPropertyValue("curve", out var curve))
+            {
+                if (curve.GetValueKind() == JsonValueKind.String)
+                {
+                    writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.CURVE_STEPPED);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.CURVE_BEZIER);
+                    writer.WriteFloat((float)curve);
+                    if (obj.TryGetPropertyValue("c2", out var c2)) writer.WriteFloat((float)c2); else writer.WriteFloat(0);
+                    if (obj.TryGetPropertyValue("c3", out var c3)) writer.WriteFloat((float)c3); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                    if (obj.TryGetPropertyValue("c4", out var c4)) writer.WriteFloat((float)c4); else writer.WriteFloat(1);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                writer.WriteByte(SkeletonBinary.CURVE_LINEAR);
+            }
+        }
+
        public override JsonObject ReadJson(string jsonPath)
        {
            // replace 3.8.75 to another version to avoid detection in official runtime
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine21.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine21.cs
@@ -1,401 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using SpineRuntime21;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.Spine
-{
-    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V21)]
-    internal class Spine21 : SpineViewer.Spine.Spine
-    {
-        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
-
-        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime21.TextureLoader
-        {
-            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
-            {
-                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
-                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
-                    texture.Smooth = true;
-                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
-                    texture.Repeated = true;
-
-                page.rendererObject = texture;
-            }
-
-            public void Unload(object texture)
-            {
-                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
-            }
-        }
-        private static TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
-
-        private Atlas atlas;
-        private SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
-        private SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
-        private SkeletonData skeletonData;
-        private AnimationStateData animationStateData;
-
-        private Skeleton skeleton;
-        private AnimationState animationState;
-
-        // 2.1.x 不支持剪裁
-        //private SkeletonClipping clipping = new(); 
-
-        public Spine21(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
-        {
-            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
-            try
-            {
-                // 先尝试二进制文件
-                skeletonJson = null;
-                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
-                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-            }
-            catch
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
-                    skeletonBinary = null;
-                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
-                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-                catch
-                {
-                    // 都不行就报错
-                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
-                }
-            }
-
-            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
-                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
-
-            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
-                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
-
-            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
-            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
-            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
-        }
-
-        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
-        {
-            base.Dispose(disposing);
-            atlas.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
-
-        protected override float scale
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                if (skeletonBinary is not null)
-                    return skeletonBinary.Scale;
-                else if (skeletonJson is not null)
-                    return skeletonJson.Scale;
-                else
-                    return 1f;
-            }
-            set
-            {
-                // 保存状态
-                var pos = position;
-                var fX = flipX;
-                var fY = flipY;
-                var animation = track0Animation; // TODO: 适配多轨道
-                var sk = skin;
-
-                var val = Math.Max(value, SCALE_MIN);
-                if (skeletonBinary is not null)
-                {
-                    skeletonBinary.Scale = val;
-                    skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-                else if (skeletonJson is not null)
-                {
-                    skeletonJson.Scale = val;
-                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-
-                // reload skel-dependent data
-                animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData) { DefaultMix = animationStateData.DefaultMix };
-                skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
-                animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
-
-                // 恢复状态
-                position = pos;
-                flipX = fX;
-                flipY = fY;
-                track0Animation = animation; // TODO: 适配多轨道
-                skin = sk;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override PointF position
-        {
-            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.X = value.X;
-                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipX
-        {
-            get => skeleton.FlipX;
-            set => skeleton.FlipX = value;
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipY
-        {
-            get => skeleton.FlipY;
-            set => skeleton.FlipY = value;
-        }
-
-        protected override string skin
-        {
-            get => skeleton.Skin?.Name ?? "default";
-            set
-            {
-                if (!skinNames.Contains(value)) return;
-                skeleton.SetSkin(value);
-                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string track0Animation
-        {
-            get => animationState.GetCurrent(0)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
-            set
-            {
-                if (value == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, EmptyAnimation, false);
-                else if (animationNames.Contains(value))
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, value, true);
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override RectangleF bounds
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                float[] temp = new float[8];
-                var drawOrderItems = skeleton.DrawOrder;
-                float minX = int.MaxValue, minY = int.MaxValue, maxX = int.MinValue, maxY = int.MinValue;
-                for (int i = 0, n = skeleton.DrawOrder.Count; i < n; i++)
-                {
-                    Slot slot = drawOrderItems[i];
-                    int verticesLength = 0;
-                    float[] vertices = null;
-                    Attachment attachment = slot.Attachment;
-                    var regionAttachment = attachment as RegionAttachment;
-                    if (regionAttachment != null)
-                    {
-                        verticesLength = 8;
-                        vertices = temp;
-                        if (vertices.Length < 8) vertices = temp = new float[8];
-                        regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, temp);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        var meshAttachment = attachment as MeshAttachment;
-                        if (meshAttachment != null)
-                        {
-                            MeshAttachment mesh = meshAttachment;
-                            verticesLength = mesh.Vertices.Length;
-                            vertices = temp;
-                            if (vertices.Length < verticesLength) vertices = temp = new float[verticesLength];
-                            mesh.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, temp);
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    if (vertices != null)
-                    {
-                        for (int ii = 0; ii < verticesLength; ii += 2)
-                        {
-                            float vx = vertices[ii], vy = vertices[ii + 1];
-                            minX = Math.Min(minX, vx);
-                            minY = Math.Min(minY, vy);
-                            maxX = Math.Max(maxX, vx);
-                            maxY = Math.Max(maxY, vy);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                return new RectangleF(minX, minY, maxX - minX, maxY - minY);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
-
-        protected override void update(float delta)
-        {
-            animationState.Update(delta);
-            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
-            skeleton.Update(delta);
-            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
-        }
-
-        //private SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
-        //{
-        //    return spineBlendMode switch
-        //    {
-        //        BlendMode.Normal => BlendMode.Normal,
-        //        BlendMode.Additive => BlendMode.Additive,
-        //        BlendMode.Multiply => BlendMode.Multiply,
-        //        BlendMode.Screen => BlendMode.Screen,
-        //        _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
-        //    };
-        //}
-
-        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
-        {
-            vertexArray.Clear();
-            states.Texture = null;
-
-            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
-            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
-            {
-                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
-
-                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
-                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
-                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
-                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
-                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
-                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
-                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
-                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
-                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
-
-                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVertices);
-                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
-                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    if (meshAttachment.Vertices.Length > worldVertices.Length)
-                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.Vertices.Length * 2];
-                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
-                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.Vertices.Length / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
-                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
-                }
-                // 2.1.x 不支持剪裁
-                //else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
-                //{
-                //    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
-                //    continue;
-                //}
-                else
-                {
-                    //clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // 似乎 2.1.x 也没有 BlendMode
-                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = slot.Data.AdditiveBlending ? BlendModeSFML.Additive : BlendModeSFML.Normal;
-
-                states.Texture ??= texture;
-                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
-                {
-                    if (vertexArray.VertexCount > 0)
-                    {
-                        if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                            states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-                        else
-                            states.Shader = null;
-
-                        // 调试纹理
-                        if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                            target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-                        vertexArray.Clear();
-                    }
-                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
-                    states.Texture = texture;
-                }
-
-                //if (clipping.IsClipping)
-                //{
-                //    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
-                //    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
-                //    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
-                //    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
-                //    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
-                //    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
-                //    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
-                //}
-
-                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
-                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
-                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
-                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
-                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
-                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
-
-                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
-                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
-                {
-                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
-                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
-                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
-                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
-                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
-                    vertexArray.Append(vertex);
-                }
-
-                //clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-            }
-
-            if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-            else
-                states.Shader = null;
-            //clipping.ClipEnd();
-
-            // 调试纹理
-            if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-            // 包围盒
-            if (isDebug && isSelected && debugBounds)
-            {
-                var b = bounds;
-                boundsVertices[0] = boundsVertices[4] = new(new(b.Left, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[1] = new(new(b.Right, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[2] = new(new(b.Right, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[3] = new(new(b.Left, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                target.Draw(boundsVertices);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine36.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine36.cs
@@ -1,358 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using SpineRuntime36;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.Spine
-{
-    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V36)]
-    internal class Spine36 : SpineViewer.Spine.Spine
-    {
-        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
-
-        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime36.TextureLoader
-        {
-            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
-            {
-                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
-                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
-                    texture.Smooth = true;
-                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
-                    texture.Repeated = true;
-
-                page.rendererObject = texture;
-            }
-
-            public void Unload(object texture)
-            {
-                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
-            }
-        }
-        private static TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
-
-        private Atlas atlas;
-        private SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
-        private SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
-        private SkeletonData skeletonData;
-        private AnimationStateData animationStateData;
-
-        private Skeleton skeleton;
-        private AnimationState animationState;
-
-        private SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
-
-        public Spine36(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
-        {
-            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
-            try
-            {
-                // 先尝试二进制文件
-                skeletonJson = null;
-                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
-                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-            }
-            catch
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
-                    skeletonBinary = null;
-                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
-                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-                catch
-                {
-                    // 都不行就报错
-                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
-                }
-            }
-
-            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
-                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
-
-            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
-                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
-
-            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
-            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
-            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
-        }
-
-        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
-        {
-            base.Dispose(disposing);
-            atlas.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
-
-        protected override float scale
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                if (skeletonBinary is not null)
-                    return skeletonBinary.Scale;
-                else if (skeletonJson is not null)
-                    return skeletonJson.Scale;
-                else
-                    return 1f;
-            }
-            set
-            {
-                // 保存状态
-                var pos = position;
-                var fX = flipX;
-                var fY = flipY;
-                var animation = track0Animation; // TODO: 适配多轨道
-                var sk = skin;
-
-                var val = Math.Max(value, SCALE_MIN);
-                if (skeletonBinary is not null)
-                {
-                    skeletonBinary.Scale = val;
-                    skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-                else if (skeletonJson is not null)
-                {
-                    skeletonJson.Scale = val;
-                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-
-                // reload skel-dependent data
-                animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData) { DefaultMix = animationStateData.DefaultMix };
-                skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
-                animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
-
-                // 恢复状态
-                position = pos;
-                flipX = fX;
-                flipY = fY;
-                track0Animation = animation; // TODO: 适配多轨道
-                skin = sk;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override PointF position 
-        { 
-            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y); 
-            set 
-            { 
-                skeleton.X = value.X; 
-                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
-            } 
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipX
-        {
-            get => skeleton.FlipX;
-            set => skeleton.FlipX = value;
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipY
-        {
-            get => skeleton.FlipY;
-            set => skeleton.FlipY = value;
-        }
-
-        protected override string skin
-        {
-            get => skeleton.Skin?.Name ?? "default";
-            set
-            {
-                if (!skinNames.Contains(value)) return;
-                skeleton.SetSkin(value);
-                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string track0Animation
-        {
-            get => animationState.GetCurrent(0)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
-            set
-            {
-                if (value == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, EmptyAnimation, false);
-                else if (animationNames.Contains(value))
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, value, true);
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override RectangleF bounds
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                float[] _ = [];
-                skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
-                return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
-
-        protected override void update(float delta)
-        {
-            animationState.Update(delta);
-            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
-            skeleton.Update(delta);
-            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
-        }
-
-        private SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
-        {
-            return spineBlendMode switch
-            {
-                BlendMode.Normal => BlendModeSFML.Normal,
-                BlendMode.Additive => BlendModeSFML.Additive,
-                BlendMode.Multiply => BlendModeSFML.Multiply,
-                BlendMode.Screen => BlendModeSFML.Screen,
-                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
-            };
-        }
-
-        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
-        {
-            vertexArray.Clear();
-            states.Texture = null;
-
-            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
-            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
-            {
-                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
-
-                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
-                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
-                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
-                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
-                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
-                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
-                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
-                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
-                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
-
-                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVertices, 0);
-                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
-                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
-                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
-                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
-                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
-                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
-
-                states.Texture ??= texture;
-                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
-                {
-                    if (vertexArray.VertexCount > 0)
-                    {
-                        if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                            states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-                        else
-                            states.Shader = null;
-
-                        // 调试纹理
-                        if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                            target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-                        vertexArray.Clear();
-                    }
-                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
-                    states.Texture = texture;
-                }
-
-                if (clipping.IsClipping)
-                {
-                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
-                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
-                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
-                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
-                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
-                }
-
-                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
-                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
-                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
-                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
-                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
-                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
-
-                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
-                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
-                {
-                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
-                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
-                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
-                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
-                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
-                    vertexArray.Append(vertex);
-                }
-
-                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-            }
-            clipping.ClipEnd();
-
-            if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-            else
-                states.Shader = null;
-
-            // 调试纹理
-            if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-            // 包围盒
-            if (isDebug && isSelected && debugBounds)
-            {
-                var b = bounds;
-                boundsVertices[0] = boundsVertices[4] = new(new(b.Left, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[1] = new(new(b.Right, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[2] = new(new(b.Right, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[3] = new(new(b.Left, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                target.Draw(boundsVertices);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine37.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine37.cs
@@ -1,329 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using SpineRuntime37;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.Spine
-{
-    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V37)]
-    internal class Spine37 : SpineViewer.Spine.Spine
-    {
-        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
-
-        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime37.TextureLoader
-        {
-            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
-            {
-                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
-                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
-                    texture.Smooth = true;
-                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
-                    texture.Repeated = true;
-
-                page.rendererObject = texture;
-            }
-
-            public void Unload(object texture)
-            {
-                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
-
-        private Atlas atlas;
-        private SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
-        private SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
-        private SkeletonData skeletonData;
-        private AnimationStateData animationStateData;
-
-        private Skeleton skeleton;
-        private AnimationState animationState;
-
-        private SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
-
-        public Spine37(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
-        {
-            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
-            try
-            {
-                // 先尝试二进制文件
-                skeletonJson = null;
-                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
-                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-            }
-            catch
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
-                    skeletonBinary = null;
-                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
-                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-                catch
-                {
-                    // 都不行就报错
-                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
-                }
-            }
-
-            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
-                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
-
-            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
-                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
-
-            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
-            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
-            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
-        }
-
-        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
-        {
-            base.Dispose(disposing);
-            atlas.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
-
-        protected override float scale
-        {
-            get => Math.Abs(skeleton.ScaleX);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.ScaleX = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleX) * value;
-                skeleton.ScaleY = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleY) * value;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override PointF position
-        {
-            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.X = value.X;
-                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipX
-        {
-            get => skeleton.ScaleX < 0;
-            set
-            {
-                if (skeleton.ScaleX > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleX < 0 && !value)
-                    skeleton.ScaleX *= -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipY
-        {
-            get => skeleton.ScaleY < 0;
-            set
-            {
-                if (skeleton.ScaleY > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleY < 0 && !value)
-                    skeleton.ScaleY *= -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string skin
-        {
-            get => skeleton.Skin?.Name ?? "default";
-            set
-            {
-                if (!skinNames.Contains(value)) return;
-                skeleton.SetSkin(value);
-                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string track0Animation
-        {
-            get => animationState.GetCurrent(0)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
-            set
-            {
-                if (value == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, EmptyAnimation, false);
-                else if (animationNames.Contains(value))
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, value, true);
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override RectangleF bounds
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                float[] _ = [];
-                skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
-                return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
-
-        protected override void update(float delta)
-        {
-            animationState.Update(delta);
-            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
-            skeleton.Update(delta);
-            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
-        }
-
-        private SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
-        {
-            return spineBlendMode switch
-            {
-                BlendMode.Normal => BlendModeSFML.Normal,
-                BlendMode.Additive => BlendModeSFML.Additive,
-                BlendMode.Multiply => BlendModeSFML.Multiply,
-                BlendMode.Screen => BlendModeSFML.Screen,
-                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
-            };
-        }
-
-        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
-        {
-            vertexArray.Clear();
-            states.Texture = null;
-
-            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
-            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
-            {
-                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
-
-                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
-                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
-                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
-                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
-                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
-                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
-                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
-                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
-                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
-
-                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVertices, 0);
-                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
-                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
-                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
-                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
-                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
-                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
-
-                states.Texture ??= texture;
-                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
-                {
-                    if (vertexArray.VertexCount > 0)
-                    {
-                        // XXX: 实测不用设置 sampler2D 的值也正确
-                        if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                            states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-                        else
-                            states.Shader = null;
-
-                        // 调试纹理
-                        if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                            target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-                        vertexArray.Clear();
-                    }
-                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
-                    states.Texture = texture;
-                }
-
-                if (clipping.IsClipping)
-                {
-                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
-                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
-                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
-                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
-                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
-                }
-
-                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
-                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
-                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
-                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
-                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
-                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
-
-                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
-                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
-                {
-                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
-                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
-                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
-                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
-                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
-                    vertexArray.Append(vertex);
-                }
-
-                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-            }
-            clipping.ClipEnd();
-
-            if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-            else
-                states.Shader = null;
-
-            // 调试纹理
-            if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-            // 包围盒
-            if (isDebug && isSelected && debugBounds)
-            {
-                var b = bounds;
-                boundsVertices[0] = boundsVertices[4] = new(new(b.Left, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[1] = new(new(b.Right, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[2] = new(new(b.Right, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[3] = new(new(b.Left, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                target.Draw(boundsVertices);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine38.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine38.cs
@@ -1,335 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using SpineRuntime38;
-using SpineRuntime38.Attachments;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.Spine
-{
-    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V38)]
-    internal class Spine38 : SpineViewer.Spine.Spine
-    {
-        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
-
-        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime38.TextureLoader
-        {
-            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
-            {
-                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
-                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
-                    texture.Smooth = true;
-                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
-                    texture.Repeated = true;
-                
-                page.rendererObject = texture;
-                // 似乎是不需要设置的, 因为存在某些 png 和 atlas 大小不同的情况, 一般是有一些缩放, 如果设置了反而渲染异常
-                // page.width = (int)texture.Size.X;
-                // page.height = (int)texture.Size.Y;
-            }
-
-            public void Unload(object texture)
-            {
-                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
-
-        private Atlas atlas;
-        private SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
-        private SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
-        private SkeletonData skeletonData;
-        private AnimationStateData animationStateData;
-
-        private Skeleton skeleton;
-        private AnimationState animationState;
-
-        private SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
-
-        public Spine38(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
-        {
-            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
-            try
-            {
-                // 先尝试二进制文件
-                skeletonJson = null;
-                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
-                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-            }
-            catch
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
-                    skeletonBinary = null;
-                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
-                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-                catch
-                {
-                    // 都不行就报错
-                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
-                }
-            }
-
-            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
-                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
-
-            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
-                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
-
-            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
-            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
-            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
-        }
-
-        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
-        {
-            base.Dispose(disposing);
-            atlas.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
-
-        protected override float scale
-        {
-            get => Math.Abs(skeleton.ScaleX);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.ScaleX = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleX) * value;
-                skeleton.ScaleY = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleY) * value;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override PointF position
-        {
-            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.X = value.X;
-                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipX
-        {
-            get => skeleton.ScaleX < 0;
-            set
-            {
-                if (skeleton.ScaleX > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleX < 0 && !value)
-                    skeleton.ScaleX *= -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipY
-        {
-            get => skeleton.ScaleY < 0;
-            set
-            {
-                if (skeleton.ScaleY > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleY < 0 && !value)
-                    skeleton.ScaleY *= -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string skin
-        {
-            get => skeleton.Skin?.Name ?? "default";
-            set
-            {
-                if (!skinNames.Contains(value)) return;
-                skeleton.SetSkin(value);
-                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string track0Animation
-        {
-            get => animationState.GetCurrent(0)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
-            set 
-            {
-                if (value == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, EmptyAnimation, false);
-                else if (animationNames.Contains(value))
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, value, true);
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override RectangleF bounds
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                float[] _ = [];
-                skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
-                return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
-
-        protected override void update(float delta)
-        {
-            animationState.Update(delta);
-            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
-            skeleton.Update(delta);
-            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
-        }
-
-        private SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
-        {
-            return spineBlendMode switch
-            {
-                BlendMode.Normal => BlendModeSFML.Normal,
-                BlendMode.Additive => BlendModeSFML.Additive,
-                BlendMode.Multiply => BlendModeSFML.Multiply,
-                BlendMode.Screen => BlendModeSFML.Screen,
-                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
-            };
-        }
-
-        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
-        {
-            vertexArray.Clear();
-            states.Texture = null;
-
-            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
-            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
-            {
-                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
-                
-                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
-                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
-                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
-                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
-                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
-                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
-                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
-                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
-                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
-
-                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVertices, 0);
-                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
-                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
-                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
-                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
-                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
-                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
-
-                states.Texture ??= texture;
-                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
-                {
-                    if (vertexArray.VertexCount > 0)
-                    {
-                        // XXX: 实测不用设置 sampler2D 的值也正确
-                        if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                            states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-                        else
-                            states.Shader = null;
-
-                        // 调试纹理
-                        if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                            target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-                        vertexArray.Clear();
-                    }
-                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
-                    states.Texture = texture;
-                }
-
-                if (clipping.IsClipping)
-                {
-                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
-                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
-                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
-                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
-                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
-                }
-
-                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
-                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
-                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
-                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
-                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
-                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
-
-                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
-                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
-                {
-                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
-                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
-                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
-                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
-                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
-                    vertexArray.Append(vertex);
-                }
-
-                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-            }
-            clipping.ClipEnd();
-
-            if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-            else
-                states.Shader = null;
-
-            // 调试纹理
-            if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-            // 调试包围盒
-            if (isDebug && isSelected && debugBounds)
-            {
-                var b = bounds;
-                boundsVertices[0] = boundsVertices[4] = new(new(b.Left, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[1] = new(new(b.Right, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[2] = new(new(b.Right, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[3] = new(new(b.Left, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                target.Draw(boundsVertices);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine40.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine40.cs
@@ -1,331 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using SpineRuntime40;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.Spine
-{
-    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V40)]
-    internal class Spine40 : SpineViewer.Spine.Spine
-    {
-        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
-
-        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime40.TextureLoader
-        {
-            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
-            {
-                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
-                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
-                    texture.Smooth = true;
-                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
-                    texture.Repeated = true;
-                
-                page.rendererObject = texture;
-            }
-
-            public void Unload(object texture)
-            {
-                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
-
-        private Atlas atlas;
-        private SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
-        private SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
-        private SkeletonData skeletonData;
-        private AnimationStateData animationStateData;
-
-        private Skeleton skeleton;
-        private AnimationState animationState;
-
-        private SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
-
-        public Spine40(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
-        {
-            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
-            try
-            {
-                // 先尝试二进制文件
-                skeletonJson = null;
-                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
-                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-            }
-            catch
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
-                    skeletonBinary = null;
-                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
-                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-                catch
-                {
-                    // 都不行就报错
-                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
-                }
-            }
-
-            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
-                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
-
-            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
-                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
-
-            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
-            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
-            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
-        }
-
-        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
-        {
-            base.Dispose(disposing);
-            atlas.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
-
-        protected override float scale
-        {
-            get => Math.Abs(skeleton.ScaleX);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.ScaleX = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleX) * value;
-                skeleton.ScaleY = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleY) * value;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override PointF position
-        {
-            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.X = value.X;
-                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipX
-        {
-            get => skeleton.ScaleX < 0;
-            set
-            {
-                if (skeleton.ScaleX > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleX < 0 && !value)
-                    skeleton.ScaleX *= -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipY
-        {
-            get => skeleton.ScaleY < 0;
-            set
-            {
-                if (skeleton.ScaleY > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleY < 0 && !value)
-                    skeleton.ScaleY *= -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string skin
-        {
-            get => skeleton.Skin?.Name ?? "default";
-            set
-            {
-                if (!skinNames.Contains(value)) return;
-                skeleton.SetSkin(value);
-                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string track0Animation
-        {
-            get => animationState.GetCurrent(0)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
-            set
-            {
-                if (value == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, EmptyAnimation, false);
-                else if (animationNames.Contains(value))
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, value, true);
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override RectangleF bounds
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                float[] _ = [];
-                skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
-                return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
-
-        protected override void update(float delta)
-        {
-            animationState.Update(delta);
-            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
-            skeleton.Update(delta);
-            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
-        }
-
-        private SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
-        {
-            return spineBlendMode switch
-            {
-                BlendMode.Normal => BlendModeSFML.Normal,
-                BlendMode.Additive => BlendModeSFML.Additive,
-                BlendMode.Multiply => BlendModeSFML.Multiply,
-                BlendMode.Screen => BlendModeSFML.Screen,
-                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
-            };
-        }
-
-        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
-        {
-            vertexArray.Clear();
-            states.Texture = null;
-
-            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
-            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
-            {
-                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
-                
-                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
-                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
-                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
-                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
-                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
-                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
-                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
-                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
-                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
-
-                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVertices, 0);
-                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
-                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
-                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
-                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
-                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
-                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
-
-                states.Texture ??= texture;
-                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
-                {
-                    if (vertexArray.VertexCount > 0)
-                    {
-                        // XXX: 实测不用设置 sampler2D 的值也正确
-                        if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                            states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-                        else
-                            states.Shader = null;
-
-                        // 调试纹理
-                        if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                            target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-                        vertexArray.Clear();
-                    }
-                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
-                    states.Texture = texture;
-                }
-
-                if (clipping.IsClipping)
-                {
-                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
-                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
-                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
-                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
-                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
-                }
-
-                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
-                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
-                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
-                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
-                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
-                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
-
-                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
-                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
-                {
-                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
-                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
-                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
-                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
-                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
-                    vertexArray.Append(vertex);
-                }
-
-                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-            }
-            clipping.ClipEnd();
-
-            if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-            else
-                states.Shader = null;
-
-            // 调试纹理
-            if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-            // 包围盒
-            if (isDebug && isSelected && debugBounds)
-            {
-                var b = bounds;
-                boundsVertices[0] = boundsVertices[4] = new(new(b.Left, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[1] = new(new(b.Right, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[2] = new(new(b.Right, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[3] = new(new(b.Left, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                target.Draw(boundsVertices);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine41.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine41.cs
@@ -1,331 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using SpineRuntime41;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.Spine
-{
-    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V41)]
-    internal class Spine41 : SpineViewer.Spine.Spine
-    {
-        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
-
-        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime41.TextureLoader
-        {
-            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
-            {
-                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
-                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
-                    texture.Smooth = true;
-                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
-                    texture.Repeated = true;
-                
-                page.rendererObject = texture;
-            }
-
-            public void Unload(object texture)
-            {
-                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
-
-        private Atlas atlas;
-        private SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
-        private SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
-        private SkeletonData skeletonData;
-        private AnimationStateData animationStateData;
-
-        private Skeleton skeleton;
-        private AnimationState animationState;
-
-        private SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
-
-        public Spine41(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
-        {
-            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
-            try
-            {
-                // 先尝试二进制文件
-                skeletonJson = null;
-                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
-                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-            }
-            catch
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
-                    skeletonBinary = null;
-                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
-                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-                catch
-                {
-                    // 都不行就报错
-                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
-                }
-            }
-
-            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
-                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
-
-            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
-                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
-
-            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
-            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
-            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
-        }
-
-        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
-        {
-            base.Dispose(disposing);
-            atlas.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
-
-        protected override float scale
-        {
-            get => Math.Abs(skeleton.ScaleX);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.ScaleX = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleX) * value;
-                skeleton.ScaleY = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleY) * value;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override PointF position
-        {
-            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.X = value.X;
-                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipX
-        {
-            get => skeleton.ScaleX < 0;
-            set
-            {
-                if (skeleton.ScaleX > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleX < 0 && !value)
-                    skeleton.ScaleX *= -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipY
-        {
-            get => skeleton.ScaleY < 0;
-            set
-            {
-                if (skeleton.ScaleY > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleY < 0 && !value)
-                    skeleton.ScaleY *= -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string skin
-        {
-            get => skeleton.Skin?.Name ?? "default";
-            set
-            {
-                if (!skinNames.Contains(value)) return;
-                skeleton.SetSkin(value);
-                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string track0Animation
-        {
-            get => animationState.GetCurrent(0)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
-            set
-            {
-                if (value == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, EmptyAnimation, false);
-                else if (animationNames.Contains(value))
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, value, true);
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override RectangleF bounds
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                float[] _ = [];
-                skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
-                return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
-
-        protected override void update(float delta)
-        {
-            animationState.Update(delta);
-            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
-            //skeleton.Update(delta); // XXX: v4.1.x 没有 Update 方法
-            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
-        }
-
-        private SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
-        {
-            return spineBlendMode switch
-            {
-                BlendMode.Normal => BlendModeSFML.Normal,
-                BlendMode.Additive => BlendModeSFML.Additive,
-                BlendMode.Multiply => BlendModeSFML.Multiply,
-                BlendMode.Screen => BlendModeSFML.Screen,
-                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
-            };
-        }
-
-        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
-        {
-            vertexArray.Clear();
-            states.Texture = null;
-
-            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
-            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
-            {
-                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
-                
-                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
-                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
-                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
-                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
-                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
-                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
-                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
-                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
-                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
-
-                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.Region).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices, 0);
-                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
-                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.Region).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
-                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
-                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
-                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
-                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
-
-                states.Texture ??= texture;
-                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
-                {
-                    if (vertexArray.VertexCount > 0)
-                    {
-                        // XXX: 实测不用设置 sampler2D 的值也正确
-                        if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                            states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-                        else
-                            states.Shader = null;
-
-                        // 调试纹理
-                        if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                            target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-                        vertexArray.Clear();
-                    }
-                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
-                    states.Texture = texture;
-                }
-
-                if (clipping.IsClipping)
-                {
-                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
-                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
-                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
-                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
-                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
-                }
-
-                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
-                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
-                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
-                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
-                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
-                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
-
-                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
-                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
-                {
-                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
-                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
-                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
-                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
-                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
-                    vertexArray.Append(vertex);
-                }
-
-                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-            }
-            clipping.ClipEnd();
-
-            if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-            else
-                states.Shader = null;
-
-            // 调试纹理
-            if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-            // 包围盒
-            if (isDebug && isSelected && debugBounds)
-            {
-                var b = bounds;
-                boundsVertices[0] = boundsVertices[4] = new(new(b.Left, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[1] = new(new(b.Right, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[2] = new(new(b.Right, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[3] = new(new(b.Left, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                target.Draw(boundsVertices);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine42.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/Spine/Spine42.cs
@@ -1,331 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using SpineRuntime42;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.Spine
-{
-    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V42)]
-    internal class Spine42 : SpineViewer.Spine.Spine
-    {
-        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
-
-        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime42.TextureLoader
-        {
-            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
-            {
-                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
-                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
-                    texture.Smooth = true;
-                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
-                    texture.Repeated = true;
-                
-                page.rendererObject = texture;
-            }
-
-            public void Unload(object texture)
-            {
-                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
-
-        private Atlas atlas;
-        private SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
-        private SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
-        private SkeletonData skeletonData;
-        private AnimationStateData animationStateData;
-
-        private Skeleton skeleton;
-        private AnimationState animationState;
-
-        private SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
-
-        public Spine42(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
-        {
-            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
-            try
-            {
-                // 先尝试二进制文件
-                skeletonJson = null;
-                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
-                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-            }
-            catch
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
-                    skeletonBinary = null;
-                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
-                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
-                }
-                catch
-                {
-                    // 都不行就报错
-                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
-                }
-            }
-
-            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
-                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
-
-            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
-                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
-
-            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
-            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
-            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
-        }
-
-        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
-        {
-            base.Dispose(disposing);
-            atlas.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
-
-        protected override float scale
-        {
-            get => Math.Abs(skeleton.ScaleX);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.ScaleX = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleX) * value;
-                skeleton.ScaleY = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleY) * value;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override PointF position
-        {
-            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
-            set
-            {
-                skeleton.X = value.X;
-                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipX
-        {
-            get => skeleton.ScaleX < 0;
-            set
-            {
-                if (skeleton.ScaleX > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleX < 0 && !value)
-                    skeleton.ScaleX *= -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override bool flipY
-        {
-            get => skeleton.ScaleY < 0;
-            set
-            {
-                if (skeleton.ScaleY > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleY < 0 && !value)
-                    skeleton.ScaleY *= -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string skin
-        {
-            get => skeleton.Skin?.Name ?? "default";
-            set
-            {
-                if (!skinNames.Contains(value)) return;
-                skeleton.SetSkin(value);
-                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override string track0Animation
-        {
-            get => animationState.GetCurrent(0)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
-            set
-            {
-                if (value == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, EmptyAnimation, false);
-                else if (animationNames.Contains(value))
-                    animationState.SetAnimation(0, value, true);
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected override RectangleF bounds
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                float[] _ = [];
-                skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
-                return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
-
-        protected override void update(float delta)
-        {
-            animationState.Update(delta);
-            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
-            skeleton.Update(delta);
-            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform(Skeleton.Physics.Update);
-        }
-
-        private SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
-        {
-            return spineBlendMode switch
-            {
-                BlendMode.Normal => BlendModeSFML.Normal,
-                BlendMode.Additive => BlendModeSFML.Additive,
-                BlendMode.Multiply => BlendModeSFML.Multiply,
-                BlendMode.Screen => BlendModeSFML.Screen,
-                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
-            };
-        }
-
-        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
-        {
-            vertexArray.Clear();
-            states.Texture = null;
-
-            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
-            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
-            {
-                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
-                
-                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
-                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
-                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
-                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
-                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
-                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
-                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
-                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
-                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
-
-                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.Region).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices, 0);
-                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
-                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
-                {
-                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.Region).page.rendererObject;
-
-                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
-                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
-                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
-                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
-                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
-                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
-                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
-                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
-                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
-                }
-                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
-
-                states.Texture ??= texture;
-                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
-                {
-                    if (vertexArray.VertexCount > 0)
-                    {
-                        // XXX: 实测不用设置 sampler2D 的值也正确
-                        if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                            states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-                        else
-                            states.Shader = null;
-
-                        // 调试纹理
-                        if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                            target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-                        vertexArray.Clear();
-                    }
-                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
-                    states.Texture = texture;
-                }
-
-                if (clipping.IsClipping)
-                {
-                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
-                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
-                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
-                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
-                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
-                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
-                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
-                }
-
-                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
-                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
-
-                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
-                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
-                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
-                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
-                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
-
-                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
-                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
-                {
-                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
-                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
-                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
-                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
-                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
-                    vertexArray.Append(vertex);
-                }
-
-                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
-            }
-            clipping.ClipEnd();
-
-            if (usePremultipliedAlpha && (states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Normal || states.BlendMode == BlendModeSFML.Additive))
-                states.Shader = Shader.FragmentShader;
-            else
-                states.Shader = null;
-
-            // 调试纹理
-            if (!isDebug || debugTexture)
-                target.Draw(vertexArray, states);
-
-            // 包围盒
-            if (isDebug && isSelected && debugBounds)
-            {
-                var b = bounds;
-                boundsVertices[0] = boundsVertices[4] = new(new(b.Left, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[1] = new(new(b.Right, b.Top), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[2] = new(new(b.Right, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                boundsVertices[3] = new(new(b.Left, b.Bottom), BoundsColor);
-                target.Draw(boundsVertices);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject21.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject21.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using SpineRuntime21;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SpineObject
+{
+    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V21)]
+    internal class SpineObject21 : Spine.SpineObject
+    {
+        //private static SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
+        //{
+        //    return spineBlendMode switch
+        //    {
+        //        BlendMode.Normal => BlendMode.Normal,
+        //        BlendMode.Additive => BlendMode.Additive,
+        //        BlendMode.Multiply => BlendMode.Multiply,
+        //        BlendMode.Screen => BlendMode.Screen,
+        //        _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
+        //    };
+        //}
+
+        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime21.TextureLoader
+        {
+            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
+            {
+                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
+                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
+                    texture.Smooth = true;
+                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
+                    texture.Repeated = true;
+
+                page.rendererObject = texture;
+            }
+
+            public void Unload(object texture)
+            {
+                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private readonly static TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
+        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
+
+        private readonly Atlas atlas;
+        private readonly SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
+        private readonly SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
+        private SkeletonData skeletonData;
+        private AnimationStateData animationStateData;
+
+        private Skeleton skeleton;
+        private AnimationState animationState;
+
+        // 2.1.x 不支持剪裁
+        //private SkeletonClipping clipping = new(); 
+
+        public SpineObject21(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
+        {
+            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
+            try
+            {
+                // 先尝试二进制文件
+                skeletonJson = null;
+                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
+                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
+                    skeletonBinary = null;
+                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
+                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // 都不行就报错
+                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
+                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
+
+            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
+                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
+
+            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) }; // 挂载一个空皮肤当作容器
+            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
+            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+            atlas.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
+
+        protected override float scale
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (skeletonBinary is not null)
+                    return skeletonBinary.Scale;
+                else if (skeletonJson is not null)
+                    return skeletonJson.Scale;
+                else
+                    return 1f;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                // 保存状态
+                var pos = position;
+                var fX = flipX;
+                var fY = flipY;
+                var animations = animationState.Tracks.Where(te => te is not null).Select(te => te.Animation.Name).ToArray();
+
+                if (skeletonBinary is not null)
+                {
+                    skeletonBinary.Scale = value;
+                    skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+                else if (skeletonJson is not null)
+                {
+                    skeletonJson.Scale = value;
+                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+
+                // reload skel-dependent data
+                animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData) { DefaultMix = animationStateData.DefaultMix };
+                skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
+                animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+
+                // 恢复状态
+                position = pos;
+                flipX = fX;
+                flipY = fY;
+                foreach (var s in loadedSkins) addSkin(s);
+                for (int i = 0; i < animations.Length; i++) setAnimation(i, animations[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override PointF position
+        {
+            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.X = value.X;
+                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipX
+        {
+            get => skeleton.FlipX;
+            set => skeleton.FlipX = value;
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipY
+        {
+            get => skeleton.FlipY;
+            set => skeleton.FlipY = value;
+        }
+
+        protected override void addSkin(string name)
+        {
+            if (skeletonData.FindSkin(name) is Skin sk)
+            {
+                // XXX: 3.7 及以下不支持 AddSkin
+                foreach (var (k, v) in sk.Attachments)
+                    skeleton.Skin.AddAttachment(k.Key, k.Value, v);
+            }
+            skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearSkin()
+        {
+            skeleton.Skin.Attachments.Clear();
+            skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+        }
+
+        protected override int[] getTrackIndices() => animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks[i] is not null).ToArray();
+
+        protected override string getAnimation(int track) => animationState.GetCurrent(track)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
+
+        protected override void setAnimation(int track, string name)
+        {
+            if (name == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, EmptyAnimation, false);
+            else if (animationNames.Contains(name))
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, name, true);
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearTrack(int i) => animationState.ClearTrack(i);
+
+        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getCurrentBounds()
+        {
+            skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h);
+            return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
+        }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getBounds()
+        {
+            // 初始化临时对象
+            var maxDuration = 0f;
+            var tmpSkeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) };
+            var tmpAnimationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+            tmpSkeleton.FlipX = skeleton.FlipX;
+            tmpSkeleton.FlipY = skeleton.FlipY;
+            tmpSkeleton.X = skeleton.X;
+            tmpSkeleton.Y = skeleton.Y;
+            foreach (var name in loadedSkins)
+            {
+                foreach (var (k, v) in skeletonData.FindSkin(name).Attachments)
+                    tmpSkeleton.Skin.AddAttachment(k.Key, k.Value, v);
+            }
+            foreach (var tr in animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks[i] is not null))
+            {
+                var ani = animationState.GetCurrent(tr).Animation;
+                tmpAnimationState.SetAnimation(tr, ani, true);
+                if (ani.Duration > maxDuration) maxDuration = ani.Duration;
+            }
+            tmpSkeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            tmpAnimationState.Update(0);
+            tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+            tmpSkeleton.Update(0);
+            tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+
+            // 按 10 帧每秒计算边框
+            var bounds = getCurrentBounds();
+            float[] _ = [];
+            for (float tick = 0, delta = 0.1f; tick < maxDuration; tick += delta)
+            {
+                tmpSkeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h);
+                bounds = bounds.Union(new(x, y, w, h));
+                tmpAnimationState.Update(delta);
+                tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+                tmpSkeleton.Update(delta);
+                tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+            }
+
+            return bounds;
+        }
+
+        protected override void update(float delta)
+        {
+            animationState.Update(delta);
+            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
+            skeleton.Update(delta);
+            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+        }
+
+        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
+        {
+            triangleVertices.Clear();
+            states.Texture = null;
+            states.Shader = SFMLShader.GetSpineShader(usePma);
+
+            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
+            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
+            {
+                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
+
+                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
+                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
+                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
+                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
+                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
+                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
+                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
+                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
+                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
+
+                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVertices);
+                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
+                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    if (meshAttachment.Vertices.Length > worldVertices.Length)
+                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.Vertices.Length * 2];
+                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
+                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.Vertices.Length / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
+                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
+                }
+                // 2.1.x 不支持剪裁
+                //else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                //{
+                //    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
+                //    continue;
+                //}
+                else
+                {
+                    //clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // 似乎 2.1.x 也没有 BlendMode
+                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = slot.Data.AdditiveBlending ? SFMLBlendMode.AdditivePma : SFMLBlendMode.NormalPma;
+
+                states.Texture ??= texture;
+                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
+                {
+                    if (triangleVertices.VertexCount > 0)
+                    {
+                        target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+                        triangleVertices.Clear();
+                    }
+                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
+                    states.Texture = texture;
+                }
+
+                //if (clipping.IsClipping)
+                //{
+                //    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
+                //    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
+                //    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
+                //    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
+                //    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
+                //    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
+                //    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
+                //}
+
+                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
+                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
+                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
+                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
+                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
+                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
+
+                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
+                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
+                {
+                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
+                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
+                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
+                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
+                    triangleVertices.Append(vertex);
+                }
+
+                //clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+            }
+            //clipping.ClipEnd();
+
+            target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+        }
+
+        protected override void debugDraw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target)
+        {
+            lineVertices.Clear();
+            rectLineVertices.Clear();
+
+            if (debugRegions)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                    {
+                        regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[2];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[3];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[4];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[5];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[6];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[7];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshes)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = MeshLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.Vertices.Length > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.Vertices.Length * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var triangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                        for (int i = 0; i < triangleIndices.Length; i += 3)
+                        {
+                            var idx0 = triangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                            var idx1 = triangleIndices[i + 1] * 2;
+                            var idx2 = triangleIndices[i + 2] * 2;
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshHulls)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.Vertices.Length > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.Vertices.Length * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var hullLength = (meshAttachment.HullLength >> 1) << 1;
+
+                        if (debugMeshHulls && hullLength > 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            for (int i = 2; i < hullLength; i += 2)
+                            {
+                                vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                                vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            }
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBoundingBoxes)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugPaths)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugClippings) { } // 没有剪裁附件
+
+            if (debugBounds)
+            {
+                var vt = new SFML.Graphics.Vertex() { Color = BoundsColor };
+                var b = getCurrentBounds();
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+            }
+
+            // 骨骼线放最后画
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var width = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    var boneLength = bone.Data.Length;
+                    var p1 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY);
+                    var p2 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX + boneLength * bone.M00, bone.WorldY + boneLength * bone.M10);
+                    AddRectLine(p1, p2, BoneLineColor, width);
+                }
+            }
+
+            target.Draw(lineVertices);
+            target.Draw(rectLineVertices);
+
+            // 骨骼的点最后画, 层级处于骨骼线上面
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var radius = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    DrawCirclePoint(target, new(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY), BonePointColor, radius);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject36.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject36.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using SpineRuntime36;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SpineObject
+{
+    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V36)]
+    internal class SpineObject36 : Spine.SpineObject
+    {
+        private static SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
+        {
+            return spineBlendMode switch
+            {
+                BlendMode.Normal => SFMLBlendMode.NormalPma,
+                BlendMode.Additive => SFMLBlendMode.AdditivePma,
+                BlendMode.Multiply => SFMLBlendMode.MultiplyPma,
+                BlendMode.Screen => SFMLBlendMode.ScreenPma,
+                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
+            };
+        }
+
+        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime36.TextureLoader
+        {
+            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
+            {
+                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
+                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
+                    texture.Smooth = true;
+                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
+                    texture.Repeated = true;
+
+                page.rendererObject = texture;
+            }
+
+            public void Unload(object texture)
+            {
+                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static readonly TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
+        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
+
+        private readonly Atlas atlas;
+        private readonly SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
+        private readonly SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
+        private SkeletonData skeletonData;
+        private AnimationStateData animationStateData;
+
+        private Skeleton skeleton;
+        private AnimationState animationState;
+
+        private readonly SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
+
+        public SpineObject36(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
+        {
+            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
+            try
+            {
+                // 先尝试二进制文件
+                skeletonJson = null;
+                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
+                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
+                    skeletonBinary = null;
+                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
+                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // 都不行就报错
+                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
+                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
+
+            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
+                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
+
+            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) }; // 挂载一个空皮肤当作容器
+            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
+            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+            atlas.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
+
+        protected override float scale
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (skeletonBinary is not null)
+                    return skeletonBinary.Scale;
+                else if (skeletonJson is not null)
+                    return skeletonJson.Scale;
+                else
+                    return 1f;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                // 保存状态
+                var pos = position;
+                var fX = flipX;
+                var fY = flipY;
+                var animations = animationState.Tracks.Where(te => te is not null).Select(te => te.Animation.Name).ToArray();
+
+                if (skeletonBinary is not null)
+                {
+                    skeletonBinary.Scale = value;
+                    skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+                else if (skeletonJson is not null)
+                {
+                    skeletonJson.Scale = value;
+                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+
+                // reload skel-dependent data
+                animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData) { DefaultMix = animationStateData.DefaultMix };
+                skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData);
+                animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+
+                // 恢复状态
+                position = pos;
+                flipX = fX;
+                flipY = fY;
+                foreach (var s in loadedSkins) addSkin(s);
+                for (int i = 0; i < animations.Length; i++) setAnimation(i, animations[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override PointF position 
+        { 
+            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y); 
+            set 
+            { 
+                skeleton.X = value.X; 
+                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
+            } 
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipX
+        {
+            get => skeleton.FlipX;
+            set => skeleton.FlipX = value;
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipY
+        {
+            get => skeleton.FlipY;
+            set => skeleton.FlipY = value;
+        }
+
+        protected override void addSkin(string name)
+        {
+            if (skeletonData.FindSkin(name) is Skin sk)
+            {
+                // XXX: 3.7 及以下不支持 AddSkin
+                foreach (var (k, v) in sk.Attachments)
+                    skeleton.Skin.AddAttachment(k.slotIndex, k.name, v);
+            }
+            skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearSkin()
+        {
+            skeleton.Skin.Attachments.Clear();
+            skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+        }
+
+        protected override int[] getTrackIndices() => animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null).ToArray();
+
+        protected override string getAnimation(int track) => animationState.GetCurrent(track)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
+
+        protected override void setAnimation(int track, string name)
+        {
+            if (name == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, EmptyAnimation, false);
+            else if (animationNames.Contains(name))
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, name, true);
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearTrack(int i) => animationState.ClearTrack(i);
+
+        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getCurrentBounds()
+        {
+            float[] _ = [];
+            skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+            return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
+        }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getBounds()
+        {
+            // 初始化临时对象
+            var maxDuration = 0f;
+            var tmpSkeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) };
+            var tmpAnimationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+            tmpSkeleton.FlipX = skeleton.FlipX;
+            tmpSkeleton.FlipY = skeleton.FlipY;
+            tmpSkeleton.X = skeleton.X;
+            tmpSkeleton.Y = skeleton.Y;
+            foreach (var name in loadedSkins)
+            {
+                foreach (var (k, v) in skeletonData.FindSkin(name).Attachments)
+                    tmpSkeleton.Skin.AddAttachment(k.slotIndex, k.name, v);
+            }
+            foreach (var tr in animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null))
+            {
+                var ani = animationState.GetCurrent(tr).Animation;
+                tmpAnimationState.SetAnimation(tr, ani, true);
+                if (ani.Duration > maxDuration) maxDuration = ani.Duration;
+            }
+            tmpSkeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            tmpAnimationState.Update(0);
+            tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+            tmpSkeleton.Update(0);
+            tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+
+            // 按 10 帧每秒计算边框
+            var bounds = getCurrentBounds();
+            float[] _ = [];
+            for (float tick = 0, delta = 0.1f; tick < maxDuration; tick += delta)
+            {
+                tmpSkeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+                bounds = bounds.Union(new(x, y, w, h));
+                tmpAnimationState.Update(delta);
+                tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+                tmpSkeleton.Update(delta);
+                tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+            }
+
+            return bounds;
+        }
+
+        protected override void update(float delta)
+        {
+            animationState.Update(delta);
+            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
+            skeleton.Update(delta);
+            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+        }
+
+        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
+        {
+            triangleVertices.Clear();
+            states.Texture = null;
+            states.Shader = SFMLShader.GetSpineShader(usePma);
+
+            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
+            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
+            {
+                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
+
+                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
+                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
+                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
+                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
+                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
+                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
+                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
+                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
+                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
+
+                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVertices, 0);
+                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
+                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
+                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
+                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
+                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
+
+                states.Texture ??= texture;
+                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
+                {
+                    if (triangleVertices.VertexCount > 0)
+                    {
+                        target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+                        triangleVertices.Clear();
+                    }
+                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
+                    states.Texture = texture;
+                }
+
+                if (clipping.IsClipping)
+                {
+                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
+                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
+                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
+                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
+                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
+                }
+
+                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
+                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
+                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
+                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
+                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
+                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
+
+                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
+                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
+                {
+                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
+                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
+                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
+                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
+                    triangleVertices.Append(vertex);
+                }
+
+                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+            }
+            clipping.ClipEnd();
+
+            target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+        }
+
+        protected override void debugDraw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target)
+        {
+            lineVertices.Clear();
+            rectLineVertices.Clear();
+
+            if (debugRegions)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                    {
+                        regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVerticesBuffer, 0);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[2];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[3];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[4];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[5];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[6];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[7];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshes)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = MeshLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var triangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                        for (int i = 0; i < triangleIndices.Length; i += 3)
+                        {
+                            var idx0 = triangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                            var idx1 = triangleIndices[i + 1] * 2;
+                            var idx2 = triangleIndices[i + 2] * 2;
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshHulls)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var hullLength = (meshAttachment.HullLength >> 1) << 1;
+
+                        if (debugMeshHulls && hullLength > 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            for (int i = 2; i < hullLength; i += 2)
+                            {
+                                vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                                vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            }
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBoundingBoxes)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugPaths)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugClippings)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = ClippingLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        clippingAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        for (int i = 2; i < clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength; i += 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBounds)
+            {
+                var vt = new SFML.Graphics.Vertex() { Color = BoundsColor };
+                var b = getCurrentBounds();
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+            }
+
+            // 骨骼线放最后画
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var width = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    var boneLength = bone.Data.Length;
+                    var p1 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY);
+                    var p2 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX + boneLength * bone.A, bone.WorldY + boneLength * bone.C);
+                    AddRectLine(p1, p2, BoneLineColor, width);
+                }
+            }
+
+            target.Draw(lineVertices);
+            target.Draw(rectLineVertices);
+
+            // 骨骼的点最后画, 层级处于骨骼线上面
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var radius = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    DrawCirclePoint(target, new(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY), BonePointColor, radius);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject37.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject37.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using SpineRuntime37;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SpineObject
+{
+    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V37)]
+    internal class SpineObject37 : Spine.SpineObject
+    {
+        private static SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
+        {
+            return spineBlendMode switch
+            {
+                BlendMode.Normal => SFMLBlendMode.NormalPma,
+                BlendMode.Additive => SFMLBlendMode.AdditivePma,
+                BlendMode.Multiply => SFMLBlendMode.MultiplyPma,
+                BlendMode.Screen => SFMLBlendMode.ScreenPma,
+                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
+            };
+        }
+
+        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime37.TextureLoader
+        {
+            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
+            {
+                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
+                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
+                    texture.Smooth = true;
+                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
+                    texture.Repeated = true;
+
+                page.rendererObject = texture;
+            }
+
+            public void Unload(object texture)
+            {
+                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static readonly TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
+        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
+
+        private readonly Atlas atlas;
+        private readonly SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
+        private readonly SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
+        private readonly SkeletonData skeletonData;
+        private readonly AnimationStateData animationStateData;
+
+        private readonly Skeleton skeleton;
+        private readonly AnimationState animationState;
+
+        private readonly SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
+
+        public SpineObject37(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
+        {
+            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
+            try
+            {
+                // 先尝试二进制文件
+                skeletonJson = null;
+                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
+                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
+                    skeletonBinary = null;
+                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
+                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // 都不行就报错
+                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
+                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
+
+            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
+                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
+
+            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) }; // 挂载一个空皮肤当作容器
+            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
+            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+            atlas.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
+
+        protected override float scale
+        {
+            get => Math.Abs(skeleton.ScaleX);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.ScaleX = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleX) * value;
+                skeleton.ScaleY = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleY) * value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override PointF position
+        {
+            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.X = value.X;
+                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipX
+        {
+            get => skeleton.ScaleX < 0;
+            set
+            {
+                if (skeleton.ScaleX > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleX < 0 && !value)
+                    skeleton.ScaleX *= -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipY
+        {
+            get => skeleton.ScaleY < 0;
+            set
+            {
+                if (skeleton.ScaleY > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleY < 0 && !value)
+                    skeleton.ScaleY *= -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void addSkin(string name)
+        {
+            if (skeletonData.FindSkin(name) is Skin sk)
+            {
+                // XXX: 3.7 及以下不支持 AddSkin
+                foreach (var (k, v) in sk.Attachments) 
+                    skeleton.Skin.AddAttachment(k.slotIndex, k.name, v);
+            }
+            skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearSkin()
+        {
+            skeleton.Skin.Attachments.Clear();
+            skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+        }
+
+        protected override int[] getTrackIndices() => animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null).ToArray();
+
+        protected override string getAnimation(int track) => animationState.GetCurrent(track)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
+
+        protected override void setAnimation(int track, string name)
+        {
+            if (name == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, EmptyAnimation, false);
+            else if (animationNames.Contains(name))
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, name, true);
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearTrack(int i) => animationState.ClearTrack(i);
+
+        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getCurrentBounds()
+        {
+            float[] _ = [];
+            skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+            return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
+        }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getBounds()
+        {
+            // 初始化临时对象
+            var maxDuration = 0f;
+            var tmpSkeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) };
+            var tmpAnimationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+            tmpSkeleton.ScaleX = skeleton.ScaleX;
+            tmpSkeleton.ScaleY = skeleton.ScaleY;
+            tmpSkeleton.X = skeleton.X;
+            tmpSkeleton.Y = skeleton.Y;
+            foreach (var name in loadedSkins)
+            {
+                foreach (var (k, v) in skeletonData.FindSkin(name).Attachments)
+                    tmpSkeleton.Skin.AddAttachment(k.slotIndex, k.name, v);
+            }
+            foreach (var tr in animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null))
+            {
+                var ani = animationState.GetCurrent(tr).Animation;
+                tmpAnimationState.SetAnimation(tr, ani, true);
+                if (ani.Duration > maxDuration) maxDuration = ani.Duration;
+            }
+            tmpSkeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            tmpAnimationState.Update(0);
+            tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+            tmpSkeleton.Update(0);
+            tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+
+            // 按 10 帧每秒计算边框
+            var bounds = getCurrentBounds();
+            float[] _ = [];
+            for (float tick = 0, delta = 0.1f; tick < maxDuration; tick += delta)
+            {
+                tmpSkeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+                bounds = bounds.Union(new(x, y, w, h));
+                tmpAnimationState.Update(delta);
+                tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+                tmpSkeleton.Update(delta);
+                tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+            }
+
+            return bounds;
+        }
+
+        protected override void update(float delta)
+        {
+            animationState.Update(delta);
+            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
+            skeleton.Update(delta);
+            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+        }
+
+        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
+        {
+            triangleVertices.Clear();
+            states.Texture = null;
+            states.Shader = SFMLShader.GetSpineShader(usePma);
+
+            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
+            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
+            {
+                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
+
+                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
+                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
+                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
+                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
+                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
+                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
+                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
+                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
+                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
+
+                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVertices, 0);
+                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
+                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
+                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
+                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
+                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
+
+                states.Texture ??= texture;
+                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
+                {
+                    if (triangleVertices.VertexCount > 0)
+                    {
+                        target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+                        triangleVertices.Clear();
+                    }
+                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
+                    states.Texture = texture;
+                }
+
+                if (clipping.IsClipping)
+                {
+                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
+                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
+                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
+                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
+                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
+                }
+
+                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
+                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
+                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
+                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
+                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
+                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
+
+                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
+                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
+                {
+                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
+                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
+                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
+                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
+                    triangleVertices.Append(vertex);
+                }
+
+                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+            }
+            clipping.ClipEnd();
+
+            target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+        }
+
+        protected override void debugDraw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target)
+        {
+            lineVertices.Clear();
+            rectLineVertices.Clear();
+
+            if (debugRegions)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                    {
+                        regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVerticesBuffer, 0);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[2];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[3];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[4];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[5];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[6];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[7];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshes)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = MeshLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var triangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                        for (int i = 0; i < triangleIndices.Length; i += 3)
+                        {
+                            var idx0 = triangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                            var idx1 = triangleIndices[i + 1] * 2;
+                            var idx2 = triangleIndices[i + 2] * 2;
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshHulls)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var hullLength = (meshAttachment.HullLength >> 1) << 1;
+
+                        if (debugMeshHulls && hullLength > 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            for (int i = 2; i < hullLength; i += 2)
+                            {
+                                vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                                vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            }
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBoundingBoxes)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugPaths)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugClippings)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = ClippingLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        clippingAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        for (int i = 2; i < clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength; i += 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBounds)
+            {
+                var vt = new SFML.Graphics.Vertex() { Color = BoundsColor };
+                var b = getCurrentBounds();
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+            }
+
+            // 骨骼线放最后画
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var width = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    var boneLength = bone.Data.Length;
+                    var p1 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY);
+                    var p2 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX + boneLength * bone.A, bone.WorldY + boneLength * bone.C);
+                    AddRectLine(p1, p2, BoneLineColor, width);
+                }
+            }
+
+            target.Draw(lineVertices);
+            target.Draw(rectLineVertices);
+
+            // 骨骼的点最后画, 层级处于骨骼线上面
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var radius = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    DrawCirclePoint(target, new(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY), BonePointColor, radius);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject38.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject38.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Xml.Linq;
+using SpineRuntime38;
+using SpineRuntime38.Attachments;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SpineObject
+{
+    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V38)]
+    internal class SpineObject38 : Spine.SpineObject
+    {
+        private static SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
+        {
+            return spineBlendMode switch
+            {
+                BlendMode.Normal => SFMLBlendMode.NormalPma,
+                BlendMode.Additive => SFMLBlendMode.AdditivePma,
+                BlendMode.Multiply => SFMLBlendMode.MultiplyPma,
+                BlendMode.Screen => SFMLBlendMode.ScreenPma,
+                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
+            };
+        }
+
+        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime38.TextureLoader
+        {
+            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
+            {
+                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
+                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
+                    texture.Smooth = true;
+                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
+                    texture.Repeated = true;
+
+                page.rendererObject = texture;
+                // 似乎是不需要设置的, 因为存在某些 png 和 atlas 大小不同的情况, 一般是有一些缩放, 如果设置了反而渲染异常
+                // page.width = (int)texture.Size.X;
+                // page.height = (int)texture.Size.Y;
+            }
+
+            public void Unload(object texture)
+            {
+                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static readonly TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
+        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
+
+        private readonly Atlas atlas;
+        private readonly SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
+        private readonly SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
+        private readonly SkeletonData skeletonData;
+        private readonly AnimationStateData animationStateData;
+
+        private readonly Skeleton skeleton;
+        private readonly AnimationState animationState;
+
+        private readonly SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
+
+        public SpineObject38(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
+        {
+            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
+            try
+            {
+                // 先尝试二进制文件
+                skeletonJson = null;
+                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
+                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
+                    skeletonBinary = null;
+                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
+                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    // 都不行就报错
+                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}", ex);
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
+                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
+
+            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
+                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
+
+            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) }; // 挂载一个空皮肤当作容器
+            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
+            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+            atlas.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
+
+        protected override float scale
+        {
+            get => Math.Abs(skeleton.ScaleX);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.ScaleX = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleX) * value;
+                skeleton.ScaleY = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleY) * value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override PointF position
+        {
+            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.X = value.X;
+                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipX
+        {
+            get => skeleton.ScaleX < 0;
+            set
+            {
+                if (skeleton.ScaleX > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleX < 0 && !value)
+                    skeleton.ScaleX *= -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipY
+        {
+            get => skeleton.ScaleY < 0;
+            set
+            {
+                if (skeleton.ScaleY > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleY < 0 && !value)
+                    skeleton.ScaleY *= -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void addSkin(string name)
+        {
+            if (skeletonData.FindSkin(name) is Skin sk)
+            {
+                skeleton.Skin.AddSkin(sk);
+                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearSkin()
+        {
+            skeleton.Skin.Clear();
+            skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+        }
+
+        protected override int[] getTrackIndices() => animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null).ToArray();
+
+        protected override string getAnimation(int track) => animationState.GetCurrent(track)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
+
+        protected override void setAnimation(int track, string name)
+        {
+            if (name == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, EmptyAnimation, false);
+            else if (animationNames.Contains(name))
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, name, true);
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearTrack(int i) => animationState.ClearTrack(i);
+
+        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getCurrentBounds()
+        {
+            float[] _ = [];
+            skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+            return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
+        }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getBounds()
+        {
+            // 初始化临时对象
+            var maxDuration = 0f;
+            var tmpSkeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) };
+            var tmpAnimationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+            tmpSkeleton.ScaleX = skeleton.ScaleX;
+            tmpSkeleton.ScaleY = skeleton.ScaleY;
+            tmpSkeleton.X = skeleton.X;
+            tmpSkeleton.Y = skeleton.Y;
+            foreach (var sk in loadedSkins) tmpSkeleton.Skin.AddSkin(skeletonData.FindSkin(sk));
+            foreach (var tr in animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null)) 
+            {
+                var ani = animationState.GetCurrent(tr).Animation;
+                tmpAnimationState.SetAnimation(tr, ani, true);
+                if (ani.Duration > maxDuration) maxDuration = ani.Duration;
+            }
+            tmpSkeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            tmpAnimationState.Update(0);
+            tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+            tmpSkeleton.Update(0);
+            tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+
+            // 按 10 帧每秒计算边框
+            var bounds = getCurrentBounds();
+            float[] _ = [];
+            for (float tick = 0, delta = 0.1f; tick < maxDuration; tick += delta)
+            {
+                tmpSkeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+                bounds = bounds.Union(new(x, y, w, h));
+                tmpAnimationState.Update(delta);
+                tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+                tmpSkeleton.Update(delta);
+                tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+            }
+
+            return bounds;
+        }
+
+        protected override void update(float delta)
+        {
+            animationState.Update(delta);
+            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
+            skeleton.Update(delta);
+            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+        }
+
+        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
+        {
+            triangleVertices.Clear();
+            states.Texture = null;
+            states.Shader = SFMLShader.GetSpineShader(usePma);
+
+            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
+            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
+            {
+                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
+
+                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
+                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
+                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
+                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
+                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
+                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
+                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
+                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
+                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
+
+                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVertices, 0);
+                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
+                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
+                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
+                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
+                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
+
+                states.Texture ??= texture;
+                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
+                {
+                    if (triangleVertices.VertexCount > 0)
+                    {
+                        target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+                        triangleVertices.Clear();
+                    }
+                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
+                    states.Texture = texture;
+                }
+
+                if (clipping.IsClipping)
+                {
+                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
+                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
+                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
+                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
+                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
+                }
+
+                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
+                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
+                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
+                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
+                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
+                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
+
+                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
+                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
+                {
+                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
+                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
+                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
+                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
+                    triangleVertices.Append(vertex);
+                }
+
+                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+            }
+            clipping.ClipEnd();
+
+            target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+        }
+
+        protected override void debugDraw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target)
+        {
+            lineVertices.Clear();
+            rectLineVertices.Clear();
+
+            if (debugRegions)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                    {
+                        regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVerticesBuffer, 0);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[2];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[3];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[4];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[5];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[6];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[7];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshes)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = MeshLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var triangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                        for (int i = 0; i < triangleIndices.Length; i += 3)
+                        {
+                            var idx0 = triangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                            var idx1 = triangleIndices[i + 1] * 2;
+                            var idx2 = triangleIndices[i + 2] * 2;
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshHulls)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var hullLength = (meshAttachment.HullLength >> 1) << 1;
+
+                        if (debugMeshHulls && hullLength > 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            for (int i = 2; i < hullLength; i += 2)
+                            {
+                                vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                                vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            }
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBoundingBoxes)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugPaths)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugClippings)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = ClippingLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        clippingAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        for (int i = 2; i < clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength; i += 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBounds)
+            {
+                var vt = new SFML.Graphics.Vertex() { Color = BoundsColor };
+                var b = getCurrentBounds();
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top; 
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+            }
+
+            // 骨骼线放最后画
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var width = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    if (!bone.Active) continue;
+                    var boneLength = bone.Data.Length;
+                    var p1 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY);
+                    var p2 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX + boneLength * bone.A, bone.WorldY + boneLength * bone.C);
+                    AddRectLine(p1, p2, BoneLineColor, width);
+                }
+            }
+
+            target.Draw(lineVertices);
+            target.Draw(rectLineVertices);
+
+            // 骨骼的点最后画, 层级处于骨骼线上面
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var radius = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    if (!bone.Active) continue;
+                    DrawCirclePoint(target, new(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY), BonePointColor, radius);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject40.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject40.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using SpineRuntime40;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SpineObject
+{
+    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V40)]
+    internal class SpineObject40 : Spine.SpineObject
+    {
+        private static SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
+        {
+            return spineBlendMode switch
+            {
+                BlendMode.Normal => SFMLBlendMode.NormalPma,
+                BlendMode.Additive => SFMLBlendMode.AdditivePma,
+                BlendMode.Multiply => SFMLBlendMode.MultiplyPma,
+                BlendMode.Screen => SFMLBlendMode.ScreenPma,
+                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
+            };
+        }
+
+        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime40.TextureLoader
+        {
+            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
+            {
+                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
+                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
+                    texture.Smooth = true;
+                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
+                    texture.Repeated = true;
+                
+                page.rendererObject = texture;
+            }
+
+            public void Unload(object texture)
+            {
+                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static readonly TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
+        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
+
+        private readonly Atlas atlas;
+        private readonly SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
+        private readonly SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
+        private readonly SkeletonData skeletonData;
+        private readonly AnimationStateData animationStateData;
+
+        private readonly Skeleton skeleton;
+        private readonly AnimationState animationState;
+
+        private readonly SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
+
+        public SpineObject40(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
+        {
+            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
+            try
+            {
+                // 先尝试二进制文件
+                skeletonJson = null;
+                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
+                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
+                    skeletonBinary = null;
+                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
+                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // 都不行就报错
+                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
+                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
+
+            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
+                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
+
+            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) }; // 挂载一个空皮肤当作容器
+            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
+            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+            atlas.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
+
+        protected override float scale
+        {
+            get => Math.Abs(skeleton.ScaleX);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.ScaleX = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleX) * value;
+                skeleton.ScaleY = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleY) * value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override PointF position
+        {
+            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.X = value.X;
+                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipX
+        {
+            get => skeleton.ScaleX < 0;
+            set
+            {
+                if (skeleton.ScaleX > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleX < 0 && !value)
+                    skeleton.ScaleX *= -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipY
+        {
+            get => skeleton.ScaleY < 0;
+            set
+            {
+                if (skeleton.ScaleY > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleY < 0 && !value)
+                    skeleton.ScaleY *= -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void addSkin(string name)
+        {
+            if (skeletonData.FindSkin(name) is Skin sk)
+            {
+                skeleton.Skin.AddSkin(sk);
+                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearSkin()
+        {
+            skeleton.Skin.Clear();
+            skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+        }
+
+        protected override int[] getTrackIndices() => animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null).ToArray();
+
+        protected override string getAnimation(int track) => animationState.GetCurrent(track)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
+
+        protected override void setAnimation(int track, string name)
+        {
+            if (name == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, EmptyAnimation, false);
+            else if (animationNames.Contains(name))
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, name, true);
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearTrack(int i) => animationState.ClearTrack(i);
+
+        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getCurrentBounds()
+        {
+            float[] _ = [];
+            skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+            return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
+        }
+        
+        protected override RectangleF getBounds()
+        {
+            // 初始化临时对象
+            var maxDuration = 0f;
+            var tmpSkeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) };
+            var tmpAnimationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+            tmpSkeleton.ScaleX = skeleton.ScaleX;
+            tmpSkeleton.ScaleY = skeleton.ScaleY;
+            tmpSkeleton.X = skeleton.X;
+            tmpSkeleton.Y = skeleton.Y;
+            foreach (var sk in loadedSkins) tmpSkeleton.Skin.AddSkin(skeletonData.FindSkin(sk));
+            foreach (var tr in animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null))
+            {
+                var ani = animationState.GetCurrent(tr).Animation;
+                tmpAnimationState.SetAnimation(tr, ani, true);
+                if (ani.Duration > maxDuration) maxDuration = ani.Duration;
+            }
+            tmpSkeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            tmpAnimationState.Update(0);
+            tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+            tmpSkeleton.Update(0);
+            tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+
+            // 按 10 帧每秒计算边框
+            var bounds = getCurrentBounds();
+            float[] _ = [];
+            for (float tick = 0, delta = 0.1f; tick < maxDuration; tick += delta)
+            {
+                tmpSkeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+                bounds = bounds.Union(new(x, y, w, h));
+                tmpAnimationState.Update(delta);
+                tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+                tmpSkeleton.Update(delta);
+                tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+            }
+
+            return bounds;
+        }
+
+        protected override void update(float delta)
+        {
+            animationState.Update(delta);
+            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
+            skeleton.Update(delta);
+            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+        }
+
+        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
+        {
+            triangleVertices.Clear();
+            states.Texture = null;
+            states.Shader = SFMLShader.GetSpineShader(usePma);
+
+            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
+            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
+            {
+                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
+                
+                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
+                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
+                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
+                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
+                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
+                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
+                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
+                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
+                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
+
+                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVertices, 0);
+                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
+                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.RendererObject).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
+                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
+                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
+                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
+
+                states.Texture ??= texture;
+                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
+                {
+                    if (triangleVertices.VertexCount > 0)
+                    {
+                        target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+                        triangleVertices.Clear();
+                    }
+                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
+                    states.Texture = texture;
+                }
+
+                if (clipping.IsClipping)
+                {
+                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
+                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
+                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
+                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
+                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
+                }
+
+                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
+                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
+                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
+                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
+                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
+                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
+
+                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
+                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
+                {
+                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
+                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
+                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
+                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
+                    triangleVertices.Append(vertex);
+                }
+
+                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+            }
+            clipping.ClipEnd();
+
+            target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+        }
+
+        protected override void debugDraw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target)
+        {
+            lineVertices.Clear();
+            rectLineVertices.Clear();
+
+            if (debugRegions)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                    {
+                        regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot.Bone, worldVerticesBuffer, 0);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[2];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[3];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[4];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[5];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[6];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[7];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshes)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = MeshLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var triangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                        for (int i = 0; i < triangleIndices.Length; i += 3)
+                        {
+                            var idx0 = triangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                            var idx1 = triangleIndices[i + 1] * 2;
+                            var idx2 = triangleIndices[i + 2] * 2;
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshHulls)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var hullLength = (meshAttachment.HullLength >> 1) << 1;
+
+                        if (debugMeshHulls && hullLength > 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            for (int i = 2; i < hullLength; i += 2)
+                            {
+                                vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                                vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            }
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBoundingBoxes)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugPaths)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugClippings)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = ClippingLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        clippingAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        for (int i = 2; i < clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength; i += 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBounds)
+            {
+                var vt = new SFML.Graphics.Vertex() { Color = BoundsColor };
+                var b = getCurrentBounds();
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+            }
+
+            // 骨骼线放最后画
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var width = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    if (!bone.Active) continue;
+                    var boneLength = bone.Data.Length;
+                    var p1 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY);
+                    var p2 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX + boneLength * bone.A, bone.WorldY + boneLength * bone.C);
+                    AddRectLine(p1, p2, BoneLineColor, width);
+                }
+            }
+
+            target.Draw(lineVertices);
+            target.Draw(rectLineVertices);
+
+            // 骨骼的点最后画, 层级处于骨骼线上面
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var radius = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    if (!bone.Active) continue;
+                    DrawCirclePoint(target, new(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY), BonePointColor, radius);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject41.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/SpineObject41.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using SpineRuntime41;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SpineObject
+{
+    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V41)]
+    internal class SpineObject41 : Spine.SpineObject
+    {
+        private static SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
+        {
+            return spineBlendMode switch
+            {
+                BlendMode.Normal => SFMLBlendMode.NormalPma,
+                BlendMode.Additive => SFMLBlendMode.AdditivePma,
+                BlendMode.Multiply => SFMLBlendMode.MultiplyPma,
+                BlendMode.Screen => SFMLBlendMode.ScreenPma,
+                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
+            };
+        }
+
+        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime41.TextureLoader
+        {
+            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
+            {
+                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
+                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
+                    texture.Smooth = true;
+                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
+                    texture.Repeated = true;
+                
+                page.rendererObject = texture;
+            }
+
+            public void Unload(object texture)
+            {
+                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
+        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
+
+        private readonly Atlas atlas;
+        private readonly SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
+        private readonly SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
+        private readonly SkeletonData skeletonData;
+        private readonly AnimationStateData animationStateData;
+
+        private readonly Skeleton skeleton;
+        private readonly AnimationState animationState;
+
+        private readonly SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
+
+        public SpineObject41(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
+        {
+            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
+            try
+            {
+                // 先尝试二进制文件
+                skeletonJson = null;
+                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
+                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
+                    skeletonBinary = null;
+                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
+                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // 都不行就报错
+                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
+                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
+
+            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
+                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
+
+            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) }; // 挂载一个空皮肤当作容器
+            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
+            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+            atlas.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
+
+        protected override float scale
+        {
+            get => Math.Abs(skeleton.ScaleX);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.ScaleX = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleX) * value;
+                skeleton.ScaleY = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleY) * value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override PointF position
+        {
+            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.X = value.X;
+                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipX
+        {
+            get => skeleton.ScaleX < 0;
+            set
+            {
+                if (skeleton.ScaleX > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleX < 0 && !value)
+                    skeleton.ScaleX *= -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipY
+        {
+            get => skeleton.ScaleY < 0;
+            set
+            {
+                if (skeleton.ScaleY > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleY < 0 && !value)
+                    skeleton.ScaleY *= -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void addSkin(string name)
+        {
+            if (skeletonData.FindSkin(name) is Skin sk)
+            {
+                skeleton.Skin.AddSkin(sk);
+                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearSkin()
+        {
+            skeleton.Skin.Clear();
+            skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+        }
+
+        protected override int[] getTrackIndices() => animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null).ToArray();
+
+        protected override string getAnimation(int track) => animationState.GetCurrent(track)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
+
+        protected override void setAnimation(int track, string name)
+        {
+            if (name == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, EmptyAnimation, false);
+            else if (animationNames.Contains(name))
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, name, true);
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearTrack(int i) => animationState.ClearTrack(i);
+
+        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getCurrentBounds()
+        {
+            float[] _ = [];
+            skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+            return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
+        }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getBounds()
+        {
+            // 初始化临时对象
+            var maxDuration = 0f;
+            var tmpSkeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) };
+            var tmpAnimationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+            tmpSkeleton.ScaleX = skeleton.ScaleX;
+            tmpSkeleton.ScaleY = skeleton.ScaleY;
+            tmpSkeleton.X = skeleton.X;
+            tmpSkeleton.Y = skeleton.Y;
+            foreach (var sk in loadedSkins) tmpSkeleton.Skin.AddSkin(skeletonData.FindSkin(sk));
+            foreach (var tr in animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null))
+            {
+                var ani = animationState.GetCurrent(tr).Animation;
+                tmpAnimationState.SetAnimation(tr, ani, true);
+                if (ani.Duration > maxDuration) maxDuration = ani.Duration;
+            }
+            tmpSkeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            tmpAnimationState.Update(0);
+            tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+            //tmpSkeleton.Update(0);
+            tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+
+            // 按 10 帧每秒计算边框
+            var bounds = getCurrentBounds();
+            float[] _ = [];
+            for (float tick = 0, delta = 0.1f; tick < maxDuration; tick += delta)
+            {
+                tmpSkeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+                bounds = bounds.Union(new(x, y, w, h));
+                tmpAnimationState.Update(delta);
+                tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+                tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+            }
+
+            return bounds;
+        }
+
+        protected override void update(float delta)
+        {
+            animationState.Update(delta);
+            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
+            //skeleton.Update(delta); // XXX: v4.1.x 没有 Update 方法
+            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform();
+        }
+
+        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
+        {
+            triangleVertices.Clear();
+            states.Texture = null;
+            states.Shader = SFMLShader.GetSpineShader(usePma);
+
+            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
+            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
+            {
+                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
+                
+                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
+                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
+                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
+                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
+                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
+                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
+                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
+                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
+                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
+
+                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.Region).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices, 0);
+                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
+                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.Region).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
+                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
+                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
+                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
+
+                states.Texture ??= texture;
+                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
+                {
+                    if (triangleVertices.VertexCount > 0)
+                    {
+                        target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+                        triangleVertices.Clear();
+                    }
+                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
+                    states.Texture = texture;
+                }
+
+                if (clipping.IsClipping)
+                {
+                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
+                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldVerticesCount * 2, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
+                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
+                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
+                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
+                }
+
+                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
+                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
+                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
+                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
+                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
+                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
+
+                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
+                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
+                {
+                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
+                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
+                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
+                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
+                    triangleVertices.Append(vertex);
+                }
+
+                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+            }
+            clipping.ClipEnd();
+
+            target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+        }
+
+        protected override void debugDraw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target)
+        {
+            lineVertices.Clear();
+            rectLineVertices.Clear();
+
+            if (debugRegions)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                    {
+                        regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer, 0);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[2];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[3];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[4];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[5];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[6];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[7];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshes)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = MeshLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var triangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                        for (int i = 0; i < triangleIndices.Length; i += 3)
+                        {
+                            var idx0 = triangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                            var idx1 = triangleIndices[i + 1] * 2;
+                            var idx2 = triangleIndices[i + 2] * 2;
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshHulls)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var hullLength = (meshAttachment.HullLength >> 1) << 1;
+
+                        if (debugMeshHulls && hullLength > 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            for (int i = 2; i < hullLength; i += 2)
+                            {
+                                vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                                vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            }
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBoundingBoxes)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugPaths)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugClippings)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = ClippingLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        clippingAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        for (int i = 2; i < clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength; i += 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBounds)
+            {
+                var vt = new SFML.Graphics.Vertex() { Color = BoundsColor };
+                var b = getCurrentBounds();
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+            }
+
+            // 骨骼线放最后画
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var width = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    if (!bone.Active) continue;
+                    var boneLength = bone.Data.Length;
+                    var p1 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY);
+                    var p2 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX + boneLength * bone.A, bone.WorldY + boneLength * bone.C);
+                    AddRectLine(p1, p2, BoneLineColor, width);
+                }
+            }
+
+            target.Draw(lineVertices);
+            target.Draw(rectLineVertices);
+
+            // 骨骼的点最后画, 层级处于骨骼线上面
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var radius = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    if (!bone.Active) continue;
+                    DrawCirclePoint(target, new(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY), BonePointColor, radius);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/Spineobject42.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Implementations/SpineObject/Spineobject42.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using SpineRuntime42;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.Implementations.SpineObject
+{
+    [SpineImplementation(SpineVersion.V42)]
+    internal class Spineobject42 : Spine.SpineObject
+    {
+        private SFML.Graphics.BlendMode GetSFMLBlendMode(BlendMode spineBlendMode)
+        {
+            return spineBlendMode switch
+            {
+                BlendMode.Normal => SFMLBlendMode.NormalPma,
+                BlendMode.Additive => SFMLBlendMode.AdditivePma,
+                BlendMode.Multiply => SFMLBlendMode.MultiplyPma,
+                BlendMode.Screen => SFMLBlendMode.ScreenPma,
+                _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{spineBlendMode}"),
+            };
+        }
+
+        private class TextureLoader : SpineRuntime42.TextureLoader
+        {
+            public void Load(AtlasPage page, string path)
+            {
+                var texture = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(path);
+                if (page.magFilter == TextureFilter.Linear)
+                    texture.Smooth = true;
+                if (page.uWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat && page.vWrap == TextureWrap.Repeat)
+                    texture.Repeated = true;
+                
+                page.rendererObject = texture;
+            }
+
+            public void Unload(object texture)
+            {
+                ((SFML.Graphics.Texture)texture).Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static readonly TextureLoader textureLoader = new();
+        private static readonly Animation EmptyAnimation = new(EMPTY_ANIMATION, [], 0);
+
+        private readonly Atlas atlas;
+        private readonly SkeletonBinary? skeletonBinary;
+        private readonly SkeletonJson? skeletonJson;
+        private readonly SkeletonData skeletonData;
+        private readonly AnimationStateData animationStateData;
+
+        private readonly Skeleton skeleton;
+        private readonly AnimationState animationState;
+
+        private readonly SkeletonClipping clipping = new();
+
+        public Spineobject42(string skelPath, string atlasPath) : base(skelPath, atlasPath)
+        {
+            atlas = new Atlas(AtlasPath, textureLoader);
+            try
+            {
+                // 先尝试二进制文件
+                skeletonJson = null;
+                skeletonBinary = new SkeletonBinary(atlas);
+                skeletonData = skeletonBinary.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    // 再尝试 Json 文件
+                    skeletonBinary = null;
+                    skeletonJson = new SkeletonJson(atlas);
+                    skeletonData = skeletonJson.ReadSkeletonData(SkelPath);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // 都不行就报错
+                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unknown skeleton file format {SkelPath}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach (var skin in skeletonData.Skins)
+                skinNames.Add(skin.Name);
+
+            foreach (var anime in skeletonData.Animations)
+                animationNames.Add(anime.Name);
+
+            skeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) }; // 挂载一个空皮肤当作容器
+            animationStateData = new AnimationStateData(skeletonData);
+            animationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+            atlas.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public override string FileVersion { get => skeletonData.Version; }
+
+        protected override float scale
+        {
+            get => Math.Abs(skeleton.ScaleX);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.ScaleX = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleX) * value;
+                skeleton.ScaleY = Math.Sign(skeleton.ScaleY) * value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override PointF position
+        {
+            get => new(skeleton.X, skeleton.Y);
+            set
+            {
+                skeleton.X = value.X;
+                skeleton.Y = value.Y;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipX
+        {
+            get => skeleton.ScaleX < 0;
+            set
+            {
+                if (skeleton.ScaleX > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleX < 0 && !value)
+                    skeleton.ScaleX *= -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override bool flipY
+        {
+            get => skeleton.ScaleY < 0;
+            set
+            {
+                if (skeleton.ScaleY > 0 && value || skeleton.ScaleY < 0 && !value)
+                    skeleton.ScaleY *= -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void addSkin(string name)
+        {
+            if (skeletonData.FindSkin(name) is Skin sk)
+            {
+                skeleton.Skin.AddSkin(sk);
+                skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearSkin()
+        {
+            skeleton.Skin.Clear();
+            skeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+        }
+
+        protected override int[] getTrackIndices() => animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null).ToArray();
+
+        protected override string getAnimation(int track) => animationState.GetCurrent(track)?.Animation.Name ?? EMPTY_ANIMATION;
+
+        protected override void setAnimation(int track, string name)
+        {
+            if (name == EMPTY_ANIMATION)
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, EmptyAnimation, false);
+            else if (animationNames.Contains(name))
+                animationState.SetAnimation(track, name, true);
+        }
+
+        protected override void clearTrack(int i) => animationState.ClearTrack(i);
+
+        public override float GetAnimationDuration(string name) { return skeletonData.FindAnimation(name)?.Duration ?? 0f; }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getCurrentBounds()
+        {
+            float[] _ = [];
+            skeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+            return new RectangleF(x, y, w, h);
+        }
+
+        protected override RectangleF getBounds()
+        {
+            // 初始化临时对象
+            var maxDuration = 0f;
+            var tmpSkeleton = new Skeleton(skeletonData) { Skin = new(Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) };
+            var tmpAnimationState = new AnimationState(animationStateData);
+            tmpSkeleton.ScaleX = skeleton.ScaleX;
+            tmpSkeleton.ScaleY = skeleton.ScaleY;
+            tmpSkeleton.X = skeleton.X;
+            tmpSkeleton.Y = skeleton.Y;
+            foreach (var sk in loadedSkins) tmpSkeleton.Skin.AddSkin(skeletonData.FindSkin(sk));
+            foreach (var tr in animationState.Tracks.Select((_, i) => i).Where(i => animationState.Tracks.Items[i] is not null))
+            {
+                var ani = animationState.GetCurrent(tr).Animation;
+                tmpAnimationState.SetAnimation(tr, ani, true);
+                if (ani.Duration > maxDuration) maxDuration = ani.Duration;
+            }
+            tmpSkeleton.SetSlotsToSetupPose();
+            tmpAnimationState.Update(0);
+            tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+            tmpSkeleton.Update(0);
+            tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform(Skeleton.Physics.Update);
+
+            // 按 10 帧每秒计算边框
+            var bounds = getCurrentBounds();
+            float[] _ = [];
+            for (float tick = 0, delta = 0.1f; tick < maxDuration; tick += delta)
+            {
+                tmpSkeleton.GetBounds(out var x, out var y, out var w, out var h, ref _);
+                bounds = bounds.Union(new(x, y, w, h));
+                tmpAnimationState.Update(delta);
+                tmpAnimationState.Apply(tmpSkeleton);
+                tmpSkeleton.Update(delta);
+                tmpSkeleton.UpdateWorldTransform(Skeleton.Physics.Update);
+            }
+
+            return bounds;
+        }
+
+        protected override void update(float delta)
+        {
+            animationState.Update(delta);
+            animationState.Apply(skeleton);
+            skeleton.Update(delta);
+            skeleton.UpdateWorldTransform(Skeleton.Physics.Update);
+        }
+
+        protected override void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
+        {
+            triangleVertices.Clear();
+            states.Texture = null;
+            states.Shader = SFMLShader.GetSpineShader(usePma);
+
+            // 要用 DrawOrder 而不是 Slots
+            foreach (var slot in skeleton.DrawOrder)
+            {
+                var attachment = slot.Attachment;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Texture texture;
+                
+                float[] worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer;    // 顶点世界坐标, 连续的 [x0, y0, x1, y1, ...] 坐标值
+                int worldVerticesCount;                         // 等于顶点数组的长度除以 2
+                int[] worldTriangleIndices;                     // 三角形索引, 从顶点坐标数组取的时候要乘以 2, 最大值是 worldVerticesCount - 1
+                int worldTriangleIndicesLength;                 // 三角形索引数组长度
+                float[] uvs;                                    // 纹理坐标
+                float tintR = skeleton.R * slot.R;
+                float tintG = skeleton.G * slot.G;
+                float tintB = skeleton.B * slot.B;
+                float tintA = skeleton.A * slot.A;
+
+                if (attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)regionAttachment.Region).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices, 0);
+                    worldVerticesCount = 4;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = 6;
+                    uvs = regionAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= regionAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= regionAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= regionAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= regionAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                {
+                    texture = (SFML.Graphics.Texture)((AtlasRegion)meshAttachment.Region).page.rendererObject;
+
+                    if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVertices.Length)
+                        worldVertices = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+                    meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVertices);
+                    worldVerticesCount = meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = meshAttachment.Triangles.Length;
+                    uvs = meshAttachment.UVs;
+                    tintR *= meshAttachment.R;
+                    tintG *= meshAttachment.G;
+                    tintB *= meshAttachment.B;
+                    tintA *= meshAttachment.A;
+                }
+                else if (attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipStart(slot, clippingAttachment);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                SFML.Graphics.BlendMode blendMode = GetSFMLBlendMode(slot.Data.BlendMode);
+
+                states.Texture ??= texture;
+                if (states.BlendMode != blendMode || states.Texture != texture)
+                {
+                    if (triangleVertices.VertexCount > 0)
+                    {
+                        target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+                        triangleVertices.Clear();
+                    }
+                    states.BlendMode = blendMode;
+                    states.Texture = texture;
+                }
+
+                if (clipping.IsClipping)
+                {
+                    // 这里必须单独记录 Count, 和 Items 的 Length 是不一致的
+                    clipping.ClipTriangles(worldVertices, worldTriangleIndices, worldTriangleIndicesLength, uvs);
+                    worldVertices = clipping.ClippedVertices.Items;
+                    worldVerticesCount = clipping.ClippedVertices.Count / 2;
+                    worldTriangleIndices = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Items;
+                    worldTriangleIndicesLength = clipping.ClippedTriangles.Count;
+                    uvs = clipping.ClippedUVs.Items;
+                }
+
+                var textureSizeX = texture.Size.X;
+                var textureSizeY = texture.Size.Y;
+
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vertex = new();
+                vertex.Color.R = (byte)(tintR * 255);
+                vertex.Color.G = (byte)(tintG * 255);
+                vertex.Color.B = (byte)(tintB * 255);
+                vertex.Color.A = (byte)(tintA * 255);
+
+                // 必须用 worldTriangleIndicesLength 不能直接 foreach
+                for (int i = 0; i < worldTriangleIndicesLength; i++)
+                {
+                    var index = worldTriangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                    vertex.Position.X = worldVertices[index];
+                    vertex.Position.Y = worldVertices[index + 1];
+                    vertex.TexCoords.X = uvs[index] * textureSizeX;
+                    vertex.TexCoords.Y = uvs[index + 1] * textureSizeY;
+                    triangleVertices.Append(vertex);
+                }
+
+                clipping.ClipEnd(slot);
+            }
+            clipping.ClipEnd();
+
+            target.Draw(triangleVertices, states);
+        }
+
+        protected override void debugDraw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target)
+        {
+            lineVertices.Clear();
+            rectLineVertices.Clear();
+
+            if (debugRegions)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is RegionAttachment regionAttachment)
+                    {
+                        regionAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer, 0);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[2];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[3];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[4];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[5];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[6];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[7];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshes)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = MeshLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var triangleIndices = meshAttachment.Triangles;
+                        for (int i = 0; i < triangleIndices.Length; i += 3)
+                        {
+                            var idx0 = triangleIndices[i] * 2;
+                            var idx1 = triangleIndices[i + 1] * 2;
+                            var idx2 = triangleIndices[i + 2] * 2;
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx1 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx2 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[idx0 + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugMeshHulls)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = AttachmentLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is MeshAttachment meshAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = new float[meshAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        meshAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        var hullLength = (meshAttachment.HullLength >> 1) << 1;
+
+                        if (debugMeshHulls && hullLength > 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                            for (int i = 2; i < hullLength; i += 2)
+                            {
+                                vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                                vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            }
+
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBoundingBoxes)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugPaths)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            if (debugClippings)
+            {
+                SFML.Graphics.Vertex vt = new() { Color = ClippingLineColor };
+                foreach (var slot in skeleton.Slots)
+                {
+                    if (slot.Bone.Active && slot.Attachment is ClippingAttachment clippingAttachment)
+                    {
+                        if (clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength > worldVerticesBuffer.Length)
+                            worldVerticesBuffer = worldVerticesBuffer = new float[clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength * 2];
+
+                        clippingAttachment.ComputeWorldVertices(slot, worldVerticesBuffer);
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                        for (int i = 2; i < clippingAttachment.WorldVerticesLength; i += 2)
+                        {
+                            vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[i];
+                            vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[i + 1];
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                            lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                        }
+
+                        vt.Position.X = worldVerticesBuffer[0];
+                        vt.Position.Y = worldVerticesBuffer[1];
+                        lineVertices.Append(vt);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (debugBounds)
+            {
+                var vt = new SFML.Graphics.Vertex() { Color = BoundsColor };
+                var b = getCurrentBounds();
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Right;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Bottom;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt); lineVertices.Append(vt);
+
+                vt.Position.X = b.Left;
+                vt.Position.Y = b.Top;
+                lineVertices.Append(vt);
+            }
+
+            // 骨骼线放最后画
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var width = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    if (!bone.Active) continue;
+                    var boneLength = bone.Data.Length;
+                    var p1 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY);
+                    var p2 = new SFML.System.Vector2f(bone.WorldX + boneLength * bone.A, bone.WorldY + boneLength * bone.C);
+                    AddRectLine(p1, p2, BoneLineColor, width);
+                }
+            }
+
+            target.Draw(lineVertices);
+            target.Draw(rectLineVertices);
+
+            // 骨骼的点最后画, 层级处于骨骼线上面
+            if (debugBones)
+            {
+                var radius = scale;
+                foreach (var bone in skeleton.Bones)
+                {
+                    if (!bone.Active) continue;
+                    DrawCirclePoint(target, new(bone.WorldX, bone.WorldY), BonePointColor, radius);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Shader.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Shader.cs
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine
-{
-    public static class Shader
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 用于解决 PMA 和渐变动画问题的片段着色器
-        /// </summary>
-        private const string FRAGMENT_SHADER = (
-            "uniform sampler2D t;" +
-            "void main() { vec4 p = texture2D(t, gl_TexCoord[0].xy);" +
-            "if (p.a > 0) p.rgb /= max(max(max(p.r, p.g), p.b), p.a);" +
-            "gl_FragColor = gl_Color * p; }"
-        );
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 针对预乘 Alpha 通道的片段着色器
-        /// </summary>
-        public static SFML.Graphics.Shader? FragmentShader { get; private set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 加载 Shader, 可能会存在异常导致着色器加载失败
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <exception cref="SFML.LoadingFailedException"></exception>
-        public static void Init()
-        {
-            FragmentShader = SFML.Graphics.Shader.FromString(null, null, FRAGMENT_SHADER);
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SkeletonConverter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SkeletonConverter.cs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using System.Text;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
 using System.Text.Encodings.Web;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;

 namespace SpineViewer.Spine
 {
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/Spine.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/Spine.cs
@@ -1,399 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
-using System.Numerics;
-using System.Collections;
-using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Reflection;
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
-using System.Globalization;
-using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
-using System.Collections.Immutable;
-using SpineViewer.Exporter;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Spine 基类, 使用静态方法 New 来创建具体版本对象, 该类是线程安全的
-    /// </summary>
-    public abstract class Spine : ImplementationResolver<Spine, SpineImplementationAttribute, SpineVersion>, SFML.Graphics.Drawable, IDisposable
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 空动画标记
-        /// </summary>
-        protected const string EMPTY_ANIMATION = "<Empty>";
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 预览图宽
-        /// </summary>
-        protected const uint PREVIEW_WIDTH = 256;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 预览图高
-        /// </summary>
-        protected const uint PREVIEW_HEIGHT = 256;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 缩放最小值
-        /// </summary>
-        protected const float SCALE_MIN = 0.001f;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 创建特定版本的 Spine
-        /// </summary>
-        public static Spine New(SpineVersion version, string skelPath, string? atlasPath = null)
-        {
-            if (version == SpineVersion.Auto) version = SpineHelper.GetVersion(skelPath);
-            atlasPath ??= Path.ChangeExtension(skelPath, ".atlas");
-            return New(version, [skelPath, atlasPath]).PostInit();
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 数据锁
-        /// </summary>
-        private readonly object _lock = new();
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 构造函数
-        /// </summary>
-        public Spine(string skelPath, string atlasPath)
-        {
-            Version = GetType().GetCustomAttribute<SpineImplementationAttribute>().ImplementationKey;
-            AssetsDir = Directory.GetParent(skelPath).FullName;
-            SkelPath = Path.GetFullPath(skelPath);
-            AtlasPath = Path.GetFullPath(atlasPath);
-            Name = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(skelPath);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 构造函数之后的初始化工作
-        /// </summary>
-        private Spine PostInit()
-        {
-            SkinNames = skinNames.AsReadOnly();
-            AnimationNames = animationNames.AsReadOnly();
-
-            // 必须 Update 一次否则包围盒还没有值
-            update(0);
-
-            // XXX: tex 没办法在这里主动 Dispose
-            // 批量添加在获取预览图的时候极大概率会和预览线程死锁
-            // 虽然两边不会同时调用 Draw, 但是死锁似乎和 Draw 函数有关
-            // 除此之外, 似乎还和 tex 的 Dispose 有关
-            // 如果不对 tex 进行 Dispose, 那么不管是否 Draw 都正常不会死锁
-            var tex = new SFML.Graphics.RenderTexture(PREVIEW_WIDTH, PREVIEW_HEIGHT);
-            tex.SetView(bounds.GetView(PREVIEW_WIDTH, PREVIEW_HEIGHT));
-            tex.Clear(SFML.Graphics.Color.Transparent);
-            tex.Draw(this);
-            tex.Display();
-
-            using (var img = tex.Texture.CopyToImage())
-            {
-                if (img.SaveToMemory(out var imgBuffer, "bmp"))
-                {
-                    // 必须重复构造一个副本才能摆脱对流的依赖, 否则之后使用会报错
-                    using var stream = new MemoryStream(imgBuffer);
-                    using var bitmap = new Bitmap(stream);
-                    Preview = new Bitmap(bitmap);
-                }
-            }
-
-            // 取最后一个作为初始, 尽可能去显示非默认的内容
-            skin = SkinNames.Last();
-            track0Animation = AnimationNames.Last();
-
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        ~Spine() { Dispose(false); }
-        public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); }
-        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { Preview?.Dispose(); }
-
-        #region 属性 | [0] 基本信息
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取所属版本
-        /// </summary>
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(SpineVersionConverter))]
-        [Category("[0] 基本信息"), DisplayName("运行时版本")]
-        public SpineVersion Version { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 资源所在完整目录
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[0] 基本信息"), DisplayName("资源目录")]
-        public string AssetsDir { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// skel 文件完整路径
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[0] 基本信息"), DisplayName("skel文件路径")]
-        public string SkelPath { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// atlas 文件完整路径
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[0] 基本信息"), DisplayName("atlas文件路径")]
-        public string AtlasPath { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 名称
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[0] 基本信息"), DisplayName("名称")]
-        public string Name { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取所属文件版本
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[0] 基本信息"), DisplayName("文件版本")]
-        public abstract string FileVersion { get; }
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region 属性 | [1] 设置
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 是否被隐藏, 被隐藏的模型将仅仅在列表显示, 不参与其他行为
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[1] 设置"), DisplayName("是否隐藏")]
-        public bool IsHidden
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return isHidden; }
-            set { lock (_lock) isHidden = value; }
-        }
-        protected bool isHidden = false;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 是否使用预乘Alpha
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[1] 设置"), DisplayName("预乘Alpha通道")]
-        public bool UsePremultipliedAlpha
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return usePremultipliedAlpha; }
-            set { lock (_lock) usePremultipliedAlpha = value; }
-        }
-        protected bool usePremultipliedAlpha = true;
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region 属性 | [2] 变换
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 缩放比例
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[2] 变换"), DisplayName("缩放比例")]
-        public float Scale
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return scale; }
-            set { lock (_lock) { scale = value; update(0); } }
-        }
-        protected abstract float scale { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 位置
-        /// </summary>
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(PointFConverter))]
-        [Category("[2] 变换"), DisplayName("位置")]
-        public PointF Position 
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return position; }
-            set { lock (_lock) { position = value; update(0); } }
-        }
-        protected abstract PointF position { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 水平翻转
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[2] 变换"), DisplayName("水平翻转")]
-        public bool FlipX
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return flipX; }
-            set { lock (_lock) { flipX = value; update(0); } }
-        }
-        protected abstract bool flipX { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 垂直翻转
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[2] 变换"), DisplayName("垂直翻转")]
-        public bool FlipY
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return flipY; }
-            set { lock (_lock) { flipY = value; update(0); } }
-        }
-        protected abstract bool flipY { get; set; }
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region 属性 | [3] 动画
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 包含的所有皮肤名称
-        /// </summary>
-        [Browsable(false)]
-        public ReadOnlyCollection<string> SkinNames { get; private set; }
-        protected List<string> skinNames = [];
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 使用的皮肤名称, 如果设置的皮肤不存在则忽略
-        /// </summary>
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(SkinConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 动画"), DisplayName("皮肤")]
-        public string Skin
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return skin; }
-            set { lock (_lock) { skin = value; update(0); } }
-        }
-        protected abstract string skin { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 包含的所有动画名称
-        /// </summary>
-        [Browsable(false)]
-        public ReadOnlyCollection<string> AnimationNames { get; private set; }
-        protected List<string> animationNames = [EMPTY_ANIMATION];
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 默认轨道动画名称, 如果设置的动画不存在则忽略
-        /// </summary>
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(AnimationConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 动画"), DisplayName("默认轨道动画")]
-        public string Track0Animation
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return track0Animation; }
-            set { lock (_lock) { track0Animation = value; update(0); } }
-        }
-        protected abstract string track0Animation { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 默认轨道动画时长
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[3] 动画"), DisplayName("默认轨道动画时长")]
-        public float Track0AnimationDuration { get => GetAnimationDuration(Track0Animation); } // TODO: 动画时长变成伪属性在面板显示
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region 属性 | [4] 调试
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 显示调试
-        /// </summary>
-        [Browsable(false)]
-        public bool IsDebug 
-        { 
-            get { lock (_lock) return isDebug; }
-            set { lock (_lock) isDebug = value; }
-        }
-        protected bool isDebug = false;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 显示纹理
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[4] 调试"), DisplayName("显示纹理")]
-        public bool DebugTexture
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return debugTexture; }
-            set { lock (_lock) debugTexture = value; }
-        }
-        protected bool debugTexture = true;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 显示包围盒
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[4] 调试"), DisplayName("显示包围盒")]
-        public bool DebugBounds
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return debugBounds; }
-            set { lock (_lock) debugBounds = value; }
-        }
-        protected bool debugBounds = true;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 显示骨骼
-        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[4] 调试"), DisplayName("显示骨架")]
-        public bool DebugBones
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return debugBones; }
-            set { lock (_lock) debugBones = value; }
-        }
-        protected bool debugBones = false;
-
-        #endregion
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 标识符
-        /// </summary>
-        public readonly string ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 是否被选中
-        /// </summary>
-        [Browsable(false)]
-        public bool IsSelected
-        {
-            get { lock (_lock) return isSelected; }
-            set { lock (_lock) isSelected = value; }
-        }
-        protected bool isSelected = false;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 骨骼包围盒
-        /// </summary>
-        [Browsable(false)]
-        public RectangleF Bounds { get { lock (_lock) return bounds; } }
-        protected abstract RectangleF bounds { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 骨骼预览图
-        /// </summary>
-        [Browsable(false)]
-        public Image Preview { get; private set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 获取动画时长, 如果动画不存在则返回 0
-        /// </summary>
-        public abstract float GetAnimationDuration(string name);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 更新内部状态
-        /// </summary>
-        public void Update(float delta) { lock (_lock) update(delta); }
-        protected abstract void update(float delta);
-
-        #region SFML.Graphics.Drawable 接口实现
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 顶点坐标缓冲区
-        /// </summary>
-        protected float[] worldVerticesBuffer = new float[1024];
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 顶点缓冲区
-        /// </summary>
-        protected readonly SFML.Graphics.VertexArray vertexArray = new(SFML.Graphics.PrimitiveType.Triangles);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 包围盒颜色
-        /// </summary>
-        protected static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color BoundsColor = new(120, 200, 0);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// 包围盒顶点数组
-        /// </summary>
-        protected readonly SFML.Graphics.VertexArray boundsVertices = new(SFML.Graphics.PrimitiveType.LineStrip, 5);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// SFML.Graphics.Drawable 接口实现
-        /// </summary>
-        public void Draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states) { lock (_lock) draw(target, states); }
-        protected abstract void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states);
-
-        #endregion
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/AvifExporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/AvifExporter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+using FFMpegCore;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// MP4 导出参数
+    /// </summary>
+    public class AvifExporter : FFmpegVideoExporter
+    {
+        public AvifExporter()
+        {
+            FPS = 24;
+        }
+
+        public override string Format => "avif";
+
+        public override string Suffix => ".avif";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 编码器
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Codec { get; set; } = "av1_nvenc";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// CRF
+        /// </summary>
+        public int CRF { get => crf; set => crf = Math.Clamp(value, 0, 63); }
+        private int crf = 23;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 像素格式
+        /// </summary>
+        public string PixelFormat { get; set; } = "yuv420p";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 循环次数, 0 无限循环, 取值范围 [0, 65535]
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Loop { get => loop; set => loop = Math.Clamp(value, 0, 65535); }
+        private int loop = 0;
+
+        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{Codec}_{CRF}_{PixelFormat}";
+
+        public override void SetOutputOptions(FFMpegArgumentOptions options)
+        {
+            base.SetOutputOptions(options);
+            options.WithVideoCodec(Codec).ForcePixelFormat(PixelFormat).WithConstantRateFactor(CRF).WithCustomArgument($"-loop {Loop}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class AvifExporterProperty(AvifExporter exporter) : FFmpegVideoExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override AvifExporter Exporter => (AvifExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 编码器
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("av1_nvenc", "av1_amf", "libaom-av1", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("编码器"), Description("-c:v, 要使用的编码器\n建议使用硬件加速, libaom-av1 速度非常非常非常慢")]
+        public string Codec { get => Exporter.Codec; set => Exporter.Codec = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// CRF
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("CRF"), Description("-crf, 取值范围 0-63, 建议范围 18-28, 默认取值 23, 数值越小则输出质量越高")]
+        public int CRF { get => Exporter.CRF; set => Exporter.CRF = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 像素格式
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("yuv420p", "yuv422p", "yuv444p", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("像素格式"), Description("-pix_fmt, 要使用的像素格式")]
+        public string PixelFormat { get => Exporter.PixelFormat; set => Exporter.PixelFormat = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 循环次数
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("循环次数"), Description("-loop, 循环次数, 0 无限循环, 取值范围 [0, 65535]")]
+        public int Loop { get => Exporter.Loop; set => Exporter.Loop = value; }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/CustomExporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/CustomExporter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FFmpeg 自定义视频导出参数
+    /// </summary>
+    public class CustomExporter : FFmpegVideoExporter
+    {
+        public CustomExporter() 
+        {
+            CustomArgument = "-c:v libx264 -crf 23 -pix_fmt yuv420p"; // 提供一个示例参数
+        }
+
+        public override string Format => CustomFormat;
+
+        public override string Suffix => CustomSuffix;
+
+        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件格式
+        /// </summary>
+        public string CustomFormat { get; set; } = "mp4";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件名后缀
+        /// </summary>
+        public string CustomSuffix { get; set; } = ".mp4";
+    }
+
+    public class CustomExporterProperty(CustomExporter exporter) : FFmpegVideoExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override CustomExporter Exporter => (CustomExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override string Format => Exporter.Format;
+
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override string Suffix => Exporter.Suffix;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件格式
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[2] FFmpeg 基本参数"), DisplayName("文件格式"), Description("-f, 文件格式")]
+        public string CustomFormat { get => Exporter.CustomFormat; set => Exporter.CustomFormat = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件名后缀
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[2] FFmpeg 基本参数"), DisplayName("文件名后缀"), Description("文件名后缀")]
+        public string CustomSuffix { get => Exporter.CustomSuffix; set => Exporter.CustomSuffix = value; }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/ExportHelper.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/ExportHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+using FFMpegCore.Pipes;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Drawing.Imaging;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// SFML.Graphics.Image 帧对象包装类, 将接管给定的 image 对象生命周期
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SFMLImageVideoFrame(SFML.Graphics.Image image) : IVideoFrame, IDisposable
+    {
+        public int Width => (int)image.Size.X;
+        public int Height => (int)image.Size.Y;
+        public string Format => "rgba";
+        public void Serialize(Stream pipe) => pipe.Write(image.Pixels);
+        public async Task SerializeAsync(Stream pipe, CancellationToken token) => await pipe.WriteAsync(image.Pixels, token);
+        public void Dispose() => image.Dispose();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Save the contents of the image to a file
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="filename">Path of the file to save (overwritten if already exist)</param>
+        /// <returns>True if saving was successful</returns>
+        public bool SaveToFile(string filename) => image.SaveToFile(filename);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Save the image to a buffer in memory The format of the image must be specified.
+        /// The supported image formats are bmp, png, tga and jpg. This function fails if
+        /// the image is empty, or if the format was invalid.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">Byte array filled with encoded data</param>
+        /// <param name="format">Encoding format to use</param>
+        /// <returns>True if saving was successful</returns>
+        public bool SaveToMemory(out byte[] output, string format) => image.SaveToMemory(out output, format);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取 Winforms Bitmap 对象
+        /// </summary>
+        public Bitmap CopyToBitmap() => image.CopyToBitmap();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 为帧导出创建的辅助类
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class ExportHelper
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 根据 Bitmap 文件格式获取合适的文件后缀
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string GetSuffix(this ImageFormat imageFormat)
+        {
+            if (imageFormat == ImageFormat.Icon) return ".ico";
+            else if (imageFormat == ImageFormat.Exif) return ".jpeg";
+            else return $".{imageFormat.ToString().ToLower()}";
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/Exporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/Exporter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+using NLog;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Drawing.Design;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 导出器基类
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class Exporter : IDisposable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 日志器
+        /// </summary>
+        protected readonly Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 可用于文件名的时间戳字符串
+        /// </summary>
+        protected string timestamp = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyMMddHHmmss");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 非自动分辨率下导出视区缓存
+        /// </summary>
+        private SFML.Graphics.View? exportViewCache = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 模型分辨率缓存
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, Size> spineResolutionCache = [];
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 自动分辨率下每个模型的导出视区缓存
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, SFML.Graphics.View> spineViewCache = [];
+
+        ~Exporter() { Dispose(false); }
+        public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); }
+        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { PreviewerView.Dispose(); }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 输出文件夹
+        /// </summary>
+        public string? OutputDir { get; set; } = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导出单个
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsExportSingle { get; set; } = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 画面分辨率
+        /// </summary>
+        public Size Resolution { get; set; } = new(100, 100);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 预览画面的视区
+        /// </summary>
+        public SFML.Graphics.View PreviewerView { get => previewerView; set { previewerView.Dispose(); previewerView = new(value); } }
+        private SFML.Graphics.View previewerView = new();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否仅渲染选中
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool RenderSelectedOnly { get; set; } = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 背景颜色
+        /// </summary>
+        public SFML.Graphics.Color BackgroundColor
+        {
+            get => backgroundColor;
+            set
+            {
+                backgroundColor = value;
+                var bcPma = value;
+                var a = bcPma.A / 255f;
+                bcPma.R = (byte)(bcPma.R * a);
+                bcPma.G = (byte)(bcPma.G * a);
+                bcPma.B = (byte)(bcPma.B * a);
+                BackgroundColorPma = bcPma;
+            }
+        }
+        private SFML.Graphics.Color backgroundColor = SFML.Graphics.Color.Transparent;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 预乘后的背景颜色
+        /// </summary>
+        public SFML.Graphics.Color BackgroundColorPma { get; private set; } = SFML.Graphics.Color.Transparent;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 四周边缘距离, 单位为像素
+        /// </summary>
+        public Padding Margin
+        {
+            get => margin;
+            set
+            {
+                if (value.Left < 0) value.Left = 0;
+                if (value.Right < 0) value.Right = 0;
+                if (value.Top < 0) value.Top = 0;
+                if (value.Bottom < 0) value.Bottom = 0;
+                margin = value;
+            }
+        }
+        private Padding margin = new(0);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 四周填充距离, 单位为像素, 自动分辨率下忽略该值
+        /// </summary>
+        public Padding Padding
+        {
+            get => padding;
+            set
+            {
+                if (value.Left < 0) value.Left = 0;
+                if (value.Right < 0) value.Right = 0;
+                if (value.Top < 0) value.Top = 0;
+                if (value.Bottom < 0) value.Bottom = 0;
+                padding = value;
+            }
+        }
+        private Padding padding = new(0);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 在使用预览画面分辨率的情况下, 允许内容溢出到边缘和填充区域, 自动分辨率下忽略该值
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool AllowContentOverflow { get; set; } = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 自动分辨率, 将会忽略预览画面的分辨率和预览画面视区, 使用模型自身的包围盒, 四周填充和内容溢出会被忽略
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool AutoResolution { get; set; } = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取导出渲染对象, 如果提供了模型列表则分辨率为模型大小, 否则是预览画面大小
+        /// </summary>
+        private SFML.Graphics.RenderTexture GetRenderTexture(SpineObject[]? spinesToRender = null)
+        {
+            if (spinesToRender is null)
+            {
+                if (exportViewCache is null)
+                {
+                    // 记录缓存
+                    exportViewCache = new SFML.Graphics.View(PreviewerView);
+                    if (AllowContentOverflow)
+                    {
+                        var canvasBounds = exportViewCache.GetBounds().GetCanvasBounds(Resolution, Margin, Padding);
+                        exportViewCache.Center = new(canvasBounds.X + canvasBounds.Width / 2, canvasBounds.Y + canvasBounds.Height / 2);
+                        exportViewCache.Size = new(canvasBounds.Width, canvasBounds.Height);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        exportViewCache.SetViewport(Resolution, Margin, Padding);
+                    }
+                }
+                var tex = new SFML.Graphics.RenderTexture((uint)(Resolution.Width + Margin.Horizontal), (uint)(Resolution.Height + Margin.Vertical));
+                tex.SetView(exportViewCache);
+                return tex;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var cacheKey = string.Join("|", spinesToRender.Select(v => v.ID));
+
+                // 记录缓存
+                if (!spineViewCache.TryGetValue(cacheKey, out var spineView))
+                {
+                    var spineBounds = spinesToRender[0].GetBounds();
+                    foreach (var sp in spinesToRender.Skip(1))
+                        spineBounds = spineBounds.Union(sp.GetBounds());
+
+                    var spineResolution = new Size((int)Math.Ceiling(spineBounds.Width), (int)Math.Ceiling(spineBounds.Height));
+                    var canvasBounds = spineBounds.GetCanvasBounds(spineResolution, Margin); // 忽略填充
+
+                    spineResolutionCache[cacheKey] = spineResolution;
+                    spineViewCache[cacheKey] = spineView = new SFML.Graphics.View(
+                        new(canvasBounds.X + canvasBounds.Width / 2, canvasBounds.Y + canvasBounds.Height / 2),
+                        new(canvasBounds.Width, -canvasBounds.Height)
+                    );
+
+                    logger.Info("Auto resolusion: ({}, {})", spineResolution.Width, spineResolution.Height);
+                }
+
+                var tex = new SFML.Graphics.RenderTexture(
+                    (uint)(spineResolutionCache[cacheKey].Width + Margin.Horizontal), 
+                    (uint)(spineResolutionCache[cacheKey].Height + Margin.Vertical)
+                );
+                tex.SetView(spineViewCache[cacheKey]);
+                return tex;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取单个模型的单帧画面
+        /// </summary>
+        protected SFMLImageVideoFrame GetFrame(SpineObject spine) => GetFrame([spine]);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取模型列表的单帧画面
+        /// </summary>
+        protected SFMLImageVideoFrame GetFrame(SpineObject[] spinesToRender)
+        {
+            // RenderTexture 必须临时创建, 随用随取, 防止出现跨线程的情况
+            using var texPma = GetRenderTexture(AutoResolution ? spinesToRender : null);
+
+            // 先将预乘结果准确绘制出来, 注意背景色也应当是预乘的
+            texPma.Clear(BackgroundColorPma);
+            foreach (var spine in spinesToRender) texPma.Draw(spine);
+            texPma.Display();
+
+            // 背景色透明度不为 1 时需要处理反预乘, 否则直接就是结果
+            if (BackgroundColor.A < 255)
+            {
+                // 从预乘结果构造渲染对象, 并正确设置变换
+                using var view = texPma.GetView();
+                using var img = texPma.Texture.CopyToImage();
+                using var texSprite = new SFML.Graphics.Texture(img);
+                using var sp = new SFML.Graphics.Sprite(texSprite)
+                {
+                    Origin = new(texPma.Size.X / 2f, texPma.Size.Y / 2f),
+                    Position = new(view.Center.X, view.Center.Y),
+                    Scale = new(view.Size.X / texPma.Size.X, view.Size.Y / texPma.Size.Y),
+                    Rotation = view.Rotation
+                };
+
+                // 混合模式用直接覆盖的方式, 保证得到的图像区域是反预乘的颜色和透明度, 同时使用反预乘着色器
+                var st = SFML.Graphics.RenderStates.Default;
+                st.BlendMode = SFMLBlendMode.SourceOnly;
+                st.Shader = SFMLShader.InversePma;
+
+                // 在最终结果上二次渲染非预乘画面
+                using var tex = GetRenderTexture(AutoResolution ? spinesToRender : null);
+
+                // 将非预乘结果覆盖式绘制在目标对象上, 注意背景色应该用非预乘的
+                tex.Clear(BackgroundColor);
+                tex.Draw(sp, st);
+                tex.Display();
+                return new(tex.Texture.CopyToImage());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return new(texPma.Texture.CopyToImage());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 每个模型在同一个画面进行导出
+        /// </summary>
+        protected abstract void ExportSingle(SpineObject[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 每个模型独立导出
+        /// </summary>
+        protected abstract void ExportIndividual(SpineObject[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 检查参数是否合法并规范化参数值, 否则返回用户错误原因
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual string? Validate()
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(OutputDir) && File.Exists(OutputDir))
+                return "输出文件夹无效";
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(OutputDir) && !Directory.Exists(OutputDir))
+                return $"文件夹 {OutputDir} 不存在";
+            if (IsExportSingle && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(OutputDir))
+                return "导出单个时必须提供输出文件夹";
+
+            OutputDir = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(OutputDir) ? null : Path.GetFullPath(OutputDir);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private void ClearCache()
+        {
+            exportViewCache?.Dispose();
+            exportViewCache = null;
+            spineResolutionCache.Clear();
+            foreach (var v in spineViewCache.Values) v.Dispose();
+            spineViewCache.Clear();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 执行导出
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="spines">要进行导出的 Spine 列表</param>
+        /// <param name="worker">用来执行该函数的 worker</param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException"></exception>
+        public virtual void Export(SpineObject[] spines, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
+        {
+            if (Validate() is string err) throw new ArgumentException(err);
+
+            var spinesToRender = spines.Where(sp => !RenderSelectedOnly || sp.IsSelected).Reverse().ToArray();
+            if (spinesToRender.Length > 0)
+            {
+                ClearCache();
+
+                timestamp = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyMMddHHmmss"); // 刷新时间戳
+                if (IsExportSingle) ExportSingle(spinesToRender, worker);
+                else ExportIndividual(spinesToRender, worker);
+
+                ClearCache();
+            }
+
+            logger.LogCurrentProcessMemoryUsage();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用于在 PropertyGrid 上提供用户操作接口的包装类
+    /// </summary>
+    public class ExporterProperty(Exporter exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public virtual Exporter Exporter { get; } = exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 输出文件夹
+        /// </summary>
+        [Editor(typeof(FolderNameEditor), typeof(UITypeEditor))]
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("输出文件夹"), Description("逐个导出时可以留空，将逐个导出到模型自身所在目录")]
+        public string? OutputDir { get => Exporter.OutputDir; set => Exporter.OutputDir = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导出单个
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("导出单个"), Description("是否将模型在同一个画面上导出单个文件，否则逐个导出模型")]
+        public bool IsExportSingle { get => Exporter.IsExportSingle; set => Exporter.IsExportSingle = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 画面分辨率
+        /// </summary>
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(SizeConverter))]
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("分辨率"), Description("画面的宽高像素大小，请在预览画面参数面板进行调整")]
+        public Size Resolution { get => Exporter.Resolution; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 预览画面视区
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("预览画面视区"), Description("预览画面的视区参数，请在预览画面参数面板进行调整")]
+        public SFML.Graphics.View View { get => Exporter.PreviewerView; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否仅渲染选中
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("仅渲染选中"), Description("是否仅导出选中的模型，请在预览画面参数面板进行调整")]
+        public bool RenderSelectedOnly { get => Exporter.RenderSelectedOnly; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 背景颜色
+        /// </summary>
+        [Editor(typeof(SFMLColorEditor), typeof(UITypeEditor))]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(SFMLColorConverter))]
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("背景颜色"), Description("要使用的背景色, 格式为 #RRGGBBAA")]
+        public SFML.Graphics.Color BackgroundColor { get => Exporter.BackgroundColor; set => Exporter.BackgroundColor = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 四周边缘距离
+        /// </summary>
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(PaddingConverter))]
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("四周边缘距离"), Description("画布外部的边缘距离 (Margin), 最终导出的分辨率需要加上这个边距")]
+        public Padding Margin { get => Exporter.Margin; set => Exporter.Margin = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 四周填充距离
+        /// </summary>
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(PaddingConverter))]
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("四周填充距离"), Description("画布内部的填充距离 (Padding), 导出的分辨率大小不会发生变化, 但是会留有四周空间")]
+        public Padding Padding { get => Exporter.Padding; set => Exporter.Padding = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 允许内容溢出到边缘和填充区域
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("允许内容溢出"), Description("使用预览画面分辨率的情况下, 允许内容溢出到边缘和填充区域")]
+        public bool AllowContentOverflow { get => Exporter.AllowContentOverflow; set => Exporter.AllowContentOverflow = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 自动分辨率
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[0] 导出"), DisplayName("自动分辨率"), Description("根据导出内容自动设置分辨率, 四周填充距离和内容溢出参数将会被忽略")]
+        public bool AutoResolution { get => Exporter.AutoResolution; set => Exporter.AutoResolution = value; }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/FFmpegVideoExporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/FFmpegVideoExporter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+using FFMpegCore.Pipes;
+using FFMpegCore;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 使用 FFmpeg 的视频导出器
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class FFmpegVideoExporter : VideoExporter
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件格式
+        /// </summary>
+        public abstract string Format { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件名后缀
+        /// </summary>
+        public abstract string Suffix { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件名后缀
+        /// </summary>
+        public string CustomArgument { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 要追加在文件名末尾的信息字串, 首尾不需要提供额外分隔符
+        /// </summary>
+        public abstract string FileNameNoteSuffix { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取输出附加选项
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual void SetOutputOptions(FFMpegArgumentOptions options) => options.ForceFormat(Format).WithCustomArgument(CustomArgument);
+
+        public override string? Validate()
+        {
+            if (base.Validate() is string error)
+                return error;
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Format))
+                return "需要提供有效的格式";
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Suffix))
+                return "需要提供有效的文件名后缀";
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected override void ExportSingle(SpineObject[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
+        {
+            var noteSuffix = FileNameNoteSuffix;
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(noteSuffix)) noteSuffix = $"_{noteSuffix}";
+
+            var filename = $"ffmpeg_{timestamp}_{FPS:f0}{noteSuffix}{Suffix}";
+
+            // 导出单个时必定提供输出文件夹
+            var savePath = Path.Combine(OutputDir, filename);
+
+            var videoFramesSource = new RawVideoPipeSource(GetFrames(spinesToRender, worker)) { FrameRate = FPS };
+            try
+            {
+                var ffmpegArgs = FFMpegArguments.FromPipeInput(videoFramesSource).OutputToFile(savePath, true, SetOutputOptions);
+
+                logger.Info("FFmpeg arguments: {}", ffmpegArgs.Arguments);
+                ffmpegArgs.ProcessSynchronously();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                logger.Error(ex.ToString());
+                logger.Error("Failed to export {} {}", Format, savePath);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void ExportIndividual(SpineObject[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
+        {
+            var noteSuffix = FileNameNoteSuffix;
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(noteSuffix)) noteSuffix = $"_{noteSuffix}";
+
+            foreach (var spine in spinesToRender)
+            {
+                if (worker?.CancellationPending == true) break; // 取消的日志在 GetFrames 里输出
+
+                var filename = $"{spine.Name}_{timestamp}_{FPS:f0}{noteSuffix}{Suffix}";
+
+                // 如果提供了输出文件夹, 则全部导出到输出文件夹, 否则导出到各自的文件夹下
+                var savePath = Path.Combine(OutputDir ?? spine.AssetsDir, filename);
+
+                var videoFramesSource = new RawVideoPipeSource(GetFrames(spine, worker)) { FrameRate = FPS };
+                try
+                {
+                    var ffmpegArgs = FFMpegArguments
+                    .FromPipeInput(videoFramesSource)
+                    .OutputToFile(savePath, true, SetOutputOptions);
+
+                    logger.Info("FFmpeg arguments: {}", ffmpegArgs.Arguments);
+                    ffmpegArgs.ProcessSynchronously();
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    logger.Error(ex.ToString());
+                    logger.Error("Failed to export {} {} {}", Format, savePath, spine.SkelPath);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class FFmpegVideoExporterProperty(FFmpegVideoExporter exporter) : VideoExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override FFmpegVideoExporter Exporter => (FFmpegVideoExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件格式
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[2] FFmpeg 基本参数"), DisplayName("文件格式"), Description("-f, 文件格式")]
+        public virtual string Format => Exporter.Format;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件名后缀
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[2] FFmpeg 基本参数"), DisplayName("文件名后缀"), Description("文件名后缀")]
+        public virtual string Suffix => Exporter.Suffix;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件名后缀
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[2] FFmpeg 基本参数"), DisplayName("自定义参数"), Description("使用 \"ffmpeg -h encoder=<编码器>\" 查看编码器支持的参数\n使用 \"ffmpeg -h muxer=<文件格式>\" 查看文件格式支持的参数")]
+        public string CustomArgument { get => Exporter.CustomArgument; set => Exporter.CustomArgument = value; }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/FrameExporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/FrameExporter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Drawing.Imaging;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 单帧画面导出器
+    /// </summary>
+    public class FrameExporter : Exporter
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 单帧画面格式
+        /// </summary>
+        public ImageFormat ImageFormat
+        {
+            get => imageFormat;
+            set
+            {
+                if (value == ImageFormat.MemoryBmp) value = ImageFormat.Bmp;
+                imageFormat = value;
+            }
+        }
+        private ImageFormat imageFormat = ImageFormat.Png;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// DPI
+        /// </summary>
+        public SizeF DPI
+        {
+            get => dpi;
+            set
+            {
+                if (value.Width <= 0) value.Width = 144;
+                if (value.Height <= 0) value.Height = 144;
+                dpi = value;
+            }
+        }
+        private SizeF dpi = new(144, 144);
+
+        protected override void ExportSingle(SpineObject[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
+        {
+            // 导出单个时必定提供输出文件夹
+            var filename = $"frame_{timestamp}{ImageFormat.GetSuffix()}";
+            var savePath = Path.Combine(OutputDir, filename);
+
+            worker?.ReportProgress(0, $"已处理 0/1");
+            try
+            {
+                using var frame = GetFrame(spinesToRender);
+                using var img = frame.CopyToBitmap();
+                img.SetResolution(DPI.Width, DPI.Height);
+                img.Save(savePath, ImageFormat);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                logger.Error(ex.ToString());
+                logger.Error("Failed to save single frame");
+            }
+            worker?.ReportProgress(100, $"已处理 1/1");
+        }
+
+        protected override void ExportIndividual(SpineObject[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
+        {
+            int total = spinesToRender.Length;
+            int success = 0;
+            int error = 0;
+
+            worker?.ReportProgress(0, $"已处理 0/{total}");
+            for (int i = 0; i < total; i++)
+            {
+                var spine = spinesToRender[i];
+
+                // 逐个导出时如果提供了输出文件夹, 则全部导出到输出文件夹, 否则输出到各自的文件夹
+                var filename = $"{spine.Name}_{timestamp}{ImageFormat.GetSuffix()}";
+                var savePath = Path.Combine(OutputDir ?? spine.AssetsDir, filename);
+
+                try
+                {
+                    using var frame = GetFrame(spine);
+                    using var img = frame.CopyToBitmap();
+                    img.SetResolution(DPI.Width, DPI.Height);
+                    img.Save(savePath, ImageFormat);
+                    success++;
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    logger.Error(ex.ToString());
+                    logger.Error("Failed to save single frame {} {}", savePath, spine.SkelPath);
+                    error++;
+                }
+
+                worker?.ReportProgress((int)((i + 1) * 100.0) / total, $"已处理 {i + 1}/{total}");
+            }
+
+            if (error > 0)
+                logger.Warn("Frames save {} successfully, {} failed", success, error);
+            else
+                logger.Info("{} frames saved successfully", success);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class FrameExporterProperty(FrameExporter exporter) : ExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override FrameExporter Exporter => (FrameExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 单帧画面格式
+        /// </summary>
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(ImageFormatConverter))]
+        [Category("[1] 单帧画面"), DisplayName("图像格式")]
+        public ImageFormat ImageFormat { get => Exporter.ImageFormat; set => Exporter.ImageFormat = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件名后缀
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[1] 单帧画面"), DisplayName("文件名后缀"), Description("与图像格式匹配的文件名后缀")]
+        public string Suffix { get => Exporter.ImageFormat.GetSuffix(); }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// DPI
+        /// </summary>
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(SizeFConverter))]
+        [Category("[1] 单帧画面"), DisplayName("DPI"), Description("导出图像的每英寸像素数，用于调整图像的物理尺寸")]
+        public SizeF DPI { get => Exporter.DPI; set => Exporter.DPI = value; }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/Exporter/FrameSequenceExporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/Exporter/FrameSequenceExporter.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-using SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs;
-using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -7,28 +7,28 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.Exporter
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
 {
    /// <summary>
    /// 帧序列导出器
    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.FrameSequence)]
    public class FrameSequenceExporter : VideoExporter
    {
-        public FrameSequenceExporter(FrameSequenceExportArgs exportArgs) : base(exportArgs) { }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件名后缀, 同时决定帧图像格式, 支持的格式为 <c>".png", ".jpg", ".tga", ".bmp"</c>
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Suffix { get; set; } = ".png";

-        protected override void ExportSingle(Spine.Spine[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
+        protected override void ExportSingle(SpineObject[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
        {
-            var args = (FrameSequenceExportArgs)ExportArgs;
-
            // 导出单个时必定提供输出文件夹, 
-            var saveDir = Path.Combine(args.OutputDir, $"frames_{timestamp}_{args.FPS:f0}");
+            var saveDir = Path.Combine(OutputDir, $"frames_{timestamp}_{FPS:f0}");
            Directory.CreateDirectory(saveDir);

            int frameIdx = 0;
            foreach (var frame in GetFrames(spinesToRender, worker))
            {
-                var filename = $"frames_{timestamp}_{args.FPS:f0}_{frameIdx:d6}{args.Suffix}";
+                var filename = $"frames_{timestamp}_{FPS:f0}_{frameIdx:d6}{Suffix}";
                var savePath = Path.Combine(saveDir, filename);

                try
@@ -48,22 +48,21 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.Exporter
            }
        }

-        protected override void ExportIndividual(Spine.Spine[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
+        protected override void ExportIndividual(SpineObject[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
        {
-            var args = (FrameSequenceExportArgs)ExportArgs;
            foreach (var spine in spinesToRender)
            {
                if (worker?.CancellationPending == true) break; // 取消的日志在 GetFrames 里输出

                // 如果提供了输出文件夹, 则全部导出到输出文件夹, 否则导出到各自的文件夹下
-                var subDir = $"{spine.Name}_{timestamp}_{args.FPS:f0}";
-                var saveDir = args.OutputDir is null ? Path.Combine(spine.AssetsDir, subDir) : Path.Combine(args.OutputDir, subDir);
+                var subDir = $"{spine.Name}_{timestamp}_{FPS:f0}";
+                var saveDir = Path.Combine(OutputDir ?? spine.AssetsDir, subDir);
                Directory.CreateDirectory(saveDir);

                int frameIdx = 0;
                foreach (var frame in GetFrames(spine, worker))
                {
-                    var filename = $"{spine.Name}_{timestamp}_{args.FPS:f0}_{frameIdx:d6}{args.Suffix}";
+                    var filename = $"{spine.Name}_{timestamp}_{FPS:f0}_{frameIdx:d6}{Suffix}";
                    var savePath = Path.Combine(saveDir, filename);

                    try
@@ -84,4 +83,17 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.Exporter
            }
        }
    }
+
+    public class FrameSequenceExporterProperty(VideoExporter exporter) : VideoExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override FrameSequenceExporter Exporter => (FrameSequenceExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件名后缀
+        /// </summary>
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter)), StringEnumConverter.StandardValues(".png", ".jpg", ".tga", ".bmp")]
+        [Category("[2] 帧序列参数"), DisplayName("文件名后缀"), Description("帧文件的后缀，同时决定帧图像格式")]
+        public string Suffix { get => Exporter.Suffix; set => Exporter.Suffix = value; }
+    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/GifExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/GifExportArgs.cs
@@ -6,21 +6,16 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
 {
    /// <summary>
    /// GIF 导出参数
    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Gif)]
-    public class GifExportArgs : FFmpegVideoExportArgs
+    public class GifExporter : FFmpegVideoExporter
    {
-        public GifExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly) : base(resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly) 
+        public GifExporter()
        {
-            // 给一个纯白的背景
-            BackgroundColor = new(255, 255, 255, 0);
-
-            // GIF 的帧率不能太高, 超过 50 帧反而会变慢
-            FPS = 12;
+            FPS = 24;
        }

        public override string Format => "gif";
@@ -30,27 +25,55 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
        /// <summary>
        /// 调色板最大颜色数量
        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("调色板最大颜色数量"), Description("设置调色板使用的最大颜色数量, 越多则色彩保留程度越高")]
        public uint MaxColors { get => maxColors; set => maxColors = Math.Clamp(value, 2, 256); }
        private uint maxColors = 256;

        /// <summary>
        /// 透明度阈值
        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("透明度阈值"), Description("小于该值的像素点会被认为是透明像素")]
        public byte AlphaThreshold { get => alphaThreshold; set => alphaThreshold = value; }
        private byte alphaThreshold = 128;

+        /// <summary>
+        /// 循环次数, -1 不循环, 0 无限循环, 取值范围 [-1, 65535]
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Loop { get => loop; set => loop = Math.Clamp(value, -1, 65535); }
+        private int loop = 0;
+
+        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{MaxColors}_{AlphaThreshold}";
+
        public override void SetOutputOptions(FFMpegArgumentOptions options)
        {
            base.SetOutputOptions(options);
            var v = $"[0:v] split [s0][s1]";
            var s0 = $"[s0] palettegen=reserve_transparent=1:max_colors={MaxColors} [p]";
            var s1 = $"[s1][p] paletteuse=dither=bayer:alpha_threshold={AlphaThreshold}";
-            var customArgs = $"-filter_complex \"{v};{s0};{s1}\"";
+            var customArgs = $"-filter_complex \"{v};{s0};{s1}\" -loop {Loop}";
            options.WithCustomArgument(customArgs);
        }
+    }

-        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{MaxColors}_{AlphaThreshold}";
+    class GifExporterProperty(FFmpegVideoExporter exporter) : FFmpegVideoExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override GifExporter Exporter => (GifExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 调色板最大颜色数量
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("调色板最大颜色数量"), Description("设置调色板使用的最大颜色数量, 越多则色彩保留程度越高")]
+        public uint MaxColors { get => Exporter.MaxColors; set => Exporter.MaxColors = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 透明度阈值
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("透明度阈值"), Description("小于该值的像素点会被认为是透明像素")]
+        public byte AlphaThreshold { get => Exporter.AlphaThreshold; set => Exporter.AlphaThreshold = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 透明度阈值
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("循环次数"), Description("-loop, 循环次数, -1 不循环, 0 无限循环, 取值范围 [-1, 65535]")]
+        public int Loop { get => Exporter.Loop; set => Exporter.Loop = value; }
    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/MkvExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/MkvExportArgs.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using FFMpegCore;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -6,17 +7,16 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
 {
    /// <summary>
    /// MKV 导出参数
    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Mkv)]
-    public class MkvExportArgs : FFmpegVideoExportArgs
+    public class MkvExporter : FFmpegVideoExporter
    {
-        public MkvExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly) : base(resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly)
+        public MkvExporter()
        {
-            BackgroundColor = new(0, 255, 0, 0);
+            BackgroundColor = new(0, 255, 0);
        }

        public override string Format => "matroska";
@@ -26,32 +26,53 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
        /// <summary>
        /// 编码器
        /// </summary>
-        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("libx264", "libx265", "libvpx-vp9", Customizable = true)]
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("编码器"), Description("要使用的编码器")]
        public string Codec { get; set; } = "libx265";

        /// <summary>
        /// CRF
        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("CRF"), Description("-crf, 取值范围 0-63, 建议范围 18-28, 默认取值 23, 数值越小则输出质量越高")]
        public int CRF { get => crf; set => crf = Math.Clamp(value, 0, 63); }
        private int crf = 23;

        /// <summary>
        /// 像素格式
        /// </summary>
-        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("yuv420p", "yuv422p", "yuv444p", "yuva420p", Customizable = true)]
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("像素格式"), Description("要使用的像素格式")]
        public string PixelFormat { get; set; } = "yuv444p";

+        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{Codec}_{CRF}_{PixelFormat}";
+
        public override void SetOutputOptions(FFMpegArgumentOptions options)
        {
            base.SetOutputOptions(options);
            options.WithVideoCodec(Codec).WithConstantRateFactor(CRF).ForcePixelFormat(PixelFormat);
        }
+    }

-        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{Codec}_{CRF}_{PixelFormat}";
+    public class MkvExporterProperty(FFmpegVideoExporter exporter) : FFmpegVideoExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override MkvExporter Exporter => (MkvExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 编码器
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("libx264", "libx265", "libvpx-vp9", "av1_nvenc", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("编码器"), Description("-c:v, 要使用的编码器")]
+        public string Codec { get => Exporter.Codec; set => Exporter.Codec = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// CRF
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("CRF"), Description("-crf, 取值范围 0-63, 建议范围 18-28, 默认取值 23, 数值越小则输出质量越高")]
+        public int CRF { get => Exporter.CRF; set => Exporter.CRF = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 像素格式
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("yuv420p", "yuv422p", "yuv444p", "yuva420p", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("像素格式"), Description("-pix_fmt, 要使用的像素格式")]
+        public string PixelFormat { get => Exporter.PixelFormat; set => Exporter.PixelFormat = value; }
    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/MovExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/MovExportArgs.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using FFMpegCore;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -6,17 +7,16 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
 {
    /// <summary>
    /// MOV 导出参数
    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Mov)]
-    public class MovExportArgs : FFmpegVideoExportArgs
+    public class MovExporter : FFmpegVideoExporter
    {
-        public MovExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly) : base(resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly)
+        public MovExporter()
        {
-            BackgroundColor = new(0, 255, 0, 0);
+            BackgroundColor = new(0, 255, 0);
        }

        public override string Format => "mov";
@@ -26,33 +26,54 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
        /// <summary>
        /// 编码器
        /// </summary>
-        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("prores_ks", Customizable = true)]
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("编码器"), Description("要使用的编码器")]
        public string Codec { get; set; } = "prores_ks";

        /// <summary>
        /// 预设
        /// </summary>
-        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("auto", "proxy", "lt", "standard", "hq", "4444", "444xq")]
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("预设"), Description("-profile, 预设配置")]
        public string Profile { get; set; } = "auto";

        /// <summary>
        /// 像素格式
        /// </summary>
-        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("yuv422p10le", "yuv444p10le", "yuva444p10le", Customizable = true)]
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("像素格式"), Description("要使用的像素格式")]
        public string PixelFormat { get; set; } = "yuva444p10le";

+        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{Codec}_{Profile}_{PixelFormat}";
+
        public override void SetOutputOptions(FFMpegArgumentOptions options)
        {
            base.SetOutputOptions(options);
            options.WithFastStart().WithVideoCodec(Codec).WithCustomArgument($"-profile {Profile}").ForcePixelFormat(PixelFormat);
        }
+    }

-        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{Codec}_{Profile}_{PixelFormat}";
+    public class MovExporterProperty(FFmpegVideoExporter exporter) : FFmpegVideoExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override MovExporter Exporter => (MovExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 编码器
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("prores_ks", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("编码器"), Description("-c:v, 要使用的编码器")]
+        public string Codec { get => Exporter.Codec; set => Exporter.Codec = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 预设
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("auto", "proxy", "lt", "standard", "hq", "4444", "4444xq")]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("预设"), Description("-profile, 预设配置")]
+        public string Profile { get => Exporter.Profile; set => Exporter.Profile = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 像素格式
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("yuv422p10le", "yuv444p10le", "yuva444p10le", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("像素格式"), Description("-pix_fmt, 要使用的像素格式")]
+        public string PixelFormat { get => Exporter.PixelFormat; set => Exporter.PixelFormat = value; }
    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/Mp4ExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/Mp4ExportArgs.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using FFMpegCore;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -6,17 +7,16 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
 {
    /// <summary>
    /// MP4 导出参数
    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Mp4)]
-    public class Mp4ExportArgs : FFmpegVideoExportArgs
+    public class Mp4Exporter : FFmpegVideoExporter
    {
-        public Mp4ExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly) : base(resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly)
+        public Mp4Exporter()
        {
-            BackgroundColor = new(0, 255, 0, 0);
+            BackgroundColor = new(0, 255, 0);
        }

        public override string Format => "mp4";
@@ -26,32 +26,53 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
        /// <summary>
        /// 编码器
        /// </summary>
-        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("libx264", "libx265", Customizable = true)]
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("编码器"), Description("要使用的编码器")]
        public string Codec { get; set; } = "libx264";

        /// <summary>
        /// CRF
        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("CRF"), Description("-crf, 取值范围 0-63, 建议范围 18-28, 默认取值 23, 数值越小则输出质量越高")]
        public int CRF { get => crf; set => crf = Math.Clamp(value, 0, 63); }
        private int crf = 23;

        /// <summary>
        /// 像素格式
        /// </summary>
-        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("yuv420p", "yuv422p", "yuv444p", Customizable = true)]
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("像素格式"), Description("要使用的像素格式")]
        public string PixelFormat { get; set; } = "yuv444p";

+        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{Codec}_{CRF}_{PixelFormat}";
+
        public override void SetOutputOptions(FFMpegArgumentOptions options)
        {
            base.SetOutputOptions(options);
            options.WithFastStart().WithVideoCodec(Codec).WithConstantRateFactor(CRF).ForcePixelFormat(PixelFormat);
        }
+    }

-        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{Codec}_{CRF}_{PixelFormat}";
+    public class Mp4ExporterProperty(FFmpegVideoExporter exporter) : FFmpegVideoExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override Mp4Exporter Exporter => (Mp4Exporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 编码器
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("libx264", "libx265", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("编码器"), Description("-c:v, 要使用的编码器")]
+        public string Codec { get => Exporter.Codec; set => Exporter.Codec = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// CRF
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("CRF"), Description("-crf, 取值范围 0-63, 建议范围 18-28, 默认取值 23, 数值越小则输出质量越高")]
+        public int CRF { get => Exporter.CRF; set => Exporter.CRF = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 像素格式
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("yuv420p", "yuv422p", "yuv444p", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("像素格式"), Description("-pix_fmt, 要使用的像素格式")]
+        public string PixelFormat { get => Exporter.PixelFormat; set => Exporter.PixelFormat = value; }
    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/VideoExporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/VideoExporter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 视频导出基类
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class VideoExporter : Exporter
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导出时长
+        /// </summary>
+        public float Duration { get => duration; set => duration = value < 0 ? -1 : value; }
+        private float duration = -1;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 帧率
+        /// </summary>
+        public float FPS { get; set; } = 60;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否保留最后一帧
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool KeepLast { get; set; } = true;
+
+        public override string? Validate()
+        {
+            if (base.Validate() is string error)
+                return error;
+            if (IsExportSingle && Duration < 0)
+                return "导出单个时导出时长不能为负数";
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 生成单个模型的帧序列
+        /// </summary>
+        protected IEnumerable<SFMLImageVideoFrame> GetFrames(SpineObject spine, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
+        {
+            // 独立导出时如果 Duration 小于 0 则使用所有轨道上动画时长最大值
+            var duration = Duration;
+            if (duration < 0) duration = spine.GetTrackIndices().Select(i => spine.GetAnimationDuration(spine.GetAnimation(i))).Max();
+
+            float delta = 1f / FPS;
+            int total = (int)(duration * FPS); // 完整帧的数量
+
+            float deltaFinal = duration - delta * total; // 最后一帧时长
+            int final = KeepLast && deltaFinal > 1e-3 ? 1 : 0;
+
+            int frameCount = 1 + total + final; // 所有帧的数量 = 起始帧 + 完整帧 + 最后一帧
+
+            worker?.ReportProgress(0, $"{spine.Name} 已处理 0/{frameCount} 帧");
+
+            // 导出首帧
+            var firstFrame = GetFrame(spine);
+            worker?.ReportProgress(1 * 100 / frameCount, $"{spine.Name} 已处理 1/{frameCount} 帧");
+            yield return firstFrame;
+
+            // 导出完整帧
+            for (int i = 0; i < total; i++)
+            {
+                if (worker?.CancellationPending == true)
+                {
+                    logger.Info("Export cancelled");
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                spine.Update(delta);
+                var frame = GetFrame(spine);
+                worker?.ReportProgress((1 + i + 1) * 100 / frameCount, $"{spine.Name} 已处理 {1 + i + 1}/{frameCount} 帧");
+                yield return frame;
+            }
+
+            // 导出最后一帧
+            if (final > 0)
+            {
+                spine.Update(deltaFinal);
+                var finalFrame = GetFrame(spine);
+                worker?.ReportProgress(100, $"{spine.Name} 已处理 {frameCount}/{frameCount} 帧");
+                yield return finalFrame;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 生成多个模型的帧序列
+        /// </summary>
+        protected IEnumerable<SFMLImageVideoFrame> GetFrames(SpineObject[] spinesToRender, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
+        {
+            // 导出单个时必须根据 Duration 决定导出时长
+            var duration = Duration;
+
+            float delta = 1f / FPS;
+            int total = (int)(duration * FPS); // 完整帧的数量
+
+            float deltaFinal = duration - delta * total; // 最后一帧时长
+            int final = KeepLast && deltaFinal > 1e-3 ? 1 : 0;
+
+            int frameCount = 1 + total + final; // 所有帧的数量 = 起始帧 + 完整帧 + 最后一帧
+
+            worker?.ReportProgress(0, $"已处理 0/{frameCount} 帧");
+
+            // 导出首帧
+            var firstFrame = GetFrame(spinesToRender);
+            worker?.ReportProgress(1 * 100 / frameCount, $"已处理 1/{frameCount} 帧");
+            yield return firstFrame;
+
+            // 导出完整帧
+            for (int i = 0; i < total; i++)
+            {
+                if (worker?.CancellationPending == true)
+                {
+                    logger.Info("Export cancelled");
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                foreach (var spine in spinesToRender) spine.Update(delta);
+                var frame = GetFrame(spinesToRender);
+                worker?.ReportProgress((1 + i + 1) * 100 / frameCount, $"已处理 {1 + i + 1}/{frameCount} 帧");
+                yield return frame;
+            }
+
+            // 导出最后一帧
+            if (final > 0)
+            {
+                foreach (var spine in spinesToRender) spine.Update(delta);
+                var finalFrame = GetFrame(spinesToRender);
+                worker?.ReportProgress(100, $"已处理 {frameCount}/{frameCount} 帧");
+                yield return finalFrame;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void Export(SpineObject[] spines, BackgroundWorker? worker = null)
+        {
+            // 导出视频格式需要把模型时间都重置到 0
+            foreach (var spine in spines) spine.ResetAnimationsTime();
+            base.Export(spines, worker);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class VideoExporterProperty(VideoExporter exporter) : ExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override VideoExporter Exporter => (VideoExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导出时长
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[1] 视频参数"), DisplayName("时长"), Description("可以从模型列表查看动画时长, 如果小于 0, 则在逐个导出时每个模型使用各自的所有轨道动画时长最大值")]
+        public float Duration { get => Exporter.Duration; set => Exporter.Duration = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 帧率
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[1] 视频参数"), DisplayName("帧率"), Description("每秒画面数")]
+        public float FPS { get => Exporter.FPS; set => Exporter.FPS = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 保留最后一帧
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[1] 视频参数"), DisplayName("保留最后一帧"), Description("当设置保留最后一帧时, 动图会更为连贯, 但是帧数可能比预期帧数多 1")]
+        public bool KeepLast { get => Exporter.KeepLast; set => Exporter.KeepLast = value; }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/WebmExportArgs.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Exporter/Implementations/ExportArgs/WebmExportArgs.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using FFMpegCore;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
@@ -6,15 +7,14 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

-namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
 {
    /// <summary>
    /// WebM 导出参数
    /// </summary>
-    [ExportImplementation(ExportType.Webm)]
-    public class WebmExportArgs : FFmpegVideoExportArgs
+    public class WebmExporter : FFmpegVideoExporter
    {
-        public WebmExportArgs(Size resolution, SFML.Graphics.View view, bool renderSelectedOnly) : base(resolution, view, renderSelectedOnly)
+        public WebmExporter()
        {
            // 默认用透明黑背景
            BackgroundColor = new(0, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -27,32 +27,53 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Exporter.Implementations.ExportArgs
        /// <summary>
        /// 编码器
        /// </summary>
-        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("libvpx-vp9", Customizable = true)]
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("编码器"), Description("要使用的编码器")]
        public string Codec { get; set; } = "libvpx-vp9";

        /// <summary>
        /// CRF
        /// </summary>
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("CRF"), Description("Constant Rate Factor, 取值范围 0-63, 建议范围 18-28, 默认取值 23, 数值越小则输出质量越高")]
        public int CRF { get => crf; set => crf = Math.Clamp(value, 0, 63); }
        private int crf = 23;

        /// <summary>
        /// 像素格式
        /// </summary>
-        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("yuv420p", "yuv422p", "yuv444p", "yuva420p", Customizable = true)]
-        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
-        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("像素格式"), Description("要使用的像素格式")]
        public string PixelFormat { get; set; } = "yuva420p";

+        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{Codec}_{CRF}_{PixelFormat}";
+
        public override void SetOutputOptions(FFMpegArgumentOptions options)
        {
            base.SetOutputOptions(options);
            options.WithVideoCodec(Codec).WithConstantRateFactor(CRF).ForcePixelFormat(PixelFormat);
        }
+    }

-        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{Codec}_{CRF}_{PixelFormat}";
+    public class WebmExporterProperty(WebmExporter exporter) : FFmpegVideoExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override WebmExporter Exporter => (WebmExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 编码器
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("libvpx-vp9", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("编码器"), Description("-c:v, 要使用的编码器")]
+        public string Codec { get => Exporter.Codec; set => Exporter.Codec = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// CRF
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("CRF"), Description("-crf, 取值范围 0-63, 建议范围 18-28, 默认取值 23, 数值越小则输出质量越高")]
+        public int CRF { get => Exporter.CRF; set => Exporter.CRF = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 像素格式
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("yuv420p", "yuv422p", "yuv444p", "yuva420p", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("像素格式"), Description("-pix_fmt, 要使用的像素格式")]
+        public string PixelFormat { get => Exporter.PixelFormat; set => Exporter.PixelFormat = value; }
    }
 }
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/WebpExporter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineExporter/WebpExporter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+using FFMpegCore;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineExporter
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// MP4 导出参数
+    /// </summary>
+    public class WebpExporter : FFmpegVideoExporter
+    {
+        public WebpExporter()
+        {
+            FPS = 24;
+        }
+
+        public override string Format => "webp";
+
+        public override string Suffix => ".webp";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 编码器
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Codec { get; set; } = "libwebp_anim";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否无损
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool Lossless { get; set; } = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 质量
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Quality { get => quality; set => quality = Math.Clamp(value, 0, 100); }
+        private int quality = 75;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 像素格式
+        /// </summary>
+        public string PixelFormat { get; set; } = "yuva420p";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 循环次数, 0 无限循环, 取值范围 [0, 65535]
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Loop { get => loop; set => loop = Math.Clamp(value, 0, 65535); }
+        private int loop = 0;
+
+        public override string FileNameNoteSuffix => $"{Codec}_{Quality}_{PixelFormat}";
+
+        public override void SetOutputOptions(FFMpegArgumentOptions options)
+        {
+            base.SetOutputOptions(options);
+            options.WithVideoCodec(Codec).ForcePixelFormat(PixelFormat).WithCustomArgument($"-lossless {(Lossless ? 1 : 0)} -quality {Quality} -loop {Loop}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class WebpExporterProperty(WebpExporter exporter) : FFmpegVideoExporterProperty(exporter)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public override WebpExporter Exporter => (WebpExporter)base.Exporter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 编码器
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("libwebp_anim", "libwebp", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("编码器"), Description("-c:v, 要使用的编码器")]
+        public string Codec { get => Exporter.Codec; set => Exporter.Codec = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否无损
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("无损"), Description("-lossless, 0 表示有损, 1 表示无损")]
+        public bool Lossless { get => Exporter.Lossless; set => Exporter.Lossless = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// CRF
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("质量"), Description("-quality, 取值范围 0-100, 默认值 75")]
+        public int Quality { get => Exporter.Quality; set => Exporter.Quality = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 像素格式
+        /// </summary>
+        [StringEnumConverter.StandardValues("yuv420p", "yuva420p", Customizable = true)]
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("像素格式"), Description("-pix_fmt, 要使用的像素格式")]
+        public string PixelFormat { get => Exporter.PixelFormat; set => Exporter.PixelFormat = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 透明度阈值
+        /// </summary>
+        [Category("[3] 格式参数"), DisplayName("循环次数"), Description("-loop, 循环次数, 0 无限循环, 取值范围 [0, 65535]")]
+        public int Loop { get => Exporter.Loop; set => Exporter.Loop = value; }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineObject.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineObject.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Drawing.Design;
+using NLog;
+using System.Xml.Linq;
+using SpineViewer.Extensions;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Spine 基类, 使用静态方法 New 来创建具体版本对象, 该类是线程安全的
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class SpineObject : ImplementationResolver<SpineObject, SpineImplementationAttribute, SpineVersion>, SFML.Graphics.Drawable, IDisposable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 空动画标记
+        /// </summary>
+        protected const string EMPTY_ANIMATION = "<Empty>";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 预览图像素大小
+        /// </summary>
+        protected static readonly Size PreviewResolution = new(256, 256);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 创建特定版本的 Spine
+        /// </summary>
+        public static SpineObject New(SpineVersion version, string skelPath, string? atlasPath = null)
+        {
+            atlasPath ??= Path.ChangeExtension(skelPath, ".atlas");
+            skelPath = Path.GetFullPath(skelPath);
+            atlasPath = Path.GetFullPath(atlasPath);
+            
+            if (version == SpineVersion.Auto) version = SpineUtils.GetVersion(skelPath);
+            if (!File.Exists(atlasPath)) throw new FileNotFoundException($"atlas file {atlasPath} not found");
+            return New(version, [skelPath, atlasPath]).PostInit();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 数据锁
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly object _lock = new();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 日志器
+        /// </summary>
+        protected readonly Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 构造函数
+        /// </summary>
+        public SpineObject(string skelPath, string atlasPath)
+        {
+            Version = GetType().GetCustomAttribute<SpineImplementationAttribute>().ImplementationKey;
+            AssetsDir = Directory.GetParent(skelPath).FullName;
+            SkelPath = Path.GetFullPath(skelPath);
+            AtlasPath = Path.GetFullPath(atlasPath);
+            Name = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(skelPath);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 构造函数之后的初始化工作
+        /// </summary>
+        private SpineObject PostInit()
+        {
+            SkinNames = skinNames.AsReadOnly();
+            AnimationNames = animationNames.AsReadOnly();
+
+            // 必须 Update 一次否则包围盒还没有值
+            update(0);
+
+            // XXX: tex 没办法在这里主动 Dispose
+            // 批量添加在获取预览图的时候极大概率会和预览线程死锁
+            // 虽然两边不会同时调用 Draw, 但是死锁似乎和 Draw 函数有关
+            // 除此之外, 似乎还和 tex 的 Dispose 有关
+            // 如果不对 tex 进行 Dispose, 那么不管是否 Draw 都正常不会死锁
+            var tex = new SFML.Graphics.RenderTexture((uint)PreviewResolution.Width, (uint)PreviewResolution.Height);
+            var bounds = getCurrentBounds().GetCanvasBounds(PreviewResolution);
+            using var view = new SFML.Graphics.View(
+                new(bounds.X + bounds.Width / 2, bounds.Y + bounds.Height / 2),
+                new(bounds.Width, -bounds.Height)
+            );
+            tex.SetView(view);
+            tex.Clear(SFML.Graphics.Color.Transparent);
+            tex.Draw(this);
+            tex.Display();
+            Preview = tex.Texture.CopyToBitmap();
+
+            // 默认初始化10个空位
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            {
+                setAnimation(i, AnimationNames.First());
+                loadedSkins.Add(SkinNames.First());
+            }
+            reloadSkins();
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        ~SpineObject() { Dispose(false); }
+        public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); }
+        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        { 
+            Preview?.Dispose();
+            triangleVertices.Dispose();
+            lineVertices.Dispose();
+            rectLineVertices.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 运行时唯一 ID
+        /// </summary>
+        public string ID { get; } = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 骨骼预览图, 并没有去除预乘, 画面可能偏暗
+        /// </summary>
+        public Image Preview { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取所属版本
+        /// </summary>
+        public SpineVersion Version { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 资源所在完整目录
+        /// </summary>
+        public string AssetsDir { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// skel 文件完整路径
+        /// </summary>
+        public string SkelPath { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// atlas 文件完整路径
+        /// </summary>
+        public string AtlasPath { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 名称
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Name { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取所属文件版本
+        /// </summary>
+        public abstract string FileVersion { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否被隐藏, 被隐藏的模型将仅仅在列表显示, 不参与其他行为
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsHidden { get { lock (_lock) return isHidden; } set { lock (_lock) isHidden = value; } }
+        protected bool isHidden = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否使用预乘 Alpha
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool UsePma { get { lock (_lock) return usePma; } set { lock (_lock) usePma = value; } }
+        protected bool usePma = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 缩放比例
+        /// </summary>
+        public float Scale
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return scale; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { scale = Math.Max(value, 0.001f); update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected abstract float scale { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 位置
+        /// </summary>
+        public PointF Position
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return position; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { position = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected abstract PointF position { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 水平翻转
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool FlipX
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return flipX; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { flipX = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected abstract bool flipX { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 垂直翻转
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool FlipY
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return flipY; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { flipY = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected abstract bool flipY { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 包含的所有皮肤名称
+        /// </summary>
+        public ReadOnlyCollection<string> SkinNames { get; private set; }
+        protected readonly List<string> skinNames = [];
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 包含的所有动画名称
+        /// </summary>
+        public ReadOnlyCollection<string> AnimationNames { get; private set; }
+        protected readonly List<string> animationNames = [EMPTY_ANIMATION];
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否被选中
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsSelected
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return isSelected; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { isSelected = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected bool isSelected = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 启用渲染调试
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool EnableDebug
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return enableDebug; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { enableDebug = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        private bool enableDebug = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示纹理
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool DebugTexture
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return debugTexture; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { debugTexture = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        private bool debugTexture = true;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示包围盒
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool DebugBounds
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return debugBounds; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { debugBounds = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected bool debugBounds = true;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示骨骼
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool DebugBones
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return debugBones; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { debugBones = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected bool debugBones = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示区域附件边框
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool DebugRegions
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return debugRegions; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { debugRegions = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected bool debugRegions = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示网格附件边框线
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool DebugMeshHulls
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return debugMeshHulls; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { debugMeshHulls = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected bool debugMeshHulls = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示网格附件网格线
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool DebugMeshes
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return debugMeshes; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { debugMeshes = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected bool debugMeshes = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示碰撞盒附件边框线
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool DebugBoundingBoxes
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return debugBoundingBoxes; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { debugBoundingBoxes = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected bool debugBoundingBoxes = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示路径附件网格线
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool DebugPaths
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return debugPaths; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { debugPaths = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected bool debugPaths = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示点附件
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool DebugPoints
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return debugPoints; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { debugPoints = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected bool debugPoints = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示剪裁附件网格线
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool DebugClippings
+        {
+            get { lock (_lock) return debugClippings; }
+            set { lock (_lock) { debugClippings = value; update(0); } }
+        }
+        protected bool debugClippings = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取已加载的皮肤列表快照, 允许出现重复值
+        /// </summary>
+        public string[] GetLoadedSkins() { lock (_lock) return loadedSkins.ToArray(); }
+        protected readonly List<string> loadedSkins = [];
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 加载指定皮肤, 添加至列表末尾, 如果不存在则忽略, 允许加载重复的值
+        /// </summary>
+        public void LoadSkin(string name)
+        {
+            if (!skinNames.Contains(name)) return;
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                loadedSkins.Add(name);
+                reloadSkins();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 卸载列表指定位置皮肤, 如果超出范围则忽略
+        /// </summary>
+        public void UnloadSkin(int idx)
+        {
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                if (idx < 0 || idx >= loadedSkins.Count) return;
+                loadedSkins.RemoveAt(idx);
+                reloadSkins();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 替换皮肤列表指定位置皮肤, 超出范围或者皮肤不存在则忽略
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ReplaceSkin(int idx, string name)
+        {
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                if (idx < 0 || idx >= loadedSkins.Count || !skinNames.Contains(name)) return;
+                loadedSkins[idx] = name;
+                reloadSkins();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 重新加载现有皮肤列表, 用于刷新等操作
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ReloadSkins() { lock (_lock) reloadSkins(); }
+        private void reloadSkins()
+        {
+            clearSkin();
+            foreach (var s in loadedSkins.Distinct()) addSkin(s);
+            update(0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 加载皮肤, 如果不存在则忽略
+        /// </summary>
+        protected abstract void addSkin(string name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 清空加载的所有皮肤
+        /// </summary>
+        protected abstract void clearSkin();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取所有非 null 的轨道索引快照
+        /// </summary>
+        public int[] GetTrackIndices() { lock (_lock) return getTrackIndices(); }
+        protected abstract int[] getTrackIndices();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取指定轨道的当前动画, 如果没有, 应当返回空动画名称
+        /// </summary>
+        public string GetAnimation(int track) { lock (_lock) return getAnimation(track); }
+        protected abstract string getAnimation(int track);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 设置某个轨道动画
+        /// </summary>
+        public void SetAnimation(int track, string name) { lock (_lock) { setAnimation(track, name); update(0); } }
+        protected abstract void setAnimation(int track, string name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 清除某个轨道, 与设置空动画不同, 是彻底删除轨道内的东西
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ClearTrack(int i) { lock (_lock) { clearTrack(i); update(0); } }
+        protected abstract void clearTrack(int i); // XXX: 清除轨道之后被加载的附件还是会保留, 不会自动卸下, 除非使用 SetSlotsToSetupPose
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取动画时长, 如果动画不存在则返回 0
+        /// </summary>
+        public abstract float GetAnimationDuration(string name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 重置所有轨道上的动画时间
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ResetAnimationsTime() { lock (_lock) { foreach (var i in getTrackIndices()) setAnimation(i, getAnimation(i)); update(0); } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取当前状态包围盒
+        /// </summary>
+        public RectangleF GetCurrentBounds() { lock (_lock) return getCurrentBounds(); }
+        protected abstract RectangleF getCurrentBounds();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取当前参数下包围盒最大范围, 不是精确值
+        /// </summary>
+        public RectangleF GetBounds() { lock (_lock) return getBounds(); }
+        protected abstract RectangleF getBounds();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 更新内部状态
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Update(float delta) { lock (_lock) update(delta); }
+        protected abstract void update(float delta);
+
+        #region SFML.Graphics.Drawable 接口实现
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 包围盒颜色
+        /// </summary>
+        protected static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color BoundsColor = new(120, 200, 0);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 骨骼点颜色
+        /// </summary>
+        protected static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color BonePointColor = new(0, 255, 0);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 骨骼线颜色
+        /// </summary>
+        protected static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color BoneLineColor = new(255, 0, 0);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 网格线颜色
+        /// </summary>
+        protected static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color MeshLineColor = new(255, 163, 0, 128);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 附件边框线颜色
+        /// </summary>
+        protected static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color AttachmentLineColor = new(0, 0, 255, 128);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 剪裁附件边框线颜色
+        /// </summary>
+        protected static readonly SFML.Graphics.Color ClippingLineColor = new(204, 0, 0);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// spine 顶点坐标缓冲区
+        /// </summary>
+        protected float[] worldVerticesBuffer = new float[1024];
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 三角形顶点缓冲区
+        /// </summary>
+        protected readonly SFML.Graphics.VertexArray triangleVertices = new(SFML.Graphics.PrimitiveType.Triangles);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 无面积线条缓冲区
+        /// </summary>
+        protected readonly SFML.Graphics.VertexArray lineVertices = new(SFML.Graphics.PrimitiveType.Lines);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 有半径圆点临时缓存对象
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly SFML.Graphics.CircleShape circlePointShape = new();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 有宽度线条缓冲区, 需要通过 <see cref="AddRectLine"/> 添加顶点
+        /// </summary>
+        protected readonly SFML.Graphics.VertexArray rectLineVertices = new(SFML.Graphics.PrimitiveType.Quads);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 绘制有半径的实心圆点, 随模型一起缩放大小
+        /// </summary>
+        protected void DrawCirclePoint(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.System.Vector2f p, SFML.Graphics.Color color, float radius = 1)
+        {
+            circlePointShape.Origin = new(radius, radius);
+            circlePointShape.Position = p;
+            circlePointShape.FillColor = color;
+            circlePointShape.Radius = radius;
+            target.Draw(circlePointShape);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 绘制有宽度的实心线, 会随模型一起缩放粗细, 顶点被存储在 <see cref="rectLineVertices"/> 数组内
+        /// </summary>
+        protected void AddRectLine(SFML.System.Vector2f p1, SFML.System.Vector2f p2, SFML.Graphics.Color color, float width = 1)
+        {
+            var dx = p2.X - p1.X;
+            var dy = p2.Y - p1.Y;
+            var dt = (float)Math.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+            if (dt == 0) return;
+
+            var cosTheta = -dy / dt;
+            var sinTheta = dx / dt;
+            var halfWidth = width / 2;
+            var t = new SFML.System.Vector2f(halfWidth * cosTheta, halfWidth * sinTheta);
+            var v = new SFML.Graphics.Vertex() { Color = color };
+
+            v.Position = p1 + t; rectLineVertices.Append(v);
+            v.Position = p2 + t; rectLineVertices.Append(v);
+            v.Position = p2 - t; rectLineVertices.Append(v);
+            v.Position = p1 - t; rectLineVertices.Append(v);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// SFML.Graphics.Drawable 接口实现
+        /// <para>这个渲染实现绘制出来的像素将是预乘的, 当渲染的背景透明度是 1 时, 则等价于非预乘的结果, 即正常画面, 否则画面偏暗</para>
+        /// <para>可以用于 <see cref="SFML.Graphics.RenderWindow"/> 的渲染, 因为直接在窗口上绘制时窗口始终是不透明的</para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states)
+        {
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                if (!enableDebug)
+                {
+                    draw(target, states);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (debugTexture) draw(target, states);
+                    if (isSelected) debugDraw(target);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 这个渲染实现绘制出来的像素将是预乘的, 当渲染的背景透明度是 1 时, 则等价于非预乘的结果, 即正常画面, 否则画面偏暗
+        /// <para>可以用于 <see cref="SFML.Graphics.RenderWindow"/> 的渲染, 因为直接在窗口上绘制时窗口始终是不透明的</para>
+        /// </summary>
+        protected abstract void draw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target, SFML.Graphics.RenderStates states);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 渲染调试内容
+        /// </summary>
+        protected abstract void debugDraw(SFML.Graphics.RenderTarget target);
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineHelper.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineHelper.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Collections.Immutable;
 using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
@@ -11,35 +12,10 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;

 namespace SpineViewer.Spine
 {
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 支持的 Spine 版本
-    /// </summary>
-    public enum SpineVersion
-    {
-        [Description("<Auto>")] Auto = 0x0000,
-        [Description("2.1.x")] V21 = 0x0201,
-        [Description("3.6.x")] V36 = 0x0306,
-        [Description("3.7.x")] V37 = 0x0307,
-        [Description("3.8.x")] V38 = 0x0308,
-        [Description("4.0.x")] V40 = 0x0400,
-        [Description("4.1.x")] V41 = 0x0401,
-        [Description("4.2.x")] V42 = 0x0402,
-        [Description("4.3.x")] V43 = 0x0403,
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Spine 实现类标记
-    /// </summary>
-    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)]
-    public class SpineImplementationAttribute(SpineVersion version) : Attribute, IImplementationKey<SpineVersion>
-    {
-        public SpineVersion ImplementationKey { get; private set; } = version;
-    }
-
    /// <summary>
    /// Spine 版本静态辅助类
    /// </summary>
-    public static class SpineHelper
+    public static class SpineUtils
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 版本名称
@@ -52,7 +28,7 @@ namespace SpineViewer.Spine
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly Dictionary<SpineVersion, string> runtimes = [];

-        static SpineHelper()
+        static SpineUtils()
        {
            // 初始化缓存
            foreach (var value in Enum.GetValues(typeof(SpineVersion)))
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineVersion.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineVersion.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.Immutable;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 支持的 Spine 版本
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum SpineVersion
+    {
+        [Description("<Auto>")] Auto = 0x0000,
+        [Description("2.1.x")] V21 = 0x0201,
+        [Description("3.6.x")] V36 = 0x0306,
+        [Description("3.7.x")] V37 = 0x0307,
+        [Description("3.8.x")] V38 = 0x0308,
+        [Description("4.0.x")] V40 = 0x0400,
+        [Description("4.1.x")] V41 = 0x0401,
+        [Description("4.2.x")] V42 = 0x0402,
+        [Description("4.3.x")] V43 = 0x0403,
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Spine 实现类标记
+    /// </summary>
+    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)]
+    public class SpineImplementationAttribute(SpineVersion version) : Attribute, IImplementationKey<SpineVersion>
+    {
+        public SpineVersion ImplementationKey { get; private set; } = version;
+    }
+
+    public class SpineVersionConverter : EnumConverter
+    {
+        public SpineVersionConverter() : base(typeof(SpineVersion)) { }
+
+        public override object? ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext? context, CultureInfo? culture, object? value, Type? destinationType)
+        {
+            if (destinationType == typeof(string) && value is SpineVersion version)
+                return version.GetName();
+            return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineAnimationProperty.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineAnimationProperty.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineView
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用于在 PropertyGrid 上显示 Spine 动画列表的包装类
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SpineAnimationProperty(SpineObject spine) : ICustomTypeDescriptor
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public SpineObject Spine { get; } = spine;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 全轨道动画最大时长
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("全轨道最大时长")]
+        public float AnimationTracksMaxDuration => Spine.GetTrackIndices().Select(i => Spine.GetAnimationDuration(Spine.GetAnimation(i))).Max();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <see cref="TrackAnimationProperty"/> 属性对象缓存
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly Dictionary<int, TrackAnimationProperty> trackAnimationProperties = [];
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <c>this.Track{i}</c>
+        /// </summary>
+        public TrackAnimationProperty GetTrackAnimation(int i)
+        {
+            if (!trackAnimationProperties.ContainsKey(i))
+                trackAnimationProperties[i] = new TrackAnimationProperty(Spine, i);
+            return trackAnimationProperties[i];
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <c>this.Track{i} = <paramref name="value"/></c>
+        /// </summary>
+        public void SetTrackAnimation(int i, string value)
+        {
+            Spine.SetAnimation(i, value);
+            TypeDescriptor.Refresh(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 在属性面板悬停可以按轨道顺序显示动画名称
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string ToString() => $"[{string.Join(", ", Spine.GetTrackIndices().Select(Spine.GetAnimation))}]";
+
+        public override bool Equals(object? obj)
+        {
+            if (obj is SpineAnimationProperty prop) return ToString() == prop.ToString();
+            return base.Equals(obj);
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(SpineAnimationProperty).FullName.GetHashCode(), ToString().GetHashCode());
+
+        #region ICustomTypeDescriptor 接口实现
+
+        // XXX: 必须实现 ICustomTypeDescriptor 接口, 不能继承 CustomTypeDescriptor, 似乎继承下来的东西会有问题, 导致某些调用不正确
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 属性描述符缓存
+        /// </summary>
+        private static readonly Dictionary<int, TrackWrapperPropertyDescriptor> pdCache = [];
+
+        public AttributeCollection GetAttributes() => TypeDescriptor.GetAttributes(this, true);
+        public string? GetClassName() => TypeDescriptor.GetClassName(this, true);
+        public string? GetComponentName() => TypeDescriptor.GetComponentName(this, true);
+        public TypeConverter? GetConverter() => TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(this, true);
+        public EventDescriptor? GetDefaultEvent() => TypeDescriptor.GetDefaultEvent(this, true);
+        public PropertyDescriptor? GetDefaultProperty() => TypeDescriptor.GetDefaultProperty(this, true);
+        public object? GetEditor(Type editorBaseType) => TypeDescriptor.GetEditor(this, editorBaseType, true);
+        public EventDescriptorCollection GetEvents() => TypeDescriptor.GetEvents(this, true);
+        public EventDescriptorCollection GetEvents(Attribute[]? attributes) => TypeDescriptor.GetEvents(this, attributes, true);
+        public object? GetPropertyOwner(PropertyDescriptor? pd) => this;
+        public PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties() => GetProperties(null);
+        public PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties(Attribute[]? attributes)
+        {
+            var props = new PropertyDescriptorCollection(TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(this, attributes, true).Cast<PropertyDescriptor>().ToArray());
+            foreach (var i in Spine.GetTrackIndices())
+            {
+                if (!pdCache.ContainsKey(i))
+                    pdCache[i] = new TrackWrapperPropertyDescriptor(i, [new DisplayNameAttribute($"轨道 {i}")]);
+                props.Add(pdCache[i]);
+            }
+            return props;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 轨道属性描述符, 实现对属性的读取和赋值
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="i">轨道索引</param>
+        private class TrackWrapperPropertyDescriptor(int i, Attribute[]? attributes) : PropertyDescriptor($"Track{i}", attributes)
+        {
+            private readonly int idx = i;
+
+            public override Type ComponentType => typeof(SpineAnimationProperty);
+            public override bool IsReadOnly => false;
+            public override Type PropertyType => typeof(TrackAnimationProperty);
+            public override bool CanResetValue(object component) => false;
+            public override void ResetValue(object component) { }
+            public override bool ShouldSerializeValue(object component) => false;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// 得到一个轨道包装类, 允许用户查看或者修改具体的属性值, 这个地方决定了在面板上看到的是一个对象及其属性
+            /// </summary>
+            public override object? GetValue(object? component)
+            {
+                if (component is SpineAnimationProperty tracks)
+                    return tracks.GetTrackAnimation(idx);
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// 允许通过字符串赋值修改该轨道的动画, 这里决定了当其他地方的调用 (比如 Converter) 通过 value 来设置属性值的时候应该怎么处理
+            /// </summary>
+            public override void SetValue(object? component, object? value)
+            {
+                if (component is SpineAnimationProperty tracks)
+                {
+                    if (value is string s)
+                        tracks.SetTrackAnimation(idx, s);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 对 <c><see cref="SpineAnimationProperty"/>.Track{i}</c> 属性的包装类
+    /// </summary>
+    [TypeConverter(typeof(TrackAnimationPropertyConverter))]
+    public class TrackAnimationProperty(SpineObject spine, int i)
+    {
+        private readonly SpineObject spine = spine;
+
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public int Index { get; } = i;
+
+        [DisplayName("时长")]
+        public float Duration => spine.GetAnimationDuration(spine.GetAnimation(Index));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 实现了默认的转为字符串的方式
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string ToString() => spine.GetAnimation(Index);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 影响了属性面板的判断, 当动画名称相同的时候认为两个对象是相同的, 这样属性面板可以在多选的时候正确显示相同取值的内容
+        /// </summary>
+        public override bool Equals(object? obj)
+        {
+            if (obj is TrackAnimationProperty) return ToString() == obj.ToString();
+            return base.Equals(obj);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 哈希码需要和 Equals 行为类似
+        /// </summary>
+        public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(TrackAnimationProperty).FullName.GetHashCode(), ToString().GetHashCode());
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 轨道索引包装类转换器, 实现字符串和包装类的互相转换, 并且提供标准值列表对属性进行设置, 同时还提供在面板上显示包装类属性的能力
+    /// </summary>
+    public class TrackAnimationPropertyConverter : ExpandableObjectConverter
+    {
+        // NOTE: 可以不用实现 ConvertTo/ConvertFrom, 因为属性实现了与字符串之间的互转
+        // ToString 实现了 ConvertTo
+        // SetValue 实现了从字符串设置属性
+
+        public override bool GetStandardValuesSupported(ITypeDescriptorContext? context) => true;
+
+        public override bool GetStandardValuesExclusive(ITypeDescriptorContext? context) => true;
+
+        public override StandardValuesCollection? GetStandardValues(ITypeDescriptorContext? context)
+        {
+            if (context?.Instance is SpineAnimationProperty tracks)
+            {
+                return new StandardValuesCollection(tracks.Spine.AnimationNames);
+            }
+            else if (context?.Instance is object[] instances && instances.All(x => x is SpineAnimationProperty))
+            {
+                // XXX: 这里不知道为啥总是会得到 object[] 类型而不是具体的类型
+                var animTracks = instances.Cast<SpineAnimationProperty>().ToArray();
+                if (animTracks.Length > 0)
+                {
+                    IEnumerable<string> common = animTracks[0].Spine.AnimationNames;
+                    foreach (var t in animTracks.Skip(1))
+                        common = common.Union(t.Spine.AnimationNames);
+                    return new StandardValuesCollection(common.ToArray());
+                }
+            }
+            return base.GetStandardValues(context);
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineBaseInfoProperty.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineBaseInfoProperty.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineView
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用于在 PropertyGrid 上显示 Spine 基本信息的包装类
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SpineBaseInfoProperty(SpineObject spine)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public SpineObject Spine { get; } = spine;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取所属版本
+        /// </summary>
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(SpineVersionConverter))]
+        [DisplayName("运行时版本")]
+        public SpineVersion Version => Spine.Version;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 资源所在完整目录
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("资源目录")]
+        public string AssetsDir => Spine.AssetsDir;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// skel 文件完整路径
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("skel文件路径")]
+        public string SkelPath => Spine.SkelPath;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// atlas 文件完整路径
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("atlas文件路径")]
+        public string AtlasPath => Spine.AtlasPath;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 名称
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("名称")]
+        public string Name => Spine.Name;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取所属文件版本
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("文件版本")]
+        public string FileVersion => Spine.FileVersion;
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineDebugProperty.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineDebugProperty.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineView
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用于在 PropertyGrid 上显示 Spine 调试属性的包装类
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SpineDebugProperty(SpineObject spine)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public SpineObject Spine { get; } = spine;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示纹理
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("Texture")]
+        public bool DebugTexture { get => Spine.DebugTexture; set => Spine.DebugTexture = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示包围盒
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("Bounds")]
+        public bool DebugBounds { get => Spine.DebugBounds; set => Spine.DebugBounds = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示骨骼
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("Bones")]
+        public bool DebugBones { get => Spine.DebugBones; set => Spine.DebugBones = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示区域附件边框线
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("Regions")]
+        public bool DebugRegions { get => Spine.DebugRegions; set => Spine.DebugRegions = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示网格附件边框线
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("MeshHulls")]
+        public bool DebugMeshHulls { get => Spine.DebugMeshHulls; set => Spine.DebugMeshHulls = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示网格附件网格线
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("Meshes")]
+        public bool DebugMeshes { get => Spine.DebugMeshes; set => Spine.DebugMeshes = value; }
+
+        ///// <summary>
+        ///// 显示碰撞盒附件边框线
+        ///// </summary>
+        //[DisplayName("BoudingBoxes")]
+        //public bool DebugBoundingBoxes { get => Spine.DebugBoundingBoxes; set => Spine.DebugBoundingBoxes = value; }
+
+        ///// <summary>
+        ///// 显示路径附件网格线
+        ///// </summary>
+        //[DisplayName("Paths")]
+        //public bool DebugPaths { get => Spine.DebugPaths; set => Spine.DebugPaths = value; }
+
+        ///// <summary>
+        ///// 显示点附件
+        ///// </summary>
+        //[DisplayName("Points")]
+        //public bool DebugPoints { get => Spine.DebugPoints; set => Spine.DebugPoints = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示剪裁附件网格线
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("Clippings")]
+        public bool DebugClippings { get => Spine.DebugClippings; set => Spine.DebugClippings = value; }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineObjectProperty.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineObjectProperty.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Drawing.Design;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineView
+{
+    public class SpineObjectProperty(SpineObject spine)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public SpineObject Spine { get; } = spine;
+
+        [DisplayName("基本信息")]
+        public SpineBaseInfoProperty BaseInfo { get; } = new(spine);
+
+        [DisplayName("渲染")]
+        public SpineRenderProperty Render { get; } = new(spine);
+
+        [DisplayName("变换")]
+        public SpineTransformProperty Transform { get; } = new(spine);
+
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(ExpandableObjectConverter))]
+        [DisplayName("皮肤")]
+        public SpineSkinProperty Skin { get; } = new(spine);
+
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(ExpandableObjectConverter))]
+        [DisplayName("动画")]
+        public SpineAnimationProperty Animation { get; } = new(spine);
+
+        [DisplayName("调试")]
+        public SpineDebugProperty Debug { get; } = new(spine);
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineRenderProperty.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineRenderProperty.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineView
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用于在 PropertyGrid 上显示 Spine 渲染设置的包装类
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SpineRenderProperty(SpineObject spine)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public SpineObject Spine { get; } = spine;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否被隐藏, 被隐藏的模型将仅仅在列表显示, 不参与其他行为
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("是否隐藏")]
+        public bool IsHidden { get => Spine.IsHidden; set => Spine.IsHidden = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否使用预乘Alpha
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("预乘Alpha通道")]
+        public bool UsePremultipliedAlpha { get => Spine.UsePma; set => Spine.UsePma = value; }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineSkinProperty.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineSkinProperty.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineView
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 皮肤列表动态类型包装类, 用于提供对 Spine 皮肤列表的管理能力
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="spine">关联的 Spine 对象</param>
+    public class SpineSkinProperty(SpineObject spine) : ICustomTypeDescriptor
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public SpineObject Spine { get; } = spine;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <see cref="SpineSkinProperty"/> 属性缓存
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly Dictionary<int, SkinNameProperty> skinNameProperties = [];
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <c>this.Skin{i}</c>
+        /// </summary>
+        public SkinNameProperty GetSkinName(int i)
+        {
+            if (!skinNameProperties.ContainsKey(i))
+                skinNameProperties[i] = new SkinNameProperty(Spine, i);
+            return skinNameProperties[i];
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <c>this.Skin{i} = <paramref name="value"/></c>
+        /// </summary>
+        public void SetSkinName(int i, string value)
+        {
+            Spine.ReplaceSkin(i, value);
+            TypeDescriptor.Refresh(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>  
+        /// 在属性面板悬停可以显示已加载的皮肤列表  
+        /// </summary>  
+        public override string ToString() => $"[{string.Join(", ", Spine.GetLoadedSkins())}]";
+
+        public override bool Equals(object? obj)
+        {
+            if (obj is SpineSkinProperty prop) return ToString() == prop.ToString();
+            return base.Equals(obj);
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(SpineSkinProperty).FullName.GetHashCode(), ToString().GetHashCode());
+
+        #region ICustomTypeDescriptor 接口实现
+
+        // XXX: 必须实现 ICustomTypeDescriptor 接口, 不能继承 CustomTypeDescriptor, 似乎继承下来的东西会有问题, 导致某些调用不正确
+
+        private static readonly Dictionary<int, SkinNamePropertyDescriptor> pdCache = [];
+
+        public AttributeCollection GetAttributes() => TypeDescriptor.GetAttributes(this, true);
+        public string? GetClassName() => TypeDescriptor.GetClassName(this, true);
+        public string? GetComponentName() => TypeDescriptor.GetComponentName(this, true);
+        public TypeConverter? GetConverter() => TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(this, true);
+        public EventDescriptor? GetDefaultEvent() => TypeDescriptor.GetDefaultEvent(this, true);
+        public PropertyDescriptor? GetDefaultProperty() => TypeDescriptor.GetDefaultProperty(this, true);
+        public object? GetEditor(Type editorBaseType) => TypeDescriptor.GetEditor(this, editorBaseType, true);
+        public EventDescriptorCollection GetEvents() => TypeDescriptor.GetEvents(this, true);
+        public EventDescriptorCollection GetEvents(Attribute[]? attributes) => TypeDescriptor.GetEvents(this, attributes, true);
+        public object? GetPropertyOwner(PropertyDescriptor? pd) => this;
+        public PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties() => GetProperties(null);
+        public PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties(Attribute[]? attributes)
+        {
+            var props = new PropertyDescriptorCollection(TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(this, attributes, true).Cast<PropertyDescriptor>().ToArray());
+            for (var i = 0; i < Spine.GetLoadedSkins().Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (!pdCache.ContainsKey(i))
+                    pdCache[i] = new SkinNamePropertyDescriptor(i, [new DisplayNameAttribute($"皮肤 {i}")]);
+                props.Add(pdCache[i]);
+            }
+            return props;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 皮肤属性描述符, 实现对属性的读取和赋值
+        /// </summary>
+        private class SkinNamePropertyDescriptor(int i, Attribute[]? attributes) : PropertyDescriptor($"Skin{i}", attributes)
+        {
+            private readonly int idx = i;
+
+            public override Type ComponentType => typeof(SpineSkinProperty);
+            public override bool IsReadOnly => false;
+            public override Type PropertyType => typeof(SkinNameProperty);
+            public override bool CanResetValue(object component) => false;
+            public override void ResetValue(object component) { }
+            public override bool ShouldSerializeValue(object component) => false;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// 得到一个 <see cref="SpineSkinProperty"/>, 允许用户查看或者修改具体的属性值, 这个地方决定了在面板上看到的是一个对象及其属性
+            /// </summary>
+            public override object? GetValue(object? component)
+            {
+                if (component is SpineSkinProperty prop)
+                    return prop.GetSkinName(idx);
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// 允许通过字符串赋值修改该位置的皮肤
+            /// </summary>
+            public override void SetValue(object? component, object? value)
+            {
+                if (component is SpineSkinProperty prop)
+                {
+                    if (value is string s)
+                        prop.SetSkinName(idx, s);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 对 <c><see cref="SpineSkinProperty"/>.Skin{i}</c> 属性的包装类
+    /// </summary>
+    [TypeConverter(typeof(SkinNamePropertyConverter))]
+    public class SkinNameProperty(SpineObject spine, int i)
+    {
+        private readonly SpineObject spine = spine;
+
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public int Index { get; } = i;
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            var loadedSkins = spine.GetLoadedSkins();
+            if (Index >= 0 && Index < loadedSkins.Length)
+                return loadedSkins[Index];
+            return "!NULL"; // XXX: 预期应该不会发生
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(object? obj)
+        {
+            if (obj is SkinNameProperty) return ToString() == obj.ToString();
+            return base.Equals(obj);
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(SkinNameProperty).FullName.GetHashCode(), ToString().GetHashCode());
+    }
+
+    public class SkinNamePropertyConverter : StringConverter
+    {
+        // NOTE: 可以不用实现 ConvertTo/ConvertFrom, 因为属性实现了与字符串之间的互转
+        // ToString 实现了 ConvertTo
+        // SetValue 实现了从字符串设置属性
+
+        public override bool GetStandardValuesSupported(ITypeDescriptorContext? context) => true;
+
+        public override bool GetStandardValuesExclusive(ITypeDescriptorContext? context) => true;
+
+        public override StandardValuesCollection? GetStandardValues(ITypeDescriptorContext? context)
+        {
+            if (context?.Instance is SpineSkinProperty manager)
+            {
+                return new StandardValuesCollection(manager.Spine.SkinNames);
+            }
+            else if (context?.Instance is object[] instances && instances.All(x => x is SpineSkinProperty))
+            {
+                // XXX: 这里不知道为啥总是会得到 object[] 类型而不是具体的 SpineSkinWrapper[] 类型
+                var managers = instances.Cast<SpineSkinProperty>().ToArray();
+                if (managers.Length > 0)
+                {
+                    IEnumerable<string> common = managers[0].Spine.SkinNames;
+                    foreach (var t in managers.Skip(1))
+                        common = common.Union(t.Spine.SkinNames);
+                    return new StandardValuesCollection(common.ToArray());
+                }
+            }
+            return base.GetStandardValues(context);
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineTransformProperty.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/SpineView/SpineTransformProperty.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using SpineViewer.Spine;
+using SpineViewer.Utils;
+
+namespace SpineViewer.Spine.SpineView
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用于在 PropertyGrid 上显示 Spine 空间变换的包装类
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SpineTransformProperty(SpineObject spine)
+    {
+        [Browsable(false)]
+        public SpineObject Spine { get; } = spine;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 缩放比例
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("缩放比例")]
+        public float Scale { get => Spine.Scale; set => Spine.Scale = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 位置
+        /// </summary>
+        [TypeConverter(typeof(PointFConverter))]
+        [DisplayName("位置")]
+        public PointF Position { get => Spine.Position; set => Spine.Position = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 水平翻转
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("水平翻转")]
+        public bool FlipX { get => Spine.FlipX; set => Spine.FlipX = value; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 垂直翻转
+        /// </summary>
+        [DisplayName("垂直翻转")]
+        public bool FlipY { get => Spine.FlipY; set => Spine.FlipY = value; }
+    }
+}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/TypeConverter.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/TypeConverter.cs
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
-using System.Globalization;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine
-{
-    public class SpineVersionConverter : EnumConverter
-    {
-        public SpineVersionConverter() : base(typeof(SpineVersion)) { }
-
-        public override object? ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext? context, CultureInfo? culture, object? value, Type? destinationType)
-        {
-            if (destinationType == typeof(string) && value is SpineVersion version)
-                return version.GetName();
-            return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public class AnimationConverter : StringConverter
-    {
-        public override bool GetStandardValuesSupported(ITypeDescriptorContext? context) => true;
-
-        public override bool GetStandardValuesExclusive(ITypeDescriptorContext? context) => true;
-
-        public override StandardValuesCollection? GetStandardValues(ITypeDescriptorContext? context)
-        {
-            if (context?.Instance is Spine obj)
-            {
-                return new StandardValuesCollection(obj.AnimationNames);
-            }
-            else if (context?.Instance is Spine[] spines)
-            {
-                if (spines.Length > 0)
-                {
-                    IEnumerable<string> common = spines[0].AnimationNames;
-                    foreach (var spine in spines.Skip(1))
-                        common = common.Intersect(spine.AnimationNames);
-                    return new StandardValuesCollection(common.ToArray());
-                }
-            }
-            return base.GetStandardValues(context);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public class SkinConverter : StringConverter
-    {
-        public override bool GetStandardValuesSupported(ITypeDescriptorContext? context) => true;
-
-        public override bool GetStandardValuesExclusive(ITypeDescriptorContext? context) => true;
-
-        public override StandardValuesCollection? GetStandardValues(ITypeDescriptorContext? context)
-        {
-            if (context?.Instance is Spine obj)
-            {
-                return new StandardValuesCollection(obj.SkinNames);
-            }
-            else if (context?.Instance is Spine[] spines)
-            {
-                if (spines.Length > 0)
-                {
-                    IEnumerable<string> common = spines[0].SkinNames;
-                    foreach (var spine in spines.Skip(1))
-                        common = common.Intersect(spine.SkinNames);
-                    return new StandardValuesCollection(common.ToArray());
-                }
-            }
-            return base.GetStandardValues(context);
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Spine/UITypeEditor.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Spine/UITypeEditor.cs
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Drawing.Design;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using System.Windows.Forms.Design;
-
-namespace SpineViewer.Spine
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// skel 文件路径编辑器
-    /// </summary>
-    public class SkelFileNameEditor : FileNameEditor
-    {
-        protected override void InitializeDialog(OpenFileDialog openFileDialog)
-        {
-            base.InitializeDialog(openFileDialog);
-            openFileDialog.Title = "选择 skel 文件";
-            openFileDialog.AddExtension = false;
-            openFileDialog.Filter = "skel 文件 (*.skel; *.json)|*.skel;*.json|二进制文件 (*.skel)|*.skel|文本文件 (*.json)|*.json|所有文件 (*.*)|*.*";
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// atlas 文件路径编辑器
-    /// </summary>
-    public class AtlasFileNameEditor : FileNameEditor
-    {
-        protected override void InitializeDialog(OpenFileDialog openFileDialog)
-        {
-            base.InitializeDialog(openFileDialog);
-            openFileDialog.Title = "选择 atlas 文件";
-            openFileDialog.AddExtension = false;
-            openFileDialog.Filter = "atlas 文件 (*.atlas)|*.atlas|所有文件 (*.*)|*.*";
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/SpineViewer.csproj
+++ b/SpineViewer/SpineViewer.csproj
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
        <TargetFramework>net8.0-windows</TargetFramework>
        <BaseOutputPath>$(SolutionDir)out</BaseOutputPath>
        <IncludeSourceRevisionInInformationalVersion>false</IncludeSourceRevisionInInformationalVersion>
-        <Version>0.11.5</Version>
+        <Version>0.12.4</Version>
        <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
        <UseWindowsForms>true</UseWindowsForms>
        <ApplicationIcon>appicon.ico</ApplicationIcon>
--- a/SpineViewer/UITypeEditor.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/UITypeEditor.cs
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Drawing.Design;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using System.Windows.Forms.Design;
-
-namespace SpineViewer
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 使用 FolderBrowserDialog 的文件夹路径编辑器
-    /// </summary>
-    public class FolderNameEditor : UITypeEditor
-    {
-        public override UITypeEditorEditStyle GetEditStyle(ITypeDescriptorContext? context)
-        {
-            // 指定编辑风格为 Modal 对话框, 提供右边用来点击的按钮
-            return UITypeEditorEditStyle.Modal;
-        }
-
-        public override object? EditValue(ITypeDescriptorContext? context, IServiceProvider provider, object? value)
-        {
-            // 重写 EditValue 方法，提供自定义的文件夹选择对话框逻辑
-            using var dialog = new FolderBrowserDialog();
-
-            // 如果当前值为有效路径，则设置为初始选中路径
-            if (value is string currentPath && Directory.Exists(currentPath))
-                dialog.SelectedPath = currentPath;
-
-            if (dialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
-                value = dialog.SelectedPath;
-
-            return value;
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/SpineViewer/Utils/ImplementationResolver.cs
+++ b/SpineViewer/Utils/ImplementationResolver.cs
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-using SpineViewer.Exporter;
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

-namespace SpineViewer
+namespace SpineViewer.Utils
 {
    public interface IImplementationKey<TKey>
    {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
ww-rm	775268c01a	修复包围盒并集错误	2025-04-17 20:29:20 +08:00
ww-rm	b0b1c85047	更新注释和文本描述	2025-04-17 20:10:59 +08:00
ww-rm	5f08fc6695	更新至v0.12.4	2025-04-17 20:06:52 +08:00
ww-rm	2de3bdf12b	同步重命名	2025-04-17 20:06:38 +08:00
ww-rm	3a424c7dc1	update readme	2025-04-17 20:04:06 +08:00
ww-rm	c3e2b37072	update changelog	2025-04-17 20:03:46 +08:00
ww-rm	65bd11a346	增加自动分辨率	2025-04-17 20:00:15 +08:00
ww-rm	e6e7fc539f	修复Union错误	2025-04-17 19:58:14 +08:00
ww-rm	6522d415b7	增加AllowContentOverflow参数	2025-04-17 16:31:29 +08:00
ww-rm	378c66a333	small change	2025-04-17 16:30:45 +08:00
ww-rm	07204417a5	增加SetViewport	2025-04-17 16:30:27 +08:00
ww-rm	c9c909cdf9	增加padding和margin参数	2025-04-17 00:09:04 +08:00
ww-rm	a9f59a4d2f	增加对话框高度	2025-04-16 22:35:35 +08:00
ww-rm	1d2513cef5	增加padding和margin参数	2025-04-16 22:28:35 +08:00
ww-rm	febb797ae2	增加GetResolutionBounds方法	2025-04-16 21:37:09 +08:00
ww-rm	68d279a7c3	修改缩放公式	2025-04-16 21:25:26 +08:00
ww-rm	d2d8b7955c	增加GetBounds获取最大包围盒方法	2025-04-15 20:20:18 +08:00
ww-rm	2a55fd9c36	补充3.7及以下版本的多皮肤功能	2025-04-15 20:19:32 +08:00
ww-rm	695d3c0735	增加Attachments公开属性	2025-04-15 20:16:10 +08:00
ww-rm	ce95db469b	增加GetBounds	2025-04-15 20:15:50 +08:00
ww-rm	5d187cf80f	修复Path读取错误	2025-04-15 17:47:37 +08:00
ww-rm	e704ebc224	修正eventTimelines和原逻辑不一致的地方	2025-04-15 15:49:38 +08:00
ww-rm	ee36f8981c	修改GetBounds为GetCurrentBounds	2025-04-15 14:58:25 +08:00
ww-rm	09dd220abf	更改Bounds属性为GetBounds方法	2025-04-15 11:23:11 +08:00
ww-rm	15bc2dc3b8	完善文件转换功能	2025-04-14 23:52:39 +08:00
ww-rm	1deb74eca9	修正某些可能的字符大小写问题	2025-04-14 23:52:05 +08:00
ww-rm	de76ce64ab	增加输出文件夹选项	2025-04-14 23:50:46 +08:00
ww-rm	94b4ba33e6	修正curve读写	2025-04-14 21:48:23 +08:00
ww-rm	7ce8a115f4	修复流写入错误	2025-04-14 20:19:06 +08:00
ww-rm	c036a4bb45	增加v38二进制文件输出	2025-04-14 17:51:16 +08:00
ww-rm	aa62f30b05	增加报错输出	2025-04-14 17:11:56 +08:00
ww-rm	3d967c9812	修改默认打开骨骼文件后缀筛选器	2025-04-13 13:50:31 +08:00
ww-rm	e87e9efb99	补充点附件TODO	2025-04-13 00:37:29 +08:00
ww-rm	8c1f6fb4a6	update preview	2025-04-13 00:25:16 +08:00
ww-rm	df82ed8a00	更新至v0.12.3	2025-04-13 00:22:36 +08:00
ww-rm	d01e3920ba	update changelog	2025-04-13 00:22:02 +08:00
ww-rm	777cd5ea3f	增加部分调试渲染功能	2025-04-13 00:19:02 +08:00
ww-rm	3b73aea5c0	增加调试骨骼	2025-04-12 20:58:56 +08:00
ww-rm	168f7a8173	修复maxFps时快进帧除0错误	2025-04-12 20:57:11 +08:00
ww-rm	04437e2de2	修改文本描述	2025-04-12 13:28:12 +08:00
ww-rm	2ec83b2e87	增加ctrl滚轮对模型缩放	2025-04-12 12:58:21 +08:00
ww-rm	90bfaa7b56	整理结构	2025-04-12 11:35:36 +08:00
ww-rm	2ae175abd0	small change	2025-04-11 13:55:19 +08:00
ww-rm	e2a84d8f88	small change	2025-04-11 00:58:25 +08:00
ww-rm	b6f9cd0c7c	small change	2025-04-11 00:07:09 +08:00
ww-rm	61b7b90722	修改缩放模式	2025-04-10 10:27:09 +08:00
ww-rm	093c159753	修改布局	2025-04-10 10:21:31 +08:00
ww-rm	32d36c0757	补充遗漏参数项	2025-04-09 15:56:51 +08:00
ww-rm	94dabebf2b	修正文字说明	2025-04-09 15:34:03 +08:00
ww-rm	8e875d4f7e	update changelog	2025-04-09 15:25:15 +08:00
ww-rm	86c383f2cf	默认使用libwebp_anim编码器	2025-04-09 15:24:48 +08:00
ww-rm	b404d8e79a	增加最后一帧参数	2025-04-09 15:24:31 +08:00
ww-rm	d32b480ef2	更新readme	2025-04-09 14:00:26 +08:00
ww-rm	3654825f27	补充文字说明	2025-04-09 13:52:59 +08:00
ww-rm	d7231e8a09	更新至版本v0.12.2	2025-04-09 13:43:21 +08:00
ww-rm	98161aaf2e	update changelog	2025-04-09 13:40:34 +08:00
ww-rm	7a942b16bc	调整动图默认帧率	2025-04-09 13:40:11 +08:00
ww-rm	067719c69b	补充面板属性刷新	2025-04-09 13:36:34 +08:00
ww-rm	f3fce53b91	增加导出参数缓存	2025-04-09 13:19:25 +08:00
ww-rm	e35903f436	增加webp和avif动图格式	2025-04-09 13:19:17 +08:00
ww-rm	64cfe5fdd7	限定readonly	2025-04-09 01:09:57 +08:00
ww-rm	dbe586cff8	调整结构	2025-04-09 01:07:17 +08:00
ww-rm	3104733db0	补充调试参数	2025-04-08 15:00:42 +08:00
ww-rm	9d4bdd1028	标题栏增加版本号	2025-04-08 13:51:10 +08:00
ww-rm	f8030b1645	整合参数标签页	2025-04-08 13:44:30 +08:00
ww-rm	0a999ceb41	增加 SpinePropertyGrid	2025-04-08 13:21:29 +08:00
ww-rm	64bd9907cb	重构	2025-04-07 15:06:23 +08:00
ww-rm	580eaf990d	测试代码	2025-04-05 11:57:44 +08:00
ww-rm	5ab232a961	更新至v0.12.1	2025-04-05 11:56:53 +08:00
ww-rm	e596cd7ea4	update changelog	2025-04-05 11:56:13 +08:00
ww-rm	05c47a4daa	增加初始动画皮肤空位	2025-04-05 11:52:34 +08:00
ww-rm	5a8783b5f4	增加确定按钮	2025-04-05 11:18:54 +08:00
ww-rm	08bc171a72	修复分辨率调整时父容器尺寸获取错误bug	2025-04-05 10:38:17 +08:00
ww-rm	7372f5fe08	optimize	2025-04-05 10:31:30 +08:00
ww-rm	6f032bdd05	optimize	2025-04-05 10:10:04 +08:00
ww-rm	153d3603d2	optimize	2025-04-05 09:40:02 +08:00
ww-rm	95261e6907	optimize	2025-04-05 01:53:39 +08:00
ww-rm	17b344376d	update readme	2025-04-05 01:39:59 +08:00
ww-rm	0ed4e44878	更新至v0.12.0	2025-04-05 01:22:14 +08:00
ww-rm	b42c1832f0	update changelog	2025-04-05 01:16:00 +08:00
ww-rm	058534ba67	修复部分资源泄漏	2025-04-05 01:14:59 +08:00
ww-rm	204dcd6498	增加3.8及以上版本多皮肤支持	2025-04-05 00:57:04 +08:00
ww-rm	2c846c0db9	补充update0	2025-04-04 20:10:29 +08:00
ww-rm	2faeb044e0	增加 readonly 限定	2025-04-04 17:36:52 +08:00
ww-rm	09c8e4f779	修复导出过程中的PMA问题	2025-04-04 17:21:30 +08:00
ww-rm	6994fa6be8	修复shader问题	2025-04-04 11:26:23 +08:00
ww-rm	cc7beb7670	增加SFMLExtension	2025-04-03 20:14:13 +08:00
ww-rm	510653732d	移除冗余引用	2025-04-03 19:46:01 +08:00
ww-rm	93e8178d67	增加部分实验性样例代码	2025-04-03 19:39:13 +08:00
ww-rm	cebc4864cc	封装原生操作	2025-04-03 18:22:55 +08:00
ww-rm	6ad0449376	修复内存泄漏	2025-04-03 18:19:12 +08:00
ww-rm	c33c977326	update changelog	2025-04-03 15:02:18 +08:00
ww-rm	f0299d365a	补充update0	2025-04-03 09:55:51 +08:00
ww-rm	6ecdca73f5	不提供时长时按所有轨道动画时长最大值导出	2025-04-03 00:30:55 +08:00
ww-rm	af6a709b2c	完善动画时间重置功能	2025-04-03 00:30:33 +08:00
ww-rm	d5c27450ef	修改pma默认值为false	2025-04-03 00:15:44 +08:00
ww-rm	d10269fb07	small change	2025-04-03 00:13:36 +08:00
ww-rm	53d987476e	增加多轨道动画编辑	2025-04-02 23:59:18 +08:00
ww-rm	8b7866d37f	增加多轨方法	2025-04-02 11:43:25 +08:00
ww-rm	bb529729b6	增加Tracks公开属性	2025-04-02 11:41:23 +08:00
ww-rm	b7735d9ba8	改成并集动画皮肤列表	2025-04-01 21:07:52 +08:00
ww-rm	ce744e2b84	update badges	2025-03-31 22:56:50 +08:00
ww-rm	631c92da3f	update readme	2025-03-31 22:18:06 +08:00
ww-rm	b7063804e9	add badges	2025-03-31 22:04:31 +08:00
ww-rm	75d47c8419	修改提示文本	2025-03-31 20:55:37 +08:00
ww-rm	114fb05e80	调整布局	2025-03-31 19:28:32 +08:00