chizui/Il2CppInspectorRedux
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

IL2CPP: Reconstruct scrambled non-pointer field offsets

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
Katy Coe
2020-12-07 16:41:06 +01:00
parent aef7245cd2
commit 61fdf6b59e
1 changed files with 239 additions and 63 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

280
Il2CppInspector.Common/IL2CPP/ReconstructMetadata.cs
View File

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
namespace Il2CppInspector
{
@@ -18,10 +17,12 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
partial class Il2CppBinary
{
// Loads all the pointers and counts for the specified IL2CPP metadata type regardless of version or word size into two arrays
// Sorts the pointers and calculates the maximum number of words between each, constrained by the highest count in the IL2CPP metadata type
// and by the end of the nearest section in the image.
// Returns an array of the pointers in sorted order and an array of maximum word counts with corresponding indexes
private (List<ulong> ptrs, List<int> counts, List<int> originalCounts) preparePointerList(Type type, ulong typePtr, IEnumerable<Section> sections) {
// Sorts the pointers and calculates the maximum number of bytes between each,
// optinally constrained by the highest count in the IL2CPP metadata type and by the end of the nearest section in the image.
// Returns an array of the pointers in sorted order and an array of maximum byte/word counts with corresponding indexes
private (List<ulong> ptrs, List<int> limits, List<int> originalCounts)
preparePointerList(Type type, ulong typePtr, IEnumerable<Section> sections, bool itemsAreWords = false) {
// Get number of pointer/count pairs in each structure
var itemsCount = Metadata.Sizeof(type, Image.Version, Image.Bits / 8) / (Image.Bits / 8) / 2;
@@ -30,40 +31,72 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
var itemPtrs = Enumerable.Range(0, itemArray.Length / 2).Select(i => itemArray[i*2 + 1]).ToList();
var itemCounts = Enumerable.Range(0, itemArray.Length / 2).Select(i => (int) itemArray[i*2]).ToList();
// Get maximum count between each pair of pointers
// Get maximum number of bytes/count between each pair of pointers
// None of the maximums should be higher than the maximum count specified in the struct
// Rule out zero pointers for no longer used fields (eg. customAttributeGenerators >=27)
var itemMaxCount = itemCounts.Max();
var itemMaxBytes = itemsAreWords? itemCounts.Max() * (Image.Bits / 8) : int.MaxValue;
var itemPtrsOrdered = itemPtrs.Where(p => p != 0).OrderBy(p => p).ToList();
var itemCountLimits = itemPtrsOrdered
.Zip(itemPtrsOrdered.Skip(1), (a, b) => Math.Min((int) (b - a) / (Image.Bits / 8), itemMaxCount))
.Append(itemMaxCount)
.Zip(itemPtrsOrdered.Skip(1), (a, b) => Math.Min((int) (b - a), itemMaxBytes))
.Append(itemMaxBytes)
.ToList();
// Prevent a pointer list from overrunning the end of a section
for (var i = 0; i < itemPtrsOrdered.Count; i++) {
var section = sections.FirstOrDefault(s => s.VirtualStart <= itemPtrsOrdered[i] && s.VirtualEnd >= itemPtrsOrdered[i]);
if (section != null) {
var maxSize = (int) (section.VirtualEnd + 1 - itemPtrsOrdered[i]) / (Image.Bits / 8);
var maxSize = (int) (section.VirtualEnd + 1 - itemPtrsOrdered[i]);
itemCountLimits[i] = Math.Min(itemCountLimits[i], maxSize);
}
}
// Convert byte sizes to words if applicable
if (itemsAreWords)
itemCountLimits = itemCountLimits.Select(i => i / (Image.Bits / 8)).ToList();
return (itemPtrsOrdered, itemCountLimits, itemCounts);
}
// Reconstruct Il2CppCodeRegistration and Il2CppMetadataRegistration into their original, unobfuscated field order
// Supports metadata >=19, <27
private void ReconstructMetadata(Metadata metadata) {
// If the section table is not available, give up and do nothing
if (!Image.TryGetSections(out var sections))
return;
// Get relevant image sections
var codeSections = sections.Where(s => s.IsExec);
var dataSections = sections.Where(s => s.IsData);
var codeSections = sections.Where(s => s.IsExec).ToList();
var dataSections = sections.Where(s => s.IsData && !s.IsBSS).ToList();
var bssSections = sections.Where(s => s.IsBSS).ToList();
// For PE files, data sections in memory can be larger than in the image
// The unmapped portion is BSS data so create fake sections for this and shrink the existing ones
foreach (var section in dataSections) {
var virtualSize = section.VirtualEnd - section.VirtualStart;
var imageSize = section.ImageEnd - section.ImageStart;
if (imageSize < virtualSize) {
var bssEnd = section.VirtualEnd;
section.VirtualEnd = section.VirtualStart + imageSize;
bssSections.Add(new Section {
VirtualStart = section.VirtualStart + imageSize + 1,
VirtualEnd = bssEnd,
ImageStart = 0,
ImageEnd = 0,
IsExec = false,
IsData = false,
IsBSS = true,
Name = ".bss"
});
}
}
// Fetch and sanitize our pointer and count lists
var (codePtrsOrdered, codeCountLimits, codeCounts) = preparePointerList(typeof(Il2CppCodeRegistration), CodeRegistrationPointer, dataSections);
var (codePtrsOrdered, codeCountLimits, codeCounts) = preparePointerList(typeof(Il2CppCodeRegistration), CodeRegistrationPointer, dataSections, true);
var (metaPtrsOrdered, metaCountLimits, metaCounts) = preparePointerList(typeof(Il2CppMetadataRegistration), MetadataRegistrationPointer, dataSections);
// Progress updater
@@ -72,10 +105,10 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
void UpdateProgress(int workDone) {
currentProgress += workDone;
StatusUpdate($"Reconstructing obfuscated core metadata ({currentProgress * 100 / maxProgress:F0}%)");
StatusUpdate($"Reconstructing obfuscated registration metadata ({currentProgress * 100 / maxProgress:F0}%)");
}
Console.WriteLine("Reconstructing obfuscated core metadata (this may take a while)...");
Console.WriteLine("Reconstructing obfuscated registration metadata...");
UpdateProgress(0);
// Some heuristic constants
@@ -119,6 +152,28 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
// The minimum number of Il2CppGenericMethodFunctionsDefinitions we expect
const int MIN_GENERIC_METHOD_TABLE = 0x600;
// The minimum spread of values in an instance of Il2CppGenericMethodFunctionsDefinitions under which the threshold counter is incremented
const int MIN_GENERIC_METHOD_TABLE_SPREAD = 100;
// The maximum number of instances in a row with a spread under the minimum we expect to find in a single sequence
const int MAX_SEQUENTIAL_GENERIC_METHOD_TABLE_LOW_SPREAD_INSTANCES = 100;
// The minimum number of field offsets we expect
const int MIN_FIELD_OFFSETS = 0x400;
// The maximum value for a field offset
const int MAX_FIELD_OFFSET = 0x100000;
// The minimum and maximum proportions of inversions we expect in a non-pointer field offset list
// Example values: 0.385, 0.415, 0.468
const double MIN_FIELD_OFFSET_INVERSION = 0.3;
const double MAX_FIELD_OFFSET_INVERSION = 0.6;
// The minimum and maximum proportions of zeroes we expect in a non-pointer field offset list
// Example values: 0.303, 0.321, 0.385
const double MIN_FIELD_OFFSET_ZEROES = 0.2;
const double MAX_FIELD_OFFSET_ZEROES = 0.5;
// Things we need from Il2CppCodeRegistration
// methodPointers (<=24.1) -> list of function pointers (1st count) (non-sequential)
@@ -151,6 +206,7 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
continue;
// Sequential valid pointers (a subset of non-sequential valid pointers)
if (foundCount > 0) {
foundCount = ptrs.Take(foundCount)
.Zip(ptrs.Take(foundCount).Skip(1), (a, b) => (a, b))
.TakeWhile(t => ((long) t.b - (long) t.a >= 0 || t.b == 0)
@@ -162,6 +218,7 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
// Prune count of trailing zero pointers
while (foundCount > 0 && ptrs[foundCount - 1] == 0ul)
foundCount--;
}
seqFnPtrs.Add(codePtrsOrdered[i], foundCount);
@@ -264,7 +321,7 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
// genericMethodTable -> list of Il2CppGenericMethodFunctionsDefinitions (genericMethodIndex, methodIndex, invokerIndex)
// types -> list of Il2CppType*
// methodSpecs -> list of Il2CppMethodSpec
// methodReferences (<=16) -> list of uint
// methodReferences (<=16) -> list of uint (ignored, we don't support <=16 here)
// fieldOffsets (fieldOffsetsArePointers) -> either a list of data pointers (some zero, some VAs not mappable) to list of uints, or a list of uints
// metadataUsages (>=19, <27) -> list of unmappable data pointers
@@ -273,29 +330,29 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
return;
// Read in all the required data once since we'll be using nested loops
var metaPtrData = new List<(ulong, int, ulong[], ulong[], int, int, int)>();
var metaPtrData = new List<(ulong, int, ulong[], int)>();
for (var i = 0; i < metaPtrsOrdered.Count; i++) {
// Pointers in this list
var ptrs = Image.ReadMappedArray<ulong>(metaPtrsOrdered[i], metaCountLimits[i]);
// foundCount and foundMappableCount will generally be the same below
// except in PE files where data and bss can overlap in our interpretation of the sections
var ptrs = Image.ReadMappedArray<ulong>(metaPtrsOrdered[i], metaCountLimits[i] / (Image.Bits / 8));
// First set of pointers that point to a data section virtual address
var foundCount = ptrs.TakeWhile(p => dataSections.Any(s => p >= s.VirtualStart && p <= s.VirtualEnd)).Count();
var foundDataPtrsCount = ptrs.TakeWhile(p => dataSections.Any(s => p >= s.VirtualStart && p <= s.VirtualEnd)).Count();
// First set of pointers that can be mapped anywhere into the image
var foundMappableCount = ptrs.TakeWhile(p => Image.TryMapVATR(p, out _)).Count();
var foundImageMappablePtrsCount = ptrs.TakeWhile(p => Image.TryMapVATR(p, out _)).Count();
#if DEBUG
// First set of pointers that can be mapped into a data section in the image
var ptrsMappableData = ptrs.Take(foundMappableCount)
var mappableDataPtrs = ptrs.Take(foundImageMappablePtrsCount)
.TakeWhile(p => dataSections.Any(s => Image.MapVATR(p) >= s.ImageStart && Image.MapVATR(p) <= s.ImageEnd))
.ToArray();
var foundMappableDataCount = ptrsMappableData.Length;
var foundNonBSSDataPtrsCount = mappableDataPtrs.Length;
metaPtrData.Add((metaPtrsOrdered[i], metaCountLimits[i], ptrs, ptrsMappableData, foundCount, foundMappableCount, foundMappableDataCount));
if (foundDataPtrsCount != foundNonBSSDataPtrsCount)
throw new Exception($"Pointer count mismatch: {foundDataPtrsCount:x8} / {foundNonBSSDataPtrsCount:x8}");
#endif
metaPtrData.Add((metaPtrsOrdered[i], metaCountLimits[i], ptrs, foundDataPtrsCount));
}
// Items we need to search for
@@ -303,11 +360,24 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
var genericInsts = (ptr: 0ul, count: -1);
var methodSpecs = (ptr: 0ul, count: -1);
var genericMethodTable = (ptr: 0ul, count: -1);
var metadataUsages = (ptr: 0ul, count: -1);
var fieldOffsets = (ptr: 0ul, count: -1);
var NOT_FOUND = (ptr: 0xfffffffful, count: -1);
// Intermediary items
var typesPtrs = new List<ulong>();
Il2CppMethodSpec[] methodSpec = null;
// IL2CPP doesn't calculate metadataUsagesCount correctly so we do it here
// Adapted from Il2CppInspector.buildMetadataUsages()
var usages = new HashSet<uint>();
// Only on supported metadata versions (>=19, <27)
if (metadata.MetadataUsageLists != null)
foreach (var metadataUsageList in metadata.MetadataUsageLists)
for (var i = 0; i < metadataUsageList.count; i++)
usages.Add(metadata.MetadataUsagePairs[metadataUsageList.start + i].destinationindex);
// Determine what each pointer is
// We need to do this in a certain order because validating some items relies on earlier items
@@ -319,19 +389,18 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
// We loop repeatedly through every set of data looking for our next target item,
// remove the matching set from the list and then repeat the outer while loop
// until there is nothing left to find
foreach (var (ptr, limit, ptrs, ptrsMappableData, foundCount, foundMappableCount, foundMappableDataCount) in metaPtrData) {
foreach (var (ptr, limit, ptrs, dataPtrsCount) in metaPtrData) {
foundData = (ptr, 0);
// Test for Il2CppType**
// ---------------------
if (types.ptr == 0) {
if (types.count == -1) {
// We don't ever expect there to be less than MIN_TYPES types
if (foundMappableDataCount >= MIN_TYPES) {
if (dataPtrsCount >= MIN_TYPES) {
// This statement is quite slow. We could speed it up with a two-stage approach
var testItems = Image.ReadMappedObjectPointerArray<Il2CppType>(ptr, foundMappableDataCount);
var testItems = Image.ReadMappedObjectPointerArray<Il2CppType>(ptr, dataPtrsCount);
foreach (var item in testItems) {
// TODO: v27 will fail this because of the bit shifting in Il2CppType.bits
@@ -351,7 +420,7 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
&& item.datapoint >= (ulong) metadata.GenericParameters.Length => false,
var t when (t is Il2CppTypeEnum.IL2CPP_TYPE_PTR || t is Il2CppTypeEnum.IL2CPP_TYPE_SZARRAY)
&& !ptrsMappableData.Contains(item.datapoint) => false,
&& !ptrs.Take(dataPtrsCount).Contains(item.datapoint) => false,
// Untested cases, we could add more here (IL2CPP_TYPE_ARRAY, IL2CPP_TYPE_GENERICINST)
_ => true
@@ -371,11 +440,11 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
// Test for Il2CppGenericInst**
// ----------------------------
else if (genericInsts.ptr == 0) {
else if (genericInsts.count == -1) {
if (foundMappableDataCount >= MIN_GENERIC_INSTANCES) {
if (dataPtrsCount >= MIN_GENERIC_INSTANCES) {
var testItems = Image.ReadMappedObjectPointerArray<Il2CppGenericInst>(ptr, foundMappableDataCount);
var testItems = Image.ReadMappedObjectPointerArray<Il2CppGenericInst>(ptr, dataPtrsCount);
foreach (var item in testItems) {
// Let's pray no generic type has more than this many type parameters
@@ -406,8 +475,8 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
// Test for Il2CppMethodSpec*
// --------------------------
else if (methodSpecs.ptr == 0) {
var max = Math.Max(limit * (Image.Bits / 8) / metadata.Sizeof(typeof(Il2CppMethodSpec)), limit);
else if (methodSpecs.count == -1) {
var max = limit / metadata.Sizeof(typeof(Il2CppMethodSpec));
if (max >= MIN_METHOD_SPECS) {
@@ -422,13 +491,11 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
if (item.methodIndexIndex < -1 || item.methodIndexIndex >= genericInsts.count)
break;
if (item.classIndexIndex != -1 && item.methodIndexIndex != -1)
nonNegativePairs++;
else
nonNegativePairs = 0;
// Non-negative pairs shouldn't appear in large groups
nonNegativePairs = item.classIndexIndex != -1 && item.methodIndexIndex != -1 ? nonNegativePairs + 1 : 0;
if (nonNegativePairs > MAX_SEQUENTIAL_GENERIC_CLASS_METHODS)
break;
foundData.count++;
}
@@ -437,6 +504,7 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
if (foundData.count >= MIN_METHOD_SPECS) {
foundItem = ref methodSpecs;
methodSpec = testItems;
break;
}
}
@@ -444,12 +512,13 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
// Test for Il2CppGenericMethodFunctionsDefinitions*
// -------------------------------------------------
else if (genericMethodTable.ptr == 0) {
var max = Math.Max(limit * (Image.Bits / 8) / metadata.Sizeof(typeof(Il2CppMethodSpec)), limit);
else if (genericMethodTable.count == -1) {
var max = limit / metadata.Sizeof(typeof(Il2CppGenericMethodFunctionsDefinitions));
if (max >= MIN_GENERIC_METHOD_TABLE) {
var testItems = Image.ReadMappedArray<Il2CppGenericMethodFunctionsDefinitions>(ptr, max);
var lowSpreadCount = 0;
foreach (var item in testItems) {
if (item.genericMethodIndex < 0 || item.genericMethodIndex >= methodSpecs.count)
@@ -458,15 +527,106 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
break;
if (item.indices.invokerIndex < 0 || item.indices.invokerIndex >= invokerPointers.Value)
break;
// methodIndex is an index into the method pointer table
// For generic type definitions, there is no concrete function so this must be 0xffffffff
// TODO: For >=24.2, we need to use the method token to look up the value in an Il2CppCodeGenModule, not currently implemented
if (Image.Version <= 24.1)
if (metadata.Methods[methodSpec[item.genericMethodIndex].methodDefinitionIndex].methodIndex != -1)
break;
foundData.count++;
// Instances where all the values are clustered should be rare
var spread = Math.Max(Math.Max(item.indices.methodIndex, item.indices.invokerIndex), item.genericMethodIndex)
- Math.Min(Math.Min(item.indices.methodIndex, item.indices.invokerIndex), item.genericMethodIndex);
lowSpreadCount = spread < MIN_GENERIC_METHOD_TABLE_SPREAD ? lowSpreadCount + 1 : 0;
if (lowSpreadCount > MAX_SEQUENTIAL_GENERIC_METHOD_TABLE_LOW_SPREAD_INSTANCES)
break;
}
// Assumes the last instances don't have clustered values
foundData.count -= lowSpreadCount;
if (foundData.count >= MIN_GENERIC_METHOD_TABLE) {
foundItem = ref genericMethodTable;
break;
}
}
}
// Test for metadata usages
// ------------------------
else if (metadataUsages.count == -1) {
// No metadata usages for these versions
if (Image.Version < 19 || Image.Version >= 27) {
foundData.ptr = 0ul;
foundItem = ref metadataUsages;
break;
}
// Metadata usages always map to BSS sections and has only a maximum of a small number of null pointers
if (dataPtrsCount == 0 && limit / (Image.Bits / 8) >= usages.Count) {
// No null pointers allowed
if (ptrs.Take(usages.Count).All(p => p != 0ul)) {
// All the pointers must map to a BSS section
// For PE files this relies on our section modding above
var bssMappableCount = ptrs.Take(usages.Count).Count(p => bssSections.Any(s => p >= s.VirtualStart && p <= s.VirtualEnd));
foundData.count = bssMappableCount;
foundItem = ref metadataUsages;
break;
}
}
}
// Test for field offsets
// ----------------------
else if (fieldOffsets.count == -1) {
// This could be a list of pointers to locally incrementing sequences of uints,
// or it could be a sequence of uints
// Some uints may be zero, but must otherwise never be less than the minimum heap offset of the first parameter
// for the binary's function calling convention, and never greater than the maximum heap offset of the last parameter
// Try as sequence of uints
var max = limit / sizeof(uint);
if (max >= MIN_FIELD_OFFSETS) {
var testItems = Image.ReadMappedArray<uint>(ptr, max);
var previousItem = 0u;
var inversions = 0;
var zeroes = 0;
foreach (var item in testItems) {
if (item > MAX_FIELD_OFFSET && item != 0xffffffff)
break;
// Count zeroes and inversions (equality counts as inversion here since two arguments can't share a heap offset)
if (item <= previousItem)
inversions++;
if (item == 0)
zeroes++;
previousItem = item;
foundData.count++;
}
if (foundData.count >= MIN_FIELD_OFFSETS) {
var inversionsPc = (double) inversions / foundData.count;
var zeroesPc = (double) zeroes / foundData.count;
if (inversionsPc >= MIN_FIELD_OFFSET_INVERSION && inversionsPc <= MAX_FIELD_OFFSET_INVERSION
&& zeroesPc >= MIN_FIELD_OFFSET_ZEROES && zeroesPc <= MAX_FIELD_OFFSET_ZEROES) {
foundItem = ref fieldOffsets;
break;
}
}
}
}
foundData = (0ul, -1);
}
@@ -477,10 +637,14 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
// Remove pointer from list of remaining pointers to test
metaPtrData = metaPtrData.Where(m => foundData.ptr != m.Item1).ToList();
// Find the nearest count in the original data in case we need to make a small adjustment
// Aggregate uses the first value for 'next' as the seed for 'nearest'
foundData.count = metaCounts.Aggregate((nearest, next) => Math.Abs(next - foundData.count) < Math.Abs(nearest - foundData.count) ? next : nearest);
// Select the highest count in the original data that is lower or equal to our found count
// Skip items not implemented by the specific metadata version we are analyzing (ptr == 0, count == 0)
// Skip metadataUsages because it is calculated incorrectly by IL2CPP and the count is wrong
if (foundData.count > 0 && foundData.count != usages.Count) {
// Aggregate uses the first value for 'next' as the seed for 'nearest' unless we specify a starting seed
foundData.count = metaCounts.Aggregate(0, (nearest, next) => next - foundData.count > nearest - foundData.count && next - foundData.count <= 0? next : nearest);
metaCounts = metaCounts.Where(c => c != foundData.count).ToList();
}
// Set item via ref
foundItem = foundData;
@@ -503,16 +667,23 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
throw new Exception("Il2CppMethodSpec* incorrect");
if (genericMethodTable.ptr != MetadataRegistration.genericMethodTable)
throw new Exception("Il2CppGenericMethodFunctionsDefinitions* incorrect");
if (metadataUsages.ptr != MetadataRegistration.metadataUsages)
throw new Exception("Metadata usages pointer incorrect");
if (fieldOffsets.ptr != MetadataRegistration.pfieldOffsets)
throw new Exception("Field offsets pointer incorrect");
if (types.count != MetadataRegistration.typesCount)
throw new Exception("Count of Il2CppType* incorrect");
if (genericInsts.count != MetadataRegistration.genericInstsCount)
throw new Exception("Count of Il2CppGenericInst* incorrect");
// We might be slightly off here, allow some tolerance
if (Math.Abs(methodSpecs.count - MetadataRegistration.methodSpecsCount) > 25)
if (methodSpecs.count != MetadataRegistration.methodSpecsCount)
throw new Exception("Count of Il2CppMethodSpec incorrect");
if (genericMethodTable.count != MetadataRegistration.genericMethodTableCount)
throw new Exception($"Count of Il2CppGenericMethodFunctionsDefinitions - Expected: 0x{MetadataRegistration.genericMethodTableCount:X4} - Actual: 0x{genericMethodTable.count:X4}");
throw new Exception("Count of Il2CppGenericMethodFunctionsDefinitions");
if (metadataUsages.count != usages.Count)
throw new Exception("Count of metadata usages incorrect");
if (fieldOffsets.count != MetadataRegistration.fieldOffsetsCount)
throw new Exception("Count of field offsets incorrect");
#endif
#endregion
@@ -525,11 +696,16 @@ namespace Il2CppInspector
MetadataRegistration.methodSpecsCount = methodSpecs.count;
MetadataRegistration.genericMethodTable = genericMethodTable.ptr;
MetadataRegistration.genericMethodTableCount = genericMethodTable.count;
MetadataRegistration.metadataUsages = metadataUsages.ptr;
MetadataRegistration.metadataUsagesCount = (ulong) metadataUsages.count;
MetadataRegistration.pfieldOffsets = fieldOffsets.ptr;
MetadataRegistration.fieldOffsetsCount = fieldOffsets.count;
// Force MetadataRegistration to pass validation in Il2CppBinary.Configure()
MetadataRegistration.typeDefinitionsSizesCount = 0;
MetadataRegistration.genericClassesCount = MetadataRegistration.genericInstsCount + 1;
MetadataRegistration.genericMethodTableCount = MetadataRegistration.genericInstsCount + 1;
StatusUpdate("Analyzing IL2CPP image");
}
}
}